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Consumer protection is a form of government regulation
Regulation

Regulation refers to "controlling human or societal behaviour by rules or restrictions." Regulation can take many forms: law restrictions promulgated by a government authority, self-regulation, social regulation , co-regulation and market regulation....
 which protects the interests of consumer
Consumer

Consumer is a broad label that refers to any individuals or household that use Good generated within the economic system. The concept of a consumer is used in different contexts, so that the usage and significance of the term may vary....
s. For example, a government may require businesses to disclose detailed information about products—particularly in areas where safety or public health is an issue, such as food. Consumer protection is linked to the idea of consumer rights (that consumers have various rights as consumers), and to the formation of consumer organization
Consumer organization

Consumer organizations are advocacy groups that seek to protect people from corporate abuse. Unsafe products, predatory lending, false advertising, astroturfing and pollution are all examples of corporate abuse....
s which help consumers make better choices in the marketplace.

Consumer interests can also be protected by promoting competition in the markets which directly and indirectly serve consumers, consistent with economic efficiency, but this topic is treated in Competition law
Competition law

Competition law, known in the United States as antitrust law, has three main elements:*prohibiting agreements or practices that restrict free trading and competition between business entities....
.

Consumer protection can also be asserted via non-government organizations and individuals as consumer activism
Consumer activism

Consumer activism is activism undertaken on behalf of consumers, to assert consumer rights....
.

onsumer protection law or consumer law is considered an area of public law
Public law

Public law is a theory of law governing the relationship between individuals and the state. Under this theory, Constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law are sub-divisions of public law....
 that regulates private law
Private law

Private law is that part of a legal system that involves relationships between individuals. This includes the law of contracts or torts and the law of obligations....
 relationships between individual consumers and the businesses that sell those goods and services.






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Encyclopedia


Consumer protection is a form of government regulation
Regulation

Regulation refers to "controlling human or societal behaviour by rules or restrictions." Regulation can take many forms: law restrictions promulgated by a government authority, self-regulation, social regulation , co-regulation and market regulation....
 which protects the interests of consumer
Consumer

Consumer is a broad label that refers to any individuals or household that use Good generated within the economic system. The concept of a consumer is used in different contexts, so that the usage and significance of the term may vary....
s. For example, a government may require businesses to disclose detailed information about products—particularly in areas where safety or public health is an issue, such as food. Consumer protection is linked to the idea of consumer rights (that consumers have various rights as consumers), and to the formation of consumer organization
Consumer organization

Consumer organizations are advocacy groups that seek to protect people from corporate abuse. Unsafe products, predatory lending, false advertising, astroturfing and pollution are all examples of corporate abuse....
s which help consumers make better choices in the marketplace.

Consumer interests can also be protected by promoting competition in the markets which directly and indirectly serve consumers, consistent with economic efficiency, but this topic is treated in Competition law
Competition law

Competition law, known in the United States as antitrust law, has three main elements:*prohibiting agreements or practices that restrict free trading and competition between business entities....
.

Consumer protection can also be asserted via non-government organizations and individuals as consumer activism
Consumer activism

Consumer activism is activism undertaken on behalf of consumers, to assert consumer rights....
.

Consumer law

Consumer protection law or consumer law is considered an area of public law
Public law

Public law is a theory of law governing the relationship between individuals and the state. Under this theory, Constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law are sub-divisions of public law....
 that regulates private law
Private law

Private law is that part of a legal system that involves relationships between individuals. This includes the law of contracts or torts and the law of obligations....
 relationships between individual consumers and the businesses that sell those goods and services. Consumer protection covers a wide range of topics, including but not necessarily limited to product liability
Product liability

Product liability is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause....
, privacy rights, unfair business practices
Unfair business practices

Unfair business practices encompass fraud, misrepresentation, and oppressive or unconscionability acts or practices by business, often against consumers and are prohibited by law in many countries....
, fraud
Fraud

In the broadest sense, a fraud is a deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual. The specific legal definition varies by legal jurisdiction....
, misrepresentation
Misrepresentation

Misrepresentation is a contract law concept. It means a false statement of fact made by one party to another party, which has the effect of inducing that party into the contract....
, and other consumer/business interactions.

Such laws deal with credit repair, debt repair, product safety, service contracts, bill collector regulation, pricing, utility turnoffs, consolidation, personal loans that may lead to bankruptcy
Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay its creditors. Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against a debtor in an effort to recoup a portion of what they are owed or initiate a restructuring....
 and much more.

In specific countries


United States
Cdcacarrepairnotice
In the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 a variety of laws at both the federal or state levels regulate consumer affairs. Among them are the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act

The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act , et seq., is a United States statute added in 1978 as Title VIII of the Consumer Credit Protection Act....
, the Fair Credit Reporting Act
Fair Credit Reporting Act

The Fair Credit Reporting Act is an United States federal law that regulates the collection, dissemination, and use of consumer credit information....
, Truth in Lending Act
Truth in Lending Act

The Truth in Lending Act of 1968 is a United States federal law designed to protect Consumer law in credit transactions, by requiring clear disclosure of key terms of the lending arrangement and all costs....
, Fair Credit Billing Act
Fair Credit Billing Act

The Fair Credit Billing Act is a United States federal law enacted as an amendment to the Truth in Lending Act . Its purpose is to protect consumers from unfair billing practices and to provide a mechanism for addressing billing errors in "open end" Credit accounts, such as credit card or charge card accounts....
, and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, also known as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act, , is an Act of Congress of the United States Congress which repealed part of the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, opening up competition among banks, security companies and insurance companies....
. Federal consumer protection laws are mainly enforced by the Federal Trade Commission
Federal Trade Commission

The Federal Trade Commission is an Independent agencies of the United States government, established in 1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act....
 and the U.S. Department of Justice.

At the state level, many states have a Department of Consumer Affairs devoted to regulating certain industries and protecting consumers who use goods and services from those industries.

For example, in the U.S. state
U.S. state

A U.S. state is any one of the 50 state of the United States that share sovereignty with the federal government of the United States . Because of this shared sovereignty, an United States is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of Domicile ....
 of California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
, the California Department of Consumer Affairs
California Department of Consumer Affairs

File:Californiadepartmentofconsumeraffairsheadquarters.jpgFile:Californiadcabldg.jpgThe California Department of Consumer Affairs is a government agency in the U.S....
 regulates about 2.3 million professionals in over 230 different professions, through its forty regulatory entities.

In addition, California encourages its consumers to act as private attorneys general
Private attorney general

The term private attorney general is usually used today in the United states law to refer to a private party who brings a lawsuit that is considered to be in the public interest, i.e....
 through the liberal provisions of its Consumers Legal Remedies Act, Cal. Civil Code § 1750 et seq.

California has the nation's strongest consumer protection laws, partly because of rigorous advocacy and lobbying by groups such as Utility Consumers' Action Network, Consumer Federation of California
Consumer Federation of California

The Consumer Federation of California was founded in 1960 as a non-profit consumer advocacy organization. CFC campaigns for state and federal laws and appears at the California State Legislature in support of consumer focused regulations....
 and Privacy Rights Clearinghouse
Privacy Rights Clearinghouse

Privacy Rights Clearinghouse is a project of the , an United States 501 non-profit consumer advocacy organization. The Privacy Rights Clearinghouse is devoted to upholding the right to privacy and protecting consumers against identity theft and other privacy crimes....
.

European Union
The European Union
European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
 has been very active in the field of consumer protection, producing a considerable volume of Directives which require member states to regulate consumer protection to a particular standard (which may or may not allow a higher standard of regulation).

A very important innovation has been the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive. Also Directives on Unfair Contract Terms (93/13/EC)
Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999

The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999, Statutory Instrument 1999/2083, incorporates European Directive 93/13/EC into law of the United Kingdom....
 and Electronic Commerce (2000/13/EC)
Electronic Commerce Regulations 2002

The Electronic Commerce Regulations 2002, Statutory Instrument 2000/2013, incorporates European Directive 2000/31/EC into the law of the United Kingdom....
. There exists a European Commissioner for Consumer Protection
European Commissioner for Consumer Protection

The Commissioner for Consumer Protection is the member of the European Commission responsible for consumer protection. The current Commissioner is Meglena Kuneva ....
, a post currently held by the Bulgaria
Bulgaria

The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
n Meglena Kuneva
Meglena Kuneva

Meglena Shtilianova Kuneva is a Bulgarians and EU politician.Born in Sofia, Kuneva graduated in Law from Sofia University in 1981. In 1984 she became a Doctor of Law....
.

Germany
The Federal Republic of Germany is a member state of the European Union
European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
 and is bound by the consumer protection directives of the European Union
European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
. Thus a large part of German consumer protection law has been enacted pursuant to European Directives (e.g. the directives on door-to-door sales, consumer credits, distance selling, package tours, product liability etc.). In 2002, a large part of this legislation was integrated into the German Civil Code ("Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

The B?rgerliches Gesetzbuch is the civil code of Germany. In development since 1881, it became effective on January 1 1900, and was considered a massive and groundbreaking project....
").

A minister of the federal cabinet is responsible for consumer rights and protection (Verbraucherschutzminister). In the current cabinet of Angela Merkel
Angela Merkel

, is the Chancellor of Germany . Merkel, elected to the Bundestag from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, has been the chairwoman of the Christian Democratic Union since 9 April 2000, and Chairwoman of the CDU-CSU parliamentary party group from 2002 to 2005....
, this is Horst Seehofer
Horst Seehofer

Horst Lorenz Seehofer is a Germany politician . He was Federal Minister for Health and Social Security from 1992 to 1998 and served as Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection in the cabinet of Germany of Angela Merkel from 2005 to 2008....
.

When issuing public warnings about products and services, the issuing authority has to take into account that this affects the supplier's constitutionally protected economic liberty (article 12 Basic Law
Basic Law

The term basic law is used in some places as an alternative to "constitution", implying it is a temporary but necessary measure without formal enactment of constitution....
, see Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Federal Administrative Court).

United Kingdom
The United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 is a member state of the European Union
European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
 and so is bound by the consumer protection directives of the European Union
European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
. Domestic (UK) law
LAW

LAW may refer to:* Anti-tank warfare, e.g. the US Army M72 LAW or the British Army LAW 80*Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights ...
s originated within the ambit of contract
Contract

A contract is an exchange of promises between two or more parties to do, or refrain from doing, an act which is enforceable in a court of law. It is a binding legal agreement....
 and tort
Tort

Tort law is the name given to a body of law that addresses, and provides remedies for, civil wrongs not arising out of contractual obligations. A person who suffers legal damages may be able to use tort law to receive compensation from someone who is liability, or "liable," for those injuries....
 but, with the influence of EU law, it is emerging as an independent area of law
LAW

LAW may refer to:* Anti-tank warfare, e.g. the US Army M72 LAW or the British Army LAW 80*Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights ...
. In many circumstances, where domestic law is in question, the matter judicially treated as tort
Tort

Tort law is the name given to a body of law that addresses, and provides remedies for, civil wrongs not arising out of contractual obligations. A person who suffers legal damages may be able to use tort law to receive compensation from someone who is liability, or "liable," for those injuries....
, contract
Contract

A contract is an exchange of promises between two or more parties to do, or refrain from doing, an act which is enforceable in a court of law. It is a binding legal agreement....
, restitution
Restitution

The law of restitution is the law of gains-based recovery. It is to be contrasted with the damages, which is the law of loss-based recovery. Obligations to make restitution and obligations to pay compensation are each a type of legal response to events in the real world....
 or even criminal law
Criminal law

The term criminal law, sometimes called penal law, refers to any of various bodies of rules in different jurisdictions whose common characteristic is the potential for unique and often severe impositions as punishment for failure to comply....
.

Consumer Protection issues are dealt with when complaints are made to the Director-General of Fair Trade. The Office of Fair Trading
Office of Fair Trading

The Office of Fair Trading is a non-ministerial government department of the United Kingdom, established by the Fair Trading Act 1973, which enforces both consumer protection and competition law, acting as the UK's Economic regulation....
 will then investigate, impose an injunction or take the matter to litigation.

The Office of Fair Trading also acts as the UK's official consumer and competition watchdog, with a remit to make markets work well for consumers, and at a local, municipal level by Trading Standards departments. General consumer advice can be obtained from Consumer Direct
Consumer Direct

Consumer Direct is a Government of the United Kingdom-funded call centre providing basic consumer advice in the United Kingdom. Information is also provided on their website ....
 or via a local branch of the Citizen's Advice Bureau.

Other Commonwealth countries
In Australia
Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
 the corresponding agency is the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission

The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission is an independent authority of the government of Australia. It was established in 1995 with the amalgamation of the Australian Trade Practices Commission and the Prices Surveillance Authority to administer the Trade Practices Act 1974 ....
 or the individual State Consumer Affairs agencies. In New Zealand
New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous Islands of New Zealand, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands....
, the corresponding agency is the Ministry of Consumer Affairs and the New Zealand Commerce Commission .

Taiwan

Consumer Protection Law in Taiwan
Taiwan

Taiwan is an island in East Asia. "Taiwan" is also commonly used to refer to the country governed by the Republic of China and to the ROC itself, which governs the island of Taiwan, Orchid Island and Green Island, Taiwan in the Pacific Ocean off the Taiwan coast, the Penghu islands in the Taiwan Strait, and Kinmen and the Matsu Islands...
 is the national special law specifically protects the interest and safety of end-user using the products or services provided by business operators. Consumer Protection Commission of Executive Yuan serves as an ombudsman supervising, coordinating, reporting any unsafe products/services and periodically reviewing the legislations.

Consumer advocacy groups


Laws

  • Competition law
    Competition law

    Competition law, known in the United States as antitrust law, has three main elements:*prohibiting agreements or practices that restrict free trading and competition between business entities....

United Kingdom

  • Misrepresentations Act 1967
  • Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
    Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977

    The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which regulates contracts by restricting the operation and legality of some contract Contractual Term....
  • Sale of Goods Act 1979
    Sale of Goods Act 1979

    The Sale of Goods Act 1979 is an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which regulates contracts in which goods are sold and bought....
  • Consumer Protection Act 1987
    Consumer Protection Act 1987

    The Consumer Protection Act 1987 is an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that made important changes to the consumer law of the United Kingdom....
  • Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999
    Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999

    The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999, Statutory Instrument 1999/2083, incorporates European Directive 93/13/EC into law of the United Kingdom....
  • Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000
    Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000

    The Consumer Protection Regulations 2000, Statutory Instrument 2000/2334, incorporates European Directive into law of the United Kingdom. They apply to contracts "concluded between a supplier and a consumer under an organised distance sales or services provision scheme run by the supplier who, for the purposes of the contract, makes...
  • Electronic Commerce Regulations 2002
    Electronic Commerce Regulations 2002

    The Electronic Commerce Regulations 2002, Statutory Instrument 2000/2013, incorporates European Directive 2000/31/EC into the law of the United Kingdom....
  • General Product Safety Regulations 2005
    General Product Safety Regulations 2005

    The General Product Safety Regulations 2005 is a 2005 Statutory Instrument of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that demands that "No producer shall [supply or] place a [consumer] product on the market unless the product is a safe product" and provides broad enforcement powers....


United States

General consumer protection laws
  • Consumer Product Safety Act
    Consumer Product Safety Act

    The Consumer Product Safety Act was enacted in 1972 by the United States Congress. It established the Consumer Product Safety Commission as an Independent agencies of the United States government and defined its basic authority....
     - gives the Consumer Product Safety Commission
    Consumer Product Safety Commission

    The United States Consumer Product Safety Commission is an Independent agencies of the United States government created in 1972 through the Consumer Product Safety Act to protect "against unreasonable risks of injuries associated with consumer products." its acting chairman is Nancy Nord, a Republican....
     (CPSC) the power to develop safety standards and pursue recalls for products
  • Federal Trade Commission Act
    Federal Trade Commission Act

    The Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 established the Federal Trade Commission , a bipartisan body of five members appointed by the President of the United States for seven year terms....
     - created the Federal Trade Commission
    Federal Trade Commission

    The Federal Trade Commission is an Independent agencies of the United States government, established in 1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act....
     (FTC) to prevent unfair competition, deceptive acts, regulate trade, etc.
Privacy Laws
  • United States National Do Not Call Registry
    United States National Do Not Call Registry

    On June 27, 2003, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission opened the National Do Not Call Registry in order to comply with the Do-Not-Call Implementation Act....
     - allows US consumers to limit telemarketing calls they receive.
Food & Drug
  • Pure Food and Drug Act
    Pure Food and Drug Act

    The Pure Food and Drug Act of June 30, 1906 is a United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines....
     - led to the creation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to regulate foods, drugs, and more.
Communications
  • Communications Act of 1934
    Communications Act of 1934

    The Communications Act of 1934 was a United States federal law enacted as Public Law Number 416, Act of June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, by the 73rd Congress, codified as Chapter 5 of Title 47 of the United States Code, et seq....
     - created the Federal Communications Commission
    Federal Communications Commission

    The Federal Communications Commission is an Independent agencies of the United States government, created, directed, and empowered by United States Congress statute , and with the majority of its commissioners appointed by the current President of the United States....
     (FCC) to regulate all radio and interstate cable, phone, and satellite communications.
Banking
Bank regulation

Bank regulations are a form of government regulation which subject banks to certain requirements, restrictions and guidelines....
  • Fair Credit Reporting Act
    Fair Credit Reporting Act

    The Fair Credit Reporting Act is an United States federal law that regulates the collection, dissemination, and use of consumer credit information....
     (FRCA) - regulates the collection, dissemination, and use of consumer credit information
  • Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
    Fair Debt Collection Practices Act

    The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act , et seq., is a United States statute added in 1978 as Title VIII of the Consumer Credit Protection Act....
     (FDCPA) - eliminate abusive consumer practices, ensure fairness, etc.
  • Truth in Lending Act
    Truth in Lending Act

    The Truth in Lending Act of 1968 is a United States federal law designed to protect Consumer law in credit transactions, by requiring clear disclosure of key terms of the lending arrangement and all costs....
     (TILA) - requires clear disclosure of key terms of the lending arrangement and all costs.
Real Estate
  • Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act
    Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act

    The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, , was an Act of Congress passed by the United States Congress in 1974. It is codified at Title 12, Chapter 27 of the United States Code, ....
     (RESPA) - prohibits kickbacks and requires lenders to provide a good faith estimate of costs
Health Insurance
Health insurance in the United States

The term health insurance is commonly used in the United States to describe any program that helps pay for medical expenses, whether through privately purchased insurance, social insurance or a non-insurance Social welfare provision funded by the government....
  • Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
    Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

    The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1996. According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services website, Title I of HIPAA protects health insurance in the United States coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs....
     (HIPAA) - provides consumer protection for Health Information
Digital Media
  • Digital Millennium Copyright Act
    Digital Millennium Copyright Act

    The Digital Millennium Copyright Act is a United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization ....
     - prohibits production or sale of devices or services intended to circumvent copyright measures.
  • Digital Media Consumers' Rights Act (proposed) - would repeal the Digital Millennium Copyright Act
    Digital Millennium Copyright Act

    The Digital Millennium Copyright Act is a United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization ....
Articles needed
  • Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices (UDAP)
  • Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act (UDTPA)
  • Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994 (HOEPA)


Australia

  • Trade Practices Act 1974
    Trade Practices Act 1974

    is an Statute of the Parliament of Australia. The act provides for protection of consumers and prevents some restrictive trade practices of companies....


See also


People

  • Florence Kelley
    Florence Kelley

    Florence Kelley was a social and political reformer from Philadelphia. Her work with childrens' rights is widely regarded today....
  • Ralph Nader
    Ralph Nader

    Ralph Nader is an American attorney at law, author, lecturer, political activism, and perennial candidate for presidency as an independent candidate for President of the United States in United States presidential election, 2004 and United States presidential election, 2008, and a Green Party candidate in 1996 and 2000....
  • Michael Vernon
    Michael Vernon

    Michael 'Mike' Vernon A.M. was a prominent Australian consumer activist. Vernon was born in Portsmouth, United Kingdom in 1932 to John Ernest Vernon and Caroline Vernon ....
  • Curtis Arnold
    Curtis Arnold

    Curtis Arnold is a Consumer education and Consumer protection. Curtis was born in Klamath Falls, Oregon and was raised in DeValls Bluff, Arkansas....
  • Herb Denenberg


Consumer issues

  • Antitrust
    Antitrust

    United States antitrust law is the body of laws that prohibits anti-competitive behavior and unfair business practices. Antitrust laws are designed to encourage competition in the marketplace....
  • Class action
    Class action

    In law, a class action or a representative action is a form of lawsuit where a large group of people collectively bring a claim to court. This form of collective lawsuit originated in the United States and is still predominately a US phenomenon, at least the US variant of it....
  • Competition policy
  • Competition regulator
    Competition regulator

    A competition regulator is a government agency, typically a creature of statute, sometimes called an Regulator , which administrative laws and enforces competition laws, and may sometimes also enforce consumer protection laws....
  • Consumer Protection Federal Agency
  • Credit
    Credit

    Credit may refer to:*Debits and credits, a type of book keeping entry*Credit , acknowledging the ideas or other work of writers and contributors...
     and debt
    Debt

    Debt is that which is owed; usually referencing assets owed, but the term can cover other obligations. In the case of assets, debt is a means of using future purchasing power in the present before a summation has been earned....
  • Extended warranty
    Extended warranty

    An extended warranty, sometimes called a service agreement, a service contract, or a maintenance agreement, is a prolonged warranty offered to consumers....
  • Federal Consumer Attorney
  • Fairtrade labelling
    Fairtrade labelling

    Fairtrade certification is a product certification system designed to allow people to identify Product that meet agreed environmental, labour and developmental standards....
  • Food safety
    Food safety

    Food safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, food processing, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness. This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health....
  • Mandatory labelling
    Mandatory labelling

    Mandatory labelling or labeling is the requirement of consumer products to state their ingredients or components.Moral purchasing and problems like allergy are two things which are enabled by labelling....
  • Product recall
    Product recall

    A product recall is a request to return to the maker a batch or an entire production run of a product, usually due to the discovery of safety issues....
  • Transparency (market)
    Transparency (market)

    In economics, a market is transparent if much is known by many about:* What products, services or capital assets are supply.* What price....
  • Unfair competition
    Unfair competition

    Unfair competition in commercial law can refer to any of various distinct areas of law which may give rise to distinct criminal offences and civil Cause of action:...


External links

  • [https://rn.ftc.gov/pls/dod/wsolcq$.startup?Z_ORG_CODE=PU01 Consumer Complaint Form, U.S. Federal Trade Commission]
  • [https://www.consumer.ago.mo.gov/ Consumer Complaint Form] Missouri Attorney General
    Missouri Attorney General

    The Office of the Missouri Attorney General was created in 1806 when Missouri was part of the Louisiana Territory. Missouri's first Constitution in 1820 provided for an appointed Attorney General, but since the 1865 Constitution, the Attorney General has been elected....