Elbe Crossing 2 is a group of pylons providing overhead lines for four 380
kVThe volt is the SI derived unit of electromotive force, commonly called "voltage". It is also the unit for the related but slightly different quantity electric potential difference...
three phaseThree-phase electric power is a common method of alternating-current electric power transmission. It is a type of polyphase system, and is the most common method used by electric power distribution grids worldwide to distribute power. It is also used to power large motors and other large loads...
AC current circuits across the
GermanGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
river
ElbeThe River Elbe is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It originates in the Krkonose Mountains of northwestern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia , then Germany and flowing into the North Sea at Cuxhaven, 110 km northwest of Hamburg...
. It was constructed between 1976 and 1978 to supplement
Elbe Crossing 1Elbe Crossing 1 is a group of masts providing an overhead crossing of 220kV three phase AC current line across the River Elbe. Constructed between 1959 and 1962 as part of the line from Stade to Hamburg north, it consists of 4 masts:...
, and consists of 4 masts:
- A 76 meter tall anchor pylon located in Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen Bundesländer of Germany...
, on the Elbe's southern banks.
- Two carrying pylons, each 227 meters tall.
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Elbe Crossing 2 is a group of pylons providing overhead lines for four 380
kVThe volt is the SI derived unit of electromotive force, commonly called "voltage". It is also the unit for the related but slightly different quantity electric potential difference...
three phaseThree-phase electric power is a common method of alternating-current electric power transmission. It is a type of polyphase system, and is the most common method used by electric power distribution grids worldwide to distribute power. It is also used to power large motors and other large loads...
AC current circuits across the
GermanGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
river
ElbeThe River Elbe is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It originates in the Krkonose Mountains of northwestern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia , then Germany and flowing into the North Sea at Cuxhaven, 110 km northwest of Hamburg...
. It was constructed between 1976 and 1978 to supplement
Elbe Crossing 1Elbe Crossing 1 is a group of masts providing an overhead crossing of 220kV three phase AC current line across the River Elbe. Constructed between 1959 and 1962 as part of the line from Stade to Hamburg north, it consists of 4 masts:...
, and consists of 4 masts:
- A 76 meter tall anchor pylon located in Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen Bundesländer of Germany...
, on the Elbe's southern banks.
- Two carrying pylons, each 227 meters tall. One is located on the island of Lühesand
Lühesand is a small island 1.24 kilometres square in the river Elbe, 8 kilometres east of Stade in Lower Saxony, Germany. The island can only reached by ferry and contains a large camping site, on which many continuous campers stay. The southern carrying pylons of Elbe Crossing 1 and Elbe Crossing...
and the other is near HetlingenHetlingen is a municipality in the district of Pinneberg in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.Hetlingen is the site of Elbe Crossing 1 and Elbe Crossing 2, two power line crossings across the river Elbe. The pylons of Elbe Crossing 2 are the highest pylons in Europe...
in Schleswig-HolsteinSchleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the sixteen states of Germany, comprising most of the two historical duchies of Schleswig and Holstein...
, on the northern shore.
- These pylons are the tallest pylons in Europe and the sixth tallest of the world. They stand on 95 stakes because of the unfavorable building ground. The base of each pylon measures 45×45 meters and each pylon weighs 980 tons. Crossbeams, which hold up the power cables, are located at heights of 172, 190 and 208 meters. The crossbeams span
Span is a section between two intermediate supports, e.g. of a beam or a bridge.A span can be made of a solid beam or of a rope. The first kind of span is used for bridges, the second one used for power lines, overhead telecommunication lines, some type of antennas or for aerial tramways.The span...
56 meters (lowest crossbeam), 72 meters (middle crossbeam) and 57 meters (highest crossbeam). Each pylon has a self-propelled climbing elevatorAn elevator or lift is a vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people or goods between floors of a building...
for maintenance of the aircraft warning lightsAircraft warning lights are high-intensity lighting devices that are attached to tall structures and used as collision avoidance measures. Such devices make the structure much more visible to passing aircraft and are usually used at night, although in some countries they are used in the daytime also...
; each elevator runs inside a steel tube in the center of the mast, around which there is a spiral staircase.
- A 62 meter tall anchor pylon on the Schleswig-Holstein side.
The enormous height of the two carrying pylons ensures that the passage height requirement of 75 meters over the Elbe demanded by German authorities is met. The height requirement ensures that large ships are able to enter
HamburgHamburg is the second-largest city in Germany and the sixth-largest city in the European Union...
's
deep water port||-||-||}The Port of Hamburg is a port in Hamburg, Germany, on the river Elbe.The harbour is located 110 kilometres from the mouth of the Elbe....
.
Of the 12 power cables of the Elbe crossing 2, only 6 were used immediately after construction. The others were installed for future use but grounded at the two anchor masts of the Elbe crossing 2 because of the difficulties of pulling cables over the Elbe if more capacity were needed later. In the 1990s it was decided to
electrifyA railway electrification system supplies electrical energy to railway locomotives and multiple units so that they can operate without having an on-board prime mover. There are several different electrification systems in use throughout the world...
Schleswig-Holstein's railways and to use some of the unused power lines to supply electric energy to those tracks. As a result 4 cables now carry 110 kV
single phaseIn electrical engineering, single-phase electric power refers to the distribution of alternating current electric power using a system in which all the voltages of the supply vary in unison. Single-phase distribution is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few large electric motors...
AC current for the
Deutsche BahnDeutsche Bahn AG is the German national railway company, a private joint stock company . Headquartered in Berlin, it came into existence in 1994 as the successor to the former state railways of Germany, the Deutsche Bundesbahn of West Germany and the Deutsche Reichsbahn of East Germany...
.
This makes the pylons of Elbe Crossing 2 to the tallest pylons used for carrying currents for traction current. However the tallest pylons exclusively carrying single phase AC circuits are that of Bremen-Industriehafen Weser Powerline Crossing.
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