Electricity pylon

Electricity Pylon

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Electricity pylon

An electricity pylon or transmission tower (also known as Ironmen in Australia

Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
and hydro tower in Canada

Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
) is a tall, usually steel lattice structure

Structure

Structure is a fundamental and sometimes intangible notion covering the recognition, observation, nature , and stability of patterns and relationships of entities....
used to support

Support

Support may refer to the following:* Sympathy, emotional support;* Support wiki * Technical support - in computer hardware, software or electronic goods;...
overhead electricity conductors for electric power transmission

Electric power transmission

Electric power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical power , a process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. A power transmission grid typically connects power plants to multiple Electrical substation near a populated area....
.

, Gloucestershire

Gloucestershire

Gloucestershire is a Counties of England in South West England England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean....
, England]] , Northern Territory

Northern Territory

The Northern Territory is a federal states and territories of Australia of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions....
, Australia

Australia

Tuned mass damper

A tuned mass damper, also known as an active mass damper or harmonic absorber, is a device mounted in structures to prevent discomfort, damage, or outright structural failure caused by vibration....
(the weights attached directly to the conductors) on a 275,000 volt suspension tower near Thornbury

Thornbury, South Gloucestershire

Thornbury is a market town in South Gloucestershire, England, approximately 12 miles north of the city of Bristol, with a population of around 12,000....
, South Gloucestershire

South Gloucestershire

South Gloucestershire is a Unitary authority Districts of England in the Ceremonial counties of England of Gloucestershire in South West England England....
, England

England

Three-phase electric power

Three-phase electric power is a common method of Alternating-current electric power electric power electric power transmission. It is a type of polyphase system, and is the most common method used by electric power distribution grids worldwide to distribute power....
systems are used for high and extra-high voltage AC

Alternating current

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High voltage AC transmission towers

Three-phase electric power

Alternating current

In alternating current the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. An electric charge would for instance move forward, then backward, then forward, then backward, over and over again....
transmission lines (50 kV and above). The towers must be designed to carry three (or multiples of three) conductors. The towers are usually steel lattices or truss

Truss

In architecture and structural engineering, a truss is a architectural structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed with straight slender members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as Vertex ....
es (wooden structures are used in Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
and Scandinavia

Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a historical and geographical subregion in northern Europe that includes the Scandinavian Peninsula. It consists of the kingdoms of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark; some authorities also include Finland and some might even include Iceland....
in some cases) and the insulators are either glass or porcelain discs or composite Insulators using Silicone Rubber or EPDM rubber material assembled in strings or long rod whose length is dependent on the line voltage and environmental conditions. One or two earth conductors (or "ground conductors") for lightning protection are often mounted at the top of each tower.

In some countries, towers for high and extra-high voltage are usually designed to carry two or more electric circuits. For double circuit lines in Germany, the "Danube" towers or more rarely, the "fir

Fir

Firs are a genus of between 45-55 species of evergreen Pinophyta in the family Pinaceae. All are trees, reaching heights of 10-80 m tall and trunk diameters of 0.5-4 m when mature....
tree" towers, are usually used. If a line is constructed using towers designed to carry several circuits, it is not necessary to install all the circuits at the time of construction.

Some high voltage circuits are often erected on the same tower as 110 kV lines. Paralleling circuits of 380 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV-lines on the same towers is common. Sometimes, especially with 110 kV circuits, a parallel circuit carries traction lines for railway electrification.

High voltage DC transmission pylons

adjacent to Dorsey Converter Station near Rosser, Manitoba

Rosser, Manitoba

Rosser, Manitoba is a rural municipality lying adjacent to the northwest side of Winnipeg, Manitoba at . It is part of the Winnipeg Capital Region, Manitoba....
— August 2005]] High voltage direct current

Direct current

Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as battery , thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type....
(HVDC) transmission lines are either monopolar

High-voltage direct current

A high-voltage, direct current electric power transmission system uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current systems....
systems. With bipolar systems a conductor arrangement with one conductor on each side of the tower is used. For single-pole HVDC transmission with ground return, towers with only one conductor can be used. In many cases, however, the towers are designed for later conversion to a two-pole system. In these cases, conductors are installed on both sides of the tower for mechanical reasons. Until the second pole is needed, it is either grounded, or joined in parallel with the pole in use. In the latter case the line from the converter station to the earthing (grounding) electrode is built as underground cable.

Railway traction line pylons

Towers used for single phase AC railway traction lines

Overhead lines

Overhead lines or overhead wires are used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains at a distance from the energy supply point....
are similar in construction to those towers used for 110 kV-three phase lines. Steel tube or concrete poles are also often used for these lines. However, railway traction current systems are two-pole AC systems, so traction lines are designed for two conductors (or multiples of two, usually four, eight, or twelve). As a rule, the towers of railway traction lines carry two electric circuits, so they have four conductors. These are usually arranged on one level, whereby each circuit occupies one half of the crossarm. For four traction circuits the arrangement of the conductors is in two-levels and for six electric circuits the arrangement of the conductors is in three levels.

With limited space conditions, it is possible to arrange the conductors of one traction circuit in two levels. Running a traction power line parallel to a high voltage transmission line for three-phase AC on a separate crossarm of the same tower is possible. If traction lines are led parallel to 380 kV-lines, the insulation must be designed for 220 kV, because in the event of a fault, dangerous overvoltages to the three-phase alternating current line can occur. Traction lines are usually equipped with one earth conductor. In Austria, on some traction circuits, two earth conductors are used.

Assembly

Lattice towers can be assembled horizontally on the ground and erected by push-pull cable, but this method is rarely used because of the large assembly area needed. Lattice towers are more usually erected using a crane or using gin pole method or using derrick or in very inaccessible areas, a helicopter.

Testing of mechanical properties

There are tower testing station

Tower testing station

A tower testing station is a special plant for testing various design for Electricity pylons for transmission lines and similar uses. A tower testing station consists of two steel stands and one or more foundations, on which a sample of the tower can be built....
s for testing the mechanical properties of towers.

Sign markings

anchor pylon at Dorsey Converter Station near Rosser, Manitoba

Rosser, Manitoba

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
.]] ]]

Besides the obligatory high voltage warning sign, electricity towers also frequently possess a sign or circuit identification plate, with the names of the line (either the terminal points of the line or the internal designation of the EVU) and the tower number. This makes it easier identifying the location of a fault to the power company that owns the tower.

In some countries, lattice steel towers have to be equipped with a barbed wire

Barbed wire

Barbed wire, also known as barb wire , is a type of fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals along the strand....
barrier approximately 3 metres above ground in order to deter unauthorized climbing. Such barriers can often be found on towers close to roads or other areas with easy public access, even where there is not a legal requirement.

Special designs

Antennas for low power FM radio, television

Television

Television is a widely used telecommunication mass-media for transmitting and receiving moving , either monochrome or color, usually accompanied by sound....
, and mobile phone services are sometimes erected on pylons, especially on the steel masts carrying high voltage cables.

To build branches, quite impressive constructions must occasionally be used. This also applies occasionally to twisting masts that divert three-level conductor cables.

Sometimes (in particular on steel framework pylons for the highest voltage levels) transmitting plants are installed. Usually these installations are for mobile phone services or the operating radio of the power supply firm, but occasionally also for other radio services, like directional radio. Thus transmitting antennas for low-power FM radio and television transmitters were already installed on pylons. On the carrying pylon of the Elbe Crossing 1

Elbe crossing 1

Elbe Crossing 1 is a group of masts providing an overhead crossing of 220kV three phase AC current line across the River Elbe. Constructed between 1959 and 1962 as part of the line from Stade to Hamburg north, it consists of 4 masts:...
there is a radar facility belonging to the Hamburg water and navigation office.

For crossing broad valleys, a large distance between the conductor cables must be maintained to avoid short-circuits caused by conductor cables colliding during storms. Sometimes a separate pylon is used for each conductor. For crossing wide rivers and straits with flat coastlines very high pylons must be built, because a large height clearance is needed for navigation. Such masts must be equipped with flight safety lamps.

Two well-known wide river crossings are the Elbe Crossing 1

Elbe crossing 1

Elbe crossing 2

Elbe Crossing 2 is a group of pylons providing overhead lines for four 380 volt Three-phase_electric_power AC current circuits across the Germany river Elbe....
. The latter has the highest overhead line masts in Europe, at 227 meters tall. The overhead line crossing pylons in the Spanish bay of Cádiz

Pylons of Cádiz

The Pylons of C?diz, also known as the Towers of C?diz, are two tall pylons supporting two 132 kV three-phase AC powerlines crossing the bay of C?diz, Spain, from a large substation at Puerto Real to the T?rmica substation situated on the peninsula upon which the city of C?diz stands....
have a particularly interesting construction. They consist of 158-meter-high carrying pylons with one cross beam atop a frustum

Frustum

A frustum is the portion of a solid?normally a Cone or pyramid ?which lies between two parallel planes cutting the solid. The term is commonly used in computer graphics to describe the 3d area which is visible on the screen ....
framework construction. The longest overhead line spans are the crossing of the Norwegian Sognefjord (4,597 meters between two masts) and the Ameralik span in Greenland (5,376 meters.) In Germany the overhead line of the EnBW AG crossing of the Eyachtal has the longest span in the country at 1,444 meters.

In order to drop overhead lines into steep, deep valleys, inclined pylons are occasionally used. An example of this type of pylon is located at the Hoover dam

Hoover Dam

Hoover Dam, originally known as Boulder Dam, is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado of the Colorado River , on the border between the United States U.S....
in the USA. In Switzerland a NOK pylon inclined around 20 degrees to the vertical is located near Sargans. Highly sloping masts are used on two 380 kV pylons in Switzerland, the top 32 meters of one of them being bent by 18 degrees to the vertical.

Power station chimneys are sometimes equipped with crossbars for fixing conductors of the outgoing lines. Because of possible problems with corrosion by the flue gases, such constructions are very rare.

Types of pylons

Specific functions

anchor pylon
Anchor pylon

Anchor pylons or strainer pylons utilize horizontal insulators and occur at the endpoints of conductor s. Such endpoints are necessary when interfacing with other modes of power transmission and, due to the inflexibility of the conductors, when significantly altering the direction of the pylon chain....
s (also called strainer pylons or terminal towers) are used at the endpoints of straight runs of conductors. They utilize tension insulators to carry the horizontal tension of the long stretch of line.
pine pylon — an electricity pylon for two circuits of three-phase
Three-phase

In electrical engineering, three-phase electric power systems have at least three conductors carrying voltage waveforms that are 2p/3 radians offset in time....
AC
Alternating current

In alternating current the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. An electric charge would for instance move forward, then backward, then forward, then backward, over and over again....
current, a which the conductors are arranged in three levels. In pine pylons the lowest crossbar has a wider span than that in the middle and this one a larger span than that on the top.
Transposing pylons are anchor or terminal pylons at which the conductors are "transposed" so that they exchange sides of the pylon.
long-distance anchor pylon
Long-distance anchor pylon

A long distance anchor pylon is an anchor pylon at the end of a line section with a span width longer than the others used in the line. At long distance anchor pylons there are larger distances between the conductor cables as at other sections in the line in order to prevent short-circuits which may occur when conductors came in consequence o...
branch pylon
Branch pylon

In the layout of an overhead Electric power transmission, a branch pylon is a pylon that is used to start a line branch. The branch pylon is responsible for holding up both the main-line and the start of the branch line, and must be structured so as to resist forces from both lines....
anchor portal
Anchor portal

An anchor portal is a support structure for overhead Electric power transmission lines in the form of a portal for the installation of the lines in a switchyard. Anchor portals are almost always steel-tube or steel-framework constructions....
termination pylon

]]

Materials used

wood pylon
Wood pylon

A wood pylon is an electricity pylon made of wood. For support pylons a straight trunk impregnated with tar is usually used, which carries one or more cross beams with the conductor cables on the top....
concrete pylon
Concrete pylon

A concrete pylon, or concrete pole, is an electricity pylon made from reinforced concrete. Concrete pylons are manufactured at the factory and put up at the power line's right of way....
steel tube pylon
Steel tube pylon

A steel tube pylon is a pylon, which is manufactured from a steel tube. This type of pylon is generally assembled at the factory and set up on the power line's right of way with a crane....
lattice steel pylon
Lattice steel pylon

File:Electricity Pylon.jpgA lattice steel pylon is an electricity pylon consisting of a steel framework construction. Lattice steel pylons are used for Overhead powerline of all voltages....
concrete filled steel tube pylon
stobie pole
Stobie pole

A Stobie pole is a power line pole made of two steel joists held apart by a slab of concrete in the middle. It was invented by Adelaide Electricity Supply Company design engineer James Cyril Stobie ....

Conductor arrangements

portal pylon
Portal pylon

In electricity distribution, a portal pylon is a type of pylon with which the cross beams on the conductor cables rest on at least two towers....
delta pylon
Delta pylon

A delta pylon is a type of support structure for high-voltage electric power transmission lines. The pylon has a V-shaped top for the admission of the cross beam....
single-level pylon
Single-level pylon

A single-level pylon is an electricity pylon for an arrangement of all conductor cables on a pylon in one level. The single-level pylon leads to a low height of the pylons, connected with the requirement for a large right of way....
two-level pylon
Two-level pylon

A two-level pylon is a pylon at which the electrical network are arranged in two levels on two crossbars. Two-level pylons are usually designed to carry on the lowest crossbar four and at the upper crossbar two conductors, but there are also other variants, e.g....
three level pylon
Barrel pylon

Specific locations

roof stand
Roof stand

A roof stand is a small electricity pylon on a building roof. The electrical supply for the building runs from the street mains to the stand, and descends on a cable running through the stand into the structure....
crossing pylon
Crossing pylon

A crossing pylon is an electricity pylon for a crossing of an overhead line crossing over a body of water, or a valley.In order to allow ships passing underneath, crossing pylons across wide rivers and sea straits are frequently taller than standard pylons, particularly in areas where the banks of the river or strait are close to the water...
bridge mounted structures, as on Storstrøm Bridge
Storstrøm Bridge

Storstr?m Bridge is a road bridge and railway arch bridge that crosses Storstr?mmen between the islands of Falster and Masned? in Denmark.Together with Masnedsund Bridge it connects Falster and Zealand ....

Specific purposes

rail current pylon
hybrid pylon
Hybrid pylon

A hybrid pylon is a pylon which carries electric circuits for different types of current.In principle, hybrid pylons supply parallel guidance to the following types of electrical lines:...
telephone pole

Pylons in art and culture

in Stalybridge

Stalybridge

Stalybridge is a town within the Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. It is to the northwest of Glossop, to the east of Manchester and to the north of Stockport....
, West Yorkshire

West Yorkshire

West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of List of ceremonial counties of England by population....
, UK]]

For the 1998 film Among Giants a pylon at in Ashworth Valley, near Rochdale
Rochdale

Rochdale is a large market town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies amongst the foothills of the Pennines on the River Roch, north-northwest of Oldham, and north-northeast of the city of Manchester....
, Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester

Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of List of ceremonial counties of England by population. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Metropolitan Borough of...
, England was coloured in pink. The pylon was demolished in 2003.

In Ruhrpark, a big mall in Bochum
Bochum

Bochum is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, western Germany. It is located in the Ruhr area and surrounded by the cities of Essen, Germany, Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten and Hattingen....
, Germany, there is a pylon decorated with balls.
The North Korea
North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , is a state in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula....
n official emblem has a pylon and a dam
Dam

A dam is a barrier that Reservoirs surface water or underground streams. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates, levees, and Dike are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions....
on it.

Pylons of special interest

Pylon	Year	Country	Town	Pinnacle height	Remarks
Yangtze River Crossing Yangtze River Crossing The Yangtze River Crossing may refer to one of three overhead power lines crossing the Yangtze River, China....	2003	China China China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....	Jiangyin	346.5m	Tallest pylons in the world
Yangtze River Crossing Nanjing	1992	China China China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....	Nanjing	257 m	Tallest pylons in the world, built of reinforced concrete
Pylons of Pearl River Crossing	1987	China China China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....		253 m + 240 m, 830 ft + 787 ft
Orinoco River Crossing Orinoco River Crossing Orinoco River Crossing is an overhead powerline crossing for 2 220kV-circuits over Orinoco River near Morocure in Venezuela, west of Second Orinoco crossing....	?	Venezuela Venezuela Venezuela , officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a country on the northern coast of South America.The country comprises a continental mainland and numerous islands located off the Venezuelan coastline in the Caribbean Sea....	Caroní	240 m	Tallest electricity pylons in South America
Pylons of Messina Pylons of Messina The Pylons of Messina were once used to carry a 220 kilovolt overhead power line across the Strait of Messina, between the Rizziconi substation in Calabria on the Italian mainland and the Sorgente substation in Sicily....	1957	Italy Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....	Messina	232 m ( 224 m without basement)	no longer used as pylons
Yangtze River Crossing Wuhu	2003	China China China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....	?	229 m	Tallest electricity pylons used for HVDC HVDC Three Gorges-Changzhou The HVDC Three Gorges-Changzhou is an 890 kilometre-long bipolar HVDC powerline in China for the transmission of electric power from the Three Gorges Dam power plant to the area of Changzhou....
Elbe Crossing 2 Elbe crossing 2 Elbe Crossing 2 is a group of pylons providing overhead lines for four 380 volt Three-phase_electric_power AC current circuits across the Germany river Elbe....	1976-1978	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Stade Stade Stade is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany and part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region . It is the seat of the Stade named after it. The city was first mentioned in a document from 994....	227 m	tallest electricity pylons in Europe
Chusi-Crossing	? ? or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....	Japan Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....	Chusi	226 m	Tallest electricity pylons in Japan
Daqi-Channel-Crossing	1997	Japan Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....	?	223 m
Overhead line crossing Suez Canal	1998	Egypt Egypt Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....		221 m
LingBei-Channel-Crossing	1993	Japan Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....	?	214.5 m
Kerinchi Pylon Kerinchi Pylon Kerinchi Pylon is an electricity pylon located near Menara Telekom in Kerinchi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. At 210 metres, this electricity pylon is the tallest in Malaysia and Southeast Asia....	1999	Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia is a federation that consists of States of Malaysia in Southeast Asia with a total landmass of . The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government....	Kerinchi Kerinchi Kerinchi is a village in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The village is located next to the Telekom Malaysia building of Kuala Lumpur, nearby the Mid Valley Megamall.... near Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur , is the largest city of Malaysia. The city proper, making up an area of , has an estimated population of 1.6 million in 2006. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million....	210 m	Tallest pylon in Southeast Asia
Luohe-Crossing	1989	China China China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....	?	202.5 m	pylons of reinforced concrete
380kV Thames Crossing 380kV Thames Crossing There are a number of substantial overhead powerline river crossings in the United Kingdom.The tallest electricity pylons in the UK are those of the 380kV Thames Crossing, at West Thurrock, which are 190m high....	1965	UK	West Thurrock West Thurrock West Thurrock is an area of Thurrock, Essex, England, located 17.5 miles east south-east of Charing Cross, London.It is the location of the Lakeside Shopping Centre....	190 m
Elbe Crossing 1 Elbe crossing 1 Elbe Crossing 1 is a group of masts providing an overhead crossing of 220kV three phase AC current line across the River Elbe. Constructed between 1959 and 1962 as part of the line from Stade to Hamburg north, it consists of 4 masts:...	1958-1962	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Stade Stade Stade is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany and part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region . It is the seat of the Stade named after it. The city was first mentioned in a document from 994....	189 m
Bosporus overhead line crossing III	1999	Turkey Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....	Istanbul Istanbul Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population, and List of cities proper by population in the world with a population of 12.6 million....	160 m
Pylons of Cadiz Pylons of Cádiz The Pylons of C?diz, also known as the Towers of C?diz, are two tall pylons supporting two 132 kV three-phase AC powerlines crossing the bay of C?diz, Spain, from a large substation at Puerto Real to the T?rmica substation situated on the peninsula upon which the city of C?diz stands....	1955	Spain Spain Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....	Cadiz Cádiz C?diz is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of C?diz, one of eight which make up the Autonomous communities of Spain of Andalusia....	158 m
Aust Severn Powerline Crossing Aust Severn Powerline Crossing Aust Severn Powerline Crossing is the longest powerline span in the UK with a span width of 1,618 m .The crossing, which spans the River Severn between Aust and Beachley, is part of the National Grid ....	?	UK	Aust	148.75 m
132kV Thames Crossing 380kV Thames Crossing There are a number of substantial overhead powerline river crossings in the United Kingdom.The tallest electricity pylons in the UK are those of the 380kV Thames Crossing, at West Thurrock, which are 190m high....	1932	UK	West Thurrock West Thurrock West Thurrock is an area of Thurrock, Essex, England, located 17.5 miles east south-east of Charing Cross, London.It is the location of the Lakeside Shopping Centre....	148.4 m	demolished in 1987
Karmsundet Powerline Crossing	?	Norway	Karmsundet	143.5 m
Limfjorden Overhead powerline crossing 2	?	Denmark	Raerup	141.7 m
Pylons of Voerde	1926	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Voerde Voerde Voerde is a town in the Wesel , in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, approx. 10 km south-east of Wesel, and 20 km north of Duisburg....	138 m
Köhlbrand Powerline Crossing	?	Germany	Hamburg	138 m
Bremen-Farge Weser Powerline Crossing	?	Germany	Bremen Bremen Bremen is a Hanseatic League city in northwestern Germany . It is a port city, situated along the Weser River, about south from its mouth on the North Sea....	135 m
Pylons of Ghesm Crossing	1984	Iran Iran Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....	Strait of Ghesm	130 m	One pylon standing on a caisson in the sea
Shukhov tower on the Oka River Shukhov tower on the Oka River Shukhov Tower on the Oka River is the world?s only surviving Hyperboloid structure electricity pylon. It is located in Russia, in the western suburbs of Nizhny Novgorod, on the left bank of the Oka River near Dzerzhinsk, Russia....	1929	Russia Russia Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....	Dzerzhinsk Dzerzhinsk, Russia Dzerzhinsk is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, situated along the Oka River, about east of Moscow....	128 m	Hyperboloid structure Hyperboloid structure Hyperboloid structures are architectural structures designed with hyperboloid geometry. Often these are tall structures such as towers where the hyperboloid geometry's structural strength is used to support an object high off the ground, but hyperboloid geometry is also often used for decorative effect as well as structural economy....
Tarchomin-Lomianki Vistula Powerline Crossing Power line crossings in Poland In Poland, there are 6 powerline crossings of the Vistula river and one powerline crossing of the Odra river using pylons taller than 100 metres....	?	Poland Poland Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....	Tarchomin-Lomianki Lomianki Lomianki [] is a town in Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, with 15,602 inhabitants .Near Lomianki, there is a remarkale Power line crossings in Poland#Tarchomin-Lomianki_Vistula_Powerline_Crossing....	127 m ( Tarchomin), 121 m ( Lomianki)
Skolwin-Inoujscie Odra Powerline Crossing Power line crossings in Poland In Poland, there are 6 powerline crossings of the Vistula river and one powerline crossing of the Odra river using pylons taller than 100 metres....	?	Poland Poland Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....	Skolwin-Inoujscie Inoujscie Inoujscie is a former village in the administrative district of Gmina Goleni?w, within Goleni?w County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland....	126 m ( Skolwin), 125 m ( Inoujscie)
Enerhodar Dnipro Powerline Crossing Enerhodar Dnipro Powerline Crossing Enerhodar Dnipro Powerline Crossing is the designation of two powerline crossings of Kakhovka Reservoir of Dnipro rivernear Enerhodar.The first powerline, which was built in 1977 and runs from Zaporizhzhia Thermal Power Plant, consists of seven 90 metres and two 100 metres high pylons, which were built on caissons in the water.... 2	1984	Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....	Enerhodar Enerhodar Enerhodar is the city in north-west part of Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine.Enerhodar is located on the left bank of Dnieper river near the Kakhovka Reservoir....	126 m	Pylons on caissons
Bosporus overhead line crossing I Bosporus overhead line crossing I Bosporus overhead line crossings refers to the powerlines crossing the Bosporus. The Bosporus overhead line crossing 1 was the first powerline crossing the Bosporus....	1957	Turkey Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....	Istanbul Istanbul Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population, and List of cities proper by population in the world with a population of 12.6 million....	?
Bosporus overhead line crossing II	1983	Turkey Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....	Istanbul Istanbul Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population, and List of cities proper by population in the world with a population of 12.6 million....	?
Little Belt Overhead powerline crossing 2	?	Denmark	Middelfart	125.3 m + 119.2 m
Duisburg-Wanheim Powerline Rhine Crossing	?	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Duisburg Duisburg Duisburg is a Germany city in the western part of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is an independent metropolitan borough within D?sseldorf ....	122 m
Little Belt Overhead powerline crossing 1 Little Belt Overhead powerline crossing 1 The Little Belt Overhead powerline crossings are a pair of single-circuit 380 kV powerlines crossing Little Belt, each with one circuit. They each cross the straight near Middelfart on two electricity pylons built as Delta pylons....	?	Denmark	Middelfart	119.5 m + 113.1 m
Pylons of Duisburg-Rheinhausen	1926	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Duisburg-Rheinhausen	118.8 m
Bullenhausen Elbe Powerline Crossing	?	Germany	Bullenhausen	117 m
Lubaniew-Bobrowniki Vistula Powerline Crossing Power line crossings in Poland In Poland, there are 6 powerline crossings of the Vistula river and one powerline crossing of the Odra river using pylons taller than 100 metres....	?	Poland	Lubaniew/Bobrowniki Bobrowniki Bobrowniki is a village in Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Bobrowniki, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship....	117 m
Ostrówek-Tursko Vistula Powerline Crossing Power line crossings in Poland In Poland, there are 6 powerline crossings of the Vistula river and one powerline crossing of the Odra river using pylons taller than 100 metres....	?	Poland	Ostrówek Ostrówek Ostr?wek is a name of 31 villages in Poland, including:Ostr?wek, Inowroclaw County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Ostr?wek, Sep?lno County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship ... /Tursko Tursko Tursko may refer to the following places in Poland:Tursko, Greater Poland Voivodeship Tursko, Pomeranian Voivodeship *Tursko, Lesser Poland Voivodeship ...	115 m
Riga Hydroelectric Power Plant Crossing Pylon Riga Hydroelectric Power Plant Crossing Pylon The Riga Hydroelectric Power Plant Crossing Pylon is an overhead powerline crossing of the Daugava River, near Salaspils in the Latvia.The present crossing was built in 1974, and includes one 112-metre tall lattice tower....	1974	Latvia Latvia Latvia The Latvians are a Baltic peoples culturally related to the Estonians and Lithuanians, with the Latvian language having many similarities with Lithuanian language, but not with the Estonian language....	Salaspils Salaspils File:Kircholm_pomnik.jpgSalaspils...	112 m
Bremen-Industriehafen Weser Powerline Crossing	1972-1974 ( line for three phase AC)	Germany	Bremen	111 m	two parallel running powerlines, one used for three phase AC, the other for traction current. Highest pylons designed for single phase AC use.
Nowy Bógpomóz-Probostwo Dolne Vistula Powerline Crossing Power line crossings in Poland In Poland, there are 6 powerline crossings of the Vistula river and one powerline crossing of the Odra river using pylons taller than 100 metres....	?	Poland	Nowy Bógpomóz/Probostwo Dolne Probostwo Dolne Probostwo Dolne is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubanie, within Wloclawek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland....	111 m ( Probostwo Dolne), 109 m ( Nowy Bógpomóz)
Daugava Powerline Crossing Daugava Powerline Crossing The Daugava Powerline Crossing pylon is the second highest eletrical support pylons in Latvia.Daugava Powerline Crossing is a group of two masts providing an overhead crossing of 110kV line across the Daugava River in North side of Riga....	1975	Latvia	Riga Riga Riga the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava River. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states....	110 m
Regów Golab Vistula Powerline Crossing Power line crossings in Poland In Poland, there are 6 powerline crossings of the Vistula river and one powerline crossing of the Odra river using pylons taller than 100 metres....	?	Poland	Regów Regów Reg?w is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Baran?w, Masovian Voivodeship, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.... /Golab Golab Golab may refer to the following places:Golab, Chelm County in Lublin Voivodeship Golab, Lubart?w County in Lublin Voivodeship *Golab, Pulawy County in Lublin Voivodeship ...	108 m
Orsoy Rhine Crossing	? ? or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Orsoy	105 m
Limfjorden Overhead powerline crossing 1	?	Denmark	Raerup	101.2 m
Enerhodar Dnipro Powerline Crossing Enerhodar Dnipro Powerline Crossing Enerhodar Dnipro Powerline Crossing is the designation of two powerline crossings of Kakhovka Reservoir of Dnipro rivernear Enerhodar.The first powerline, which was built in 1977 and runs from Zaporizhzhia Thermal Power Plant, consists of seven 90 metres and two 100 metres high pylons, which were built on caissons in the water.... 1	1977	Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....	Enerhodar Enerhodar Enerhodar is the city in north-west part of Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine.Enerhodar is located on the left bank of Dnieper river near the Kakhovka Reservoir....	100 m	Pylons on caissons
380kV-Ems-Overhead Powerline Crossing	?	Germany	Mark Mark Mark may refer to:... (south of Weener Weener Weener is a town in the district of Leer , in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the border with the Netherlands, on the river Ems , approx.... )	84 m
Pylon in the artificial lake of Santa Maria	1959	Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....	Lake of Santa Maria	75 m	Pylon in an artificial lake
Eyachtal Span Facility 615 Facility 615 is the double-circuit 110kV-line for three phase AC current between Calmbach substation and H?fen substation of the EnBW AG. The Enz Valley crossing between pylon 11 and 12 near Calmbach is with a width of 1372.8 meters the second largest and the Eyach Valley crossing between Pylon 15 and 16 with a span width of 1444 metres the...	1992	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Höfen	70 m	Longest span of Germany ( 1444 metres)
Pylon 1 of powerline departing Reuter West Power Station	?	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Berlin Berlin Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....	66 m	Chimney-like pylon with lattice steel crossbars
Pylon 310 of powerline Innertkirchen-Littau-Mettlen	1990	Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....	Littau Littau Littau is a Municipalities of Switzerland in the district of Lucerne in the Cantons of Switzerland of Lucerne in Switzerland....	59,5 m	Tallest pylon of prefabricated concrete
Anlage 2610, Mast 69	?	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Bochum Bochum Bochum is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, western Germany. It is located in the Ruhr area and surrounded by the cities of Essen, Germany, Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten and Hattingen....	47 m	Pylon of 220kV-powerline decorated with balls in Ruhr-Park mall.
Colossus of Eislingen	1980	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Eislingen/Fils	47 m	Pylon standing over a little river
Huddersfield Narrow Canal Pylon Huddersfield Narrow Canal Pylon The Huddersfield Narrow Canal Pylon, , is an electricity pylon which stands with its feet over the Huddersfield Narrow Canal near Heyrod, Stalybridge, Greater Manchester at 53?29'37"N, 2?2'25"W....	?	UK	Stalybridge	?	Pylon standing over Huddersfield Narrow Canal Huddersfield Narrow Canal The Huddersfield Narrow Canal is an Navigability waterway in northern England. It runs just under 20 miles from the junction with the Huddersfield Broad Canal near Aspley, West Yorkshire Basin at Huddersfield to the junction with the Ashton Canal at Whitelands Basin in Ashton-under-Lyne.... , perhaps the only pylon whose legs can be passed under by boat

Alternatives to pylons

Pylons and the cables that they support are generally regarded to be unattractive. An alternative to pylons is underground cables. This is a more expensive solution than cables that are supported by pylons but has aesthetic advantages. There are schemes in various countries to improve the appearance of the environment by removing the pylons and undergrounding

Undergrounding

Undergrounding refers to the replacement of overhead cables providing electric power or telecommunications, with underground cables. This is typically performed for aesthetic purposes, and increases distribution cost....
the cables. Laying underground cables can be very expensive, for example in rocky terrain. However, a disadvantage of underground cables is that they have poor heat-dissipation qualities, contrary to cables suspended on towers, which are cooled by the air. The additional capacitance

Capacitance

In electromagnetism and electronics, capacitance is the ability of a body to hold an electrical charge.Capacitance is also a measure of the amount of electric charge stored for a given electric potential....
of the ground also results in less efficient power transmission. Perhaps one of the largest disadvantages of cables is that they are far more vulnerable to careless/inadvertent damage by third parties, often in the course of construction work.

External links

of some electricity pylons on

Electricity pylon

High voltage AC transmission towers

High voltage DC transmission pylons

Railway traction line pylons

Assembly

Testing of mechanical properties

Sign markings

Special designs

Types of pylons

Specific functions

Materials used

Conductor arrangements

Specific locations

Specific purposes

Pylons in art and culture

Pylons of special interest

Alternatives to pylons

See also

External links