Egremont, Cumbria
Encyclopedia
Egremont is a market town
Market town
Market town or market right is a legal term, originating in the medieval period, for a European settlement that has the right to host markets, distinguishing it from a village and city...

 and civil parish
Civil parish
In England, a civil parish is a territorial designation and, where they are found, the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties...

 in the Borough of Copeland in Cumbria
Cumbria
Cumbria , is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle. It consists of six districts, and in...

, England, 5 miles (8 km) south of Whitehaven
Whitehaven
Whitehaven is a small town and port on the coast of Cumbria, England, which lies equidistant between the county's two largest settlements, Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness, and is served by the Cumbrian Coast Line and the A595 road...

 and on the River Ehen
River Ehen
The River Ehen is a river in Cumbria, England. It is a designated Special Area of Conservation.The river's source is at the west end of Ennerdale Water: it runs west through Ennerdale Bridge where it is joined by Croasdale Beck...

. The town, which lies at the foot of Uldale
Uldale
Uldale is a small village in Cumbria, England.It is about five miles from Caldbeck, two miles from Ireby with which it forms the civil parish of Ireby and Uldale and Aughertree, 11 miles from Wigton and 12 miles from Cockermouth....

 Valley and Dent Fell
Dent (fell)
Dent is a small fell on the fringe of the English Lake District near the towns of Cleator Moor and Egremont. Sometimes known as Long Barrow, it is traditionally the first fell encountered by hikers following Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk...

, was historically within Cumberland
Cumberland
Cumberland is a historic county of North West England, on the border with Scotland, from the 12th century until 1974. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 and now forms part of Cumbria....

 and has a long industrial heritage including dyeing, weaving and iron ore mining. It had a population of 7,444 in 2001.

The town's layout today is much the same as at the time of Richard de Lucy around 1200 with its wide Main Street opening out into the market place. The remains of the Norman
Norman dynasty
Norman dynasty is the usual designation for the family that were the Dukes of Normandy and the English monarchs which immediately followed the Norman conquest and lasted until the Plantagenet dynasty came to power in 1154. It included Rollo and his descendants, and from William the Conqueror and...

 castle, built in the 12th century, are situated at the southern end of Main Street near the market place.

Egremont was granted a charter
Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified...

 for a market and annual fair by King Henry III in 1266. The resulting annual Crab Fair now hosts the World Gurn
Gurn
A gurn or chuck is a distorted facial expression, and a verb to describe the action. A typical gurn might involve projecting the lower jaw as far forward and up as possible, and covering the upper lip with the lower lip....

ing Championships.

The modern economy is built on services, media and tourism, together with nuclear industry at Sellafield
Sellafield
Sellafield is a nuclear reprocessing site, close to the village of Seascale on the coast of the Irish Sea in Cumbria, England. The site is served by Sellafield railway station. Sellafield is an off-shoot from the original nuclear reactor site at Windscale which is currently undergoing...

.

Economy

Manufacturing industries have declined but service, new media and tourism industries have taken their place.

Egremont’s Florence Mine was (until 2008) the last working deep iron ore mine left in Western Europe and produced ore, products for the cosmetics industry and high quality haematite for jewellery.
Florence Mine can be found just south of Egremont town.

A large local employer is the nuclear site at nearby Sellafield
Sellafield
Sellafield is a nuclear reprocessing site, close to the village of Seascale on the coast of the Irish Sea in Cumbria, England. The site is served by Sellafield railway station. Sellafield is an off-shoot from the original nuclear reactor site at Windscale which is currently undergoing...

. The last few years have seen the running down of the nuclear power industry
Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity...

 and the growth of the nuclear decommissioning
Nuclear decommissioning
Nuclear decommissioning is the dismantling of a nuclear power plant and decontamination of the site to a state no longer requiring protection from radiation for the general public...

 industry.

Transport

Egremont formerly had a railway station on the Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway
Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway
The Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway was a standard gauge railway in Cumberland, England. It opened for goods traffic in 1855 and for passenger traffic in 1857.- Route :...

, but it closed in 1947.

Bus services 6 and X6 link Egremont to Seascale, Gosforth and towns south of Egremont. There are many other bus services that link to Whitehaven and Workington
Workington
Workington is a town, civil parish and port on the west coast of Cumbria, England, at the mouth of the River Derwent. Lying within the Borough of Allerdale, Workington is southwest of Carlisle, west of Cockermouth, and southwest of Maryport...

 (30, 30A, 22 and 22A).

The A595 bypasses Egremont, which gives strong links to Sellafield to the South and to the North, Whitehaven and Workington.

Tourism

Egremont has many unique and interesting places for visitors to enjoy, including Egremont Castle
Egremont Castle
Egremont Castle is located in the town of Egremont, Cumbria. -History:The original castle was built on a mound above the River Ehen on the site of a Danish fort following the conquest of Cumberland in 1092 by William II of England. The present castle was built by William de Meschines, who founded...

, Florence Mine, Hartleys Ice Cream, Lowes Court Gallery, various walks, Clints Quarry (SSSI) and cycle paths.

Community and culture

Egremont has a castle, several churches, two supermarkets, and a market selling a variety of goods held every Friday.

It has had a brass band since 1904. The band aims to promote brass band music in the local area.

The town has one secondary school, West Lakes Academy, and four primary schools, which are Bookwell, Orgill and Thornhill Primary Schools, plus St Bridget's Catholic Primary School.

It has an active public and community arts programme, called Creative Egremont.

Egremont also has a dedicated town freesheet, published by Egremont & District Labour Party and delivered to thousands of addresses in the town several times a year. The paper is financed by the Copeland Constituency Labour Party, and its treasurer is David Southward MBE.

Crab Fair

Egremont's Crab Fair is held on the third Saturday in September annually, and features unusual events - such as the world-famous 'gurning' and greasy pole climbing. This fair is a major local event, with the town's high street being closed to normal traffic for street dancing and a parade, while sports such as Cumberland & Westmorland Wrestling are held on ground nearby.
The fair's origins go back to 1267, and it is claimed to be one of the oldest fairs in the world.

History of the town

Egremont pre-dates the Norman conquest of England. The Danes first established a fort on the site of Egremont castle around the end of the first millennium AD.

In about 1300, the town was established much as it is seen today, surrounded by agricultural lands. In 1322, Robert Bruce
Robert I of Scotland
Robert I , popularly known as Robert the Bruce , was King of Scots from March 25, 1306, until his death in 1329.His paternal ancestors were of Scoto-Norman heritage , and...

 attacked the town, causing a huge death toll. For the next 100 years or so an uneasy peace followed and the castle fell into ruins.

In 1565, a stone bridge was built over the river Ehen to access the town, which was now smaller because of frequent Scottish raids
Border Reivers
Border Reivers were raiders along the Anglo–Scottish border from the late 13th century to the beginning of the 17th century. Their ranks consisted of both Scottish and English families, and they raided the entire border country without regard to their victims' nationality...

. Little changed for a century, until new stone buildings appeared on the Main Street, probably built with stone from the castle. In 1683, Edward Benn and his heirs were given land with the provision that they rebuild the stone bridge and maintain it for ever.

In 1748, another bridge was built at Briscoe Mill at a cost of £28-15-0d, paid for by John Pearson, a local hatter. Soon Egremont began to service the Port of Whitehaven
Whitehaven
Whitehaven is a small town and port on the coast of Cumbria, England, which lies equidistant between the county's two largest settlements, Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness, and is served by the Cumbrian Coast Line and the A595 road...

 and in 1830, iron ore was mined over several sites.

Over the next 60 years new schools, churches and the Town Hall were built. New housing estates were also built to accommodate the growing town, with many old parts of the town being demolished in 1968.

In 1964, Wyndham School
Wyndham school
Wyndham School was a Comprehensive School in the town of Egremont, Cumbria, England. The school was built and opened in the 1960s.- 2008 closing :...

 was built, the first Comprehensive School
Comprehensive school
A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of a selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to the United...

 to be built in the British Isles. In 1970, there was a large increase in workers moving into the town to work on the new nuclear site
Sellafield
Sellafield is a nuclear reprocessing site, close to the village of Seascale on the coast of the Irish Sea in Cumbria, England. The site is served by Sellafield railway station. Sellafield is an off-shoot from the original nuclear reactor site at Windscale which is currently undergoing...

.

In 1990, the Egremont by-pass
Bypass (road)
A bypass is a road or highway that avoids or "bypasses" a built-up area, town, or village, to let through traffic flow without interference from local traffic, to reduce congestion in the built-up area, and to improve road safety....

 was opened.

Industrial history

In bygone days, dyeing and weaving were traditional industries based around the River Ehen.

Iron ore mining and quarrying has been established in Egremont for more than 800 years. Industrial mining of iron ore started around 1830 with many mines being opened, and continues to this day.

Around the early 17th century, agricultural lime was mined at Clints Quarry, with more heavy duty mining being undertaken to supply the iron and ore industry in the mid 19th century, finally ending in 1930. Clints Quarry (now a Site of Special Scientific Interest
Site of Special Scientific Interest
A Site of Special Scientific Interest is a conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. SSSIs are the basic building block of site-based nature conservation legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations in Great Britain are based upon...

) can be found just north of Egremont town.

In 1950, Rowntrees built a chocolate crumb factory near Christie Bridge and the nuclear industry became established at Sellafield. The Rowntrees site has become a new housing estate, York Place, which is located at the northern end of Main Street.

The Sellafield site (now Sellafield Limited) is still operating while undergoing major change.

History of the Barony of Copeland (or Egremont)

When William Rufus extended Norman rule into Cumbria in around 1092, control of the area was given to Ivo Taillebois, who was married to Lucy of Bolingbroke
Lucy of Bolingbroke
Lucy , sometimes called Lucy of Bolingbroke, was an Anglo-Norman heiress in central England and, later in life, countess-consort of Chester. Probably related to the old English earls of Mercia, she came to possess extensive lands in Lincolnshire which she passed on to her husbands and sons...

, heiress of extensive lands in Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the north west, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders...

. When Ivo died in 1094, this authority passed to Lucy's second husband Roger fitz Gerold de Roumare, who survived for only two more years, then to her third husband Ranulph de Briquessart (Ranulph le Meschines). On his becoming the Earl of Chester
Earl of Chester
The Earldom of Chester was one of the most powerful earldoms in medieval England. Since 1301 the title has generally been granted to heirs-apparent to the English throne, and from the late 14th century it has been given only in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales.- Honour of Chester :The...

, his estates were returned to the Crown towards paying for the earldom. Around 1120, Henry I
Henry I of England
Henry I was the fourth son of William I of England. He succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100 and defeated his eldest brother, Robert Curthose, to become Duke of Normandy in 1106...

 gave the Barony of Copeland
Copeland, Cumbria
Copeland is a local government district and borough in western Cumbria, England. Its council is based in Whitehaven. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the borough of Whitehaven, Ennerdale Rural District and Millom Rural District....

 to Ranulph’s brother William le Meschines who made his home at Egremont and began to build the castle, which took approximately 150 years to complete. The Barony was inherited by William’s son Ranulph le Meschines. With Ranulph having no male heir, the Barony passed to his sister Alice, who married William Fitzduncan; they had a child who, after his death, became known as “the Boy of Egremont”; again, with no living male heir, William Fitzduncan’s estates passed to his three daughters Annabel, Cecily and Alice.

The estates passed down to Annabel’s son Richard de Lucy. Richard’s two daughters married two brothers of the de Multon
Baron Multon of Egremont
The title Baron Multon de/of Egremont was created once in the Peerage of England. On 6 February 1299 Thomas de Multon was summoned to parliament. On the death of the second baron, the barony fell into abeyance in 1334.-Barons Multon de Egremont :...

 family, Alice (now called de Morville) married Alan de Multon and Annabel (also now called de Morville) married Lambert de Multon. Annabel and Lambert de Multon inherited the Barony of Copeland and again, the castle had a lord in residence.

Around 1205, the tale of Grunwilda was told; she was the wife of Richard de Lucy and was killed by a wolf on a hunting trip; this tale is recounted in the poem “The Woeful Chase”. Again leaving no male heir, Richard died and the superstition began that no male heir should inherit Egremont Castle because of the conduct of the forefathers. Egremont was granted its royal charter by Henry III in 1267.

When the last male Multon died in 1335, one of the co-heiresses married Thomas Lucy, grandson of Thomas Multon. Anthony, the last Lord Lucy, died in 1369, and the lands passed to his brother-in-law Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland
Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland
Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy, titular King of Mann, KG, Lord Marshal was the son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy and a descendent of Henry III of England. His mother was Mary of Lancaster, daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund, Earl of Leicester and...

, staying with the Percy family and its successors ever since. The present lord is John Max Henry Scawen Wyndham
Max Wyndham, 2nd Baron Egremont
John Max Henry Scawen Wyndham, 7th Baron Leconfield, 2nd Baron Egremont , generally known simply as Max Egremont, is a British biographer and novelist....

, Baron Egremont and Baron Leconfield
Baron Leconfield
Baron Leconfield, of Leconfield in the East Riding of the County of York, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1859 for George Wyndham. He was the eldest natural son and adopted heir of George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont...

, who lives in the family home, one of the earliest Percy possessions: Petworth House
Petworth House
Petworth House in Petworth, West Sussex, England, is a late 17th-century mansion, rebuilt in 1688 by Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, and altered in the 1870s by Anthony Salvin...

 in West Sussex
West Sussex
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering onto East Sussex , Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming...

. The dowager
Dowager
A dowager is a widow who holds a title or property, or dower, derived from her deceased husband. As an adjective, "Dowager" usually appears in association with monarchical and aristocratic titles....

 Lady Egremont, Pamela, lives at Cockermouth Castle
Cockermouth Castle
Cockermouth Castle is in the town of Cockermouth in Cumbria on a site by the junction of the Rivers Cocker and Derwent.The first castle on this site was built by the Normans in 1134. Significant additions were made in the 13th and 14th centuries. The castle played a significant role in the Wars...

.

Shootings

On 2 June 2010, the area became the centre of a search after a gunman
Cumbria shootings
The Cumbria shootings was a killing spree that occurred on 2 June 2010 when a lone gunman, Derrick Bird, killed 12 people and injured 11 others before killing himself in Cumbria, England....

 ran amok in Cumbria. Derrick Bird, a 52-year-old local driver, is known to have killed at least 12 people and two of them are reported to have been shot in Egremont.

Notable residents

  • Former 'It Bites
    It Bites
    It Bites are an English progressive rock and pop fusion band, formed in Egremont, Cumbria, England in 1982 and best known for their 1986 single "Calling All The Heroes", which gained them a Top 10 UK Singles Chart hit...

    ' front man Francis Dunnery
    Francis Dunnery
    Francis Dunnery is an English musician, singer-songwriter, record producer and record label owner. He is best known as a solo performer , and for fronting the original lineup of the band It Bites between 1982 and 1990 .Dunnery served as a sideman and...

     was born and brought up in Egremont, as were Bobby Dalton (drums) and Richard Nolan
    Dick Nolan
    Richard Nolan is a Minnesota politician.Richard Nolan may also refer to*Dick Nolan , American football player, father of Mike Nolan, former head coach of San Francisco 49ers...

     (bass). Francis's late brother, Barry, also from Egremont was also a guitarist and was part of the lineup of seventies bands Necromandus
    Necromandus
    Necromandus were a rock band from Cumberland, United Kingdom. They were formed in 1970 and were discovered by Tony Iommi of Black Sabbath in 1972. After recording one album in 1973, they split up. The album was not released until 1999. In 2007 they were mentioned in an article in Classic Rock...

     and Violinski
    Violinski
    Violinski is a rock band formed in 1977 by Electric Light Orchestra member Mik Kaminski on violins, and former member Mike de Albuquerque on guitar and vocals; plus Barry Dunnery , John Hodgson , Paul Mann, John Marcangelo and Iain Whitmore...

    .
  • Martin Hodgson
    Martin Hodgson
    Martin Hodgson was an English rugby league footballer of the 1920s and 30s. He was, without doubt, one of the game's greatest ever second row forwards and represented both Cumberland and Great Britain on many occasions, and also toured Australasia in 1932 and 1936 with the Great Britain tourists.A...

    , the 1930s rugby league
    Rugby league
    Rugby league football, usually called rugby league, is a full contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular grass field. One of the two codes of rugby football, it originated in England in 1895 by a split from Rugby Football Union over paying players...

     all-time-great forward for Swinton
    Swinton Lions
    Swinton Lions is an English professional rugby league club from Swinton, Greater Manchester. The club has won the Championship six times and three Challenge Cups. They currently play in the Championship.-Early years:...

    , Cumberland
    Cumberland
    Cumberland is a historic county of North West England, on the border with Scotland, from the 12th century until 1974. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 and now forms part of Cumbria....

     and Great Britain
    Great Britain
    Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...

     was born (1909) and bred in the town.
  • Rob Purdham
    Rob Purdham
    Rob Purdham is a retired English professional rugby league footballer. An England international representative loose forward, he previously played for Whitehaven and Harlequins. Purdham can also operate as a stand-off, as a centre or in the second row. He has even played international football at...

    , international Rugby League player, was born in Egremont in 1980.
  • Matt Henney, a football player in the Conference National
    Conference National
    Conference National is the top division of the Football Conference in England. It is the highest level of the National League System and fifth highest of the overall English football league system...

     league for Barrow AFC, currently lives in the town.
  • John Lindow Calderwood
    John Lindow Calderwood
    John Lindow Calderwood CBE was an English solicitor, a British Army officer and an independent politician in Wiltshire, in the west of England, chairman of Wiltshire County Council from 1949 until his death in 1960....

    , lawyer & politician, was born and brought up in Egremont, where his father was a local doctor.

External links

  • Visit Egremont - official Egremont information website
  • Virtual Egremont - website of the Egremont and Area Regeneration Partnership with listings, what's on, news, cycling and walking routes and links to Creative Egremont, the town's innovative cultural programme.
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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