Chronological list of saints and blesseds: 17
Encyclopedia
A list of 17th century saints:
| Name | Birth | Birthplace | Death | Place of death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anne Line Anne Line Saint Anne Line was an English martyr who was executed during the reign of Elizabeth I for harbouring a priest. She was born in 1567, the second daughter of Heigham, Esq., of Essex, a strict Calvinist, and was, together with her brother William, disinherited for converting to Catholicism... |
1601 | ||||
| Germaine Cousin Germaine Cousin Saint Germaine Cousin is a French saint. She was born in 1579 of humble parents at Pibrac, a village about ten miles from Toulouse.Of her, the Catholic Encyclopedia writes:... |
1579 | 1601 | |||
| Blessed John Pibush John Pibush John Pibush was an English Catholic priest. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929.-Life:... |
1601 | ||||
| Blessed Mark Barkworth Mark Barkworth Mark Barkworth was a Catholic priest and martyr .He was born about 1572 at Searby in Lincolnshire. He studied for a time at Oxford, though no record remains of his stay there. He was received into the Catholic Church at Douai in 1593, by Father George, a Flemish Jesuit and entered the College... |
1572 | 1601 | |||
| Blessed Robert Middleton | 1571 | 1601 | |||
| Blessed Roger Filcock | 1570 | 1601 | |||
| Blessed Andrew Hibernon | 1534 | 1602 | |||
| Blessed Dominic Collins Dominic Collins The blessed Dominic Collins, born in 1566 in Youghal, County Cork, Ireland, and executed on the 31 October 1602 in Youghal, was a Jesuit brother, ex-army man, who died for his Catholic faith. He was beatified as a martyr by John-Paul II on the 27 September 1992.-Life:Born of an Irish noble family,... |
1566 | 1602 | |||
| Blessed Francis Page Francis Page Francis Page may refer to:*Francis Page , Roman Catholic priest condemned to death at the same time as James Duckett *Francis Page , MP for Huntingdon and a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas and King's Bench... |
1602 | ||||
| Blessed James Duckett James Duckett James Duckett was an English Catholic layman and martyr .Born at Gilfortrigs in the parish of Skelsmergh in Westmorland at an unknown date, he became a bookseller and publisher in London. Brought up a Protestant, he was lent a Catholic book by a friend when serving his apprenticeship in London and... |
1602 | ||||
| Blessed Robert Watkinson | 1579 | 1602 | |||
| Blessed William Richardson William Richardson (martyr) Blessed William Richardson was a sixteenth-century Roman Catholic English martyr.Richardson was born in the village of Wales, South Yorkshire. He studied for the Roman Catholic priesthood at seminaries in Valladolid and then Seville, both in Spain. He was ordained sometime between 1594 and 1600... (Anderson) |
1603 | ||||
| Seraphino Seraphin of Montegranaro Saint Seraphin of Montegranaro is an Italian saint. Born Felice de Nicola at Montegranaro of a poor, pious family, in his youth he was employed as a shepherd, an occupation which gave him much leisure for prayer and other pious exercises. Upon the death of his parents, he was subjected to harsh... |
1540 | 1604 | |||
| Blessed Caspar de Bono | 1530 | 1604 | |||
| Blessed Juvenal Ancina | 1545 | 1604 | |||
| Blessed Thomas Welbourne Thomas Welbourne Thomas Welbourne was an English Roman Catholic teacher. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929.-Life:... |
1605 | ||||
| Blessed William Browne | 1605 | ||||
| Nicholas Owen | 1606 | ||||
| Turibius Alfonso of Mogrovejo | 1538 | 1606 | |||
| Blessed Edward Oldcorne Edward Oldcorne Blessed Edward Oldcorne or Oldcorn alias Hall was an English Jesuit priest. He was known to people who knew of the Gunpowder Plot to destroy the Parliament of England and kill King James I, and, although his involvement is unclear, he was caught up in the subsequent investigation... |
1561 | 1606 | |||
| Blessed Julian of Saint Augustine | 1606 | ||||
| Blessed Ralph Ashley Ralph Ashley Blessed Ralph Ashley was an English Jesuit lay-brother who became involved with the aftermath of the Gunpowder Plot. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929.-Life:... |
1606 | ||||
| Mary Magdalene de Pazzi | 1566 | 1607 | |||
| Blessed Robert Drury Robert Drury (priest) Robert Drury was an English Roman Catholic priest, executed for treason. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1987.-Life:He was born of a Buckinghamshire family and was received into the English College at Reims, 1 April 1588... |
1567 | 1607 | |||
| Andrew Avellino Andrew Avellino Saint Andrew Avellino was an Italian saint. Born at Castronuovo, a small town in Sicily, his baptismal name was Lancelotto, which out of love for the cross he changed into Andrew when he entered the Order of Theatines.-Life:From his early youth he was a great lover of chastity... |
1521 | 1608 | |||
| Francis Caracciolo Francis Caracciolo Saint Francis Caracciolo , born Ascanio Pisquizio, was an Italian Catholic priest who co-founded the Congregation of the Minor Clerics Regular with Venerable John Augustine Adorno. He decided to adopt a religious life at the age of 22.-Biography:St Francis Caracciolo was born in Villa Santa Maria... |
1563 | 1608 | |||
| Thomas Garnet Thomas Garnet Saint Thomas Garnet was a Jesuit priest. He is the protomartyr of Saint Omer and therefore of Stonyhurst College. He was executed at Tyburn and is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.-Thomas Garnet's family:Thomas Garnet was born into a prominent family... |
1575 | 1608 | |||
| Blessed George Gervase George Gervase Blessed George Gervase was an English Benedictine priest who worked as a missionary in England during the period of recusancy. He was martyred at Tyburn.... |
1569 | 1608 | |||
| Blessed Matthew Flathers | 1580 | 1608 | |||
| John Leonardi John Leonardi Saint John Leonardi was founder of the Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Lucca. He was born in the City-state of Lucca, Tuscany, in the year 1541. He was ordained as a priest in 1572. He first dedicated himself to the Christian formation of young people in his parish... |
1541 | 1609 | |||
| Francis Solano | 1549 | 1610 | |||
| John Roberts | 1577 | 1610 | |||
| Blessed Roger Cadwallador Roger Cadwallador Roger Cadwallador was an English Roman Catholic priest. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1987.-Life:... |
1565 | 1610 | |||
| Blessed Thomas Somers | 1610 | ||||
| John de Ribera | 1532 | 1611 | |||
| John Almond John Almond John Almond was a Cistercian monk. He is commemorated as a Confessor of the Faith in the Roman Catholic Church, and his name has been included in the supplementary process of the English Martyrs.... |
1612 | ||||
| Joseph of Leonissa | 1612 | ||||
| Blessed Conor O'Devany Conor O'Devany Conchobhar O'Duibheannaigh, aka The Blessed Conor O'Devany was an Irish Catholic bishop, being the Lord Bishop of Down and Connor... |
1533 | 1612 | Bishop of Down Down Down may refer to:* Relative direction, where down is the direction towards the centre of gravity of a celestial object.* Railroad directions, where down and up have locally significant meanings... |
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| Blessed Joseph of Leonissa | 1556 | 1612 | |||
| Blessed Patrick O'Loughran Patrick O'Loughran Patrick O'Loughran was a priest of the archdiocese of Armagh and an Irish Catholic Martyr.... |
1612 | ||||
| Blessed Richard Newport Richard Newport Richard Newport may refer to:*Richard Newport, 1st Baron Newport , English peer, MP for Shropshire in 1614, 1624–1629 and for Shrewsbury*Richard Newport, 2nd Earl of Bradford , English peer and MP for Shropshire 1670–1685 and 1689–1698... |
1612 | ||||
| Blessed William Scott William Scott William Scott may refer to:* William Scott , MP for Kent * William Scott, 1st Baron Stowell , English judge and jurist* William Scott , American silent film actor... |
1612 | ||||
| Juan Bautista of the Conception (Juan Garcia Gijon) | 1561 | 1613 | |||
| Blessed Regina Prottman | 1552 | 1613 | |||
| Camillus de Lellis Camillus de Lellis Saint Camillus de Lellis, M.I., was an Italian priest who founded a religious Order dedicated to the care of the sick.-Early life:... |
1614 | ||||
| Blessed Peter of the Assumption (Peter of Cuerva) | 1614 | ||||
| John Ogilvie Saint John Ogilvie Saint John Ogilvie was a Scottish Roman Catholic Jesuit martyr.-Biography:Ogilvie, the son of a wealthy laird, was born into a respected Calvinist family at Drum-na-Keith near Keith in Banffshire, Scotland and was educated in mainland Europe where he attended a number of Roman Catholic educational... |
1580 | 1615 | |||
| Bernardino Realino | 1530 | 1616 | |||
| Blessed Sebastian Montanol | 1616 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Atkinson | 1546 | 1616 | |||
| Blessed Thomas Maxfield Thomas Maxfield Thomas Maxfield was an English Roman Catholic priest. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929.-Life:... |
1590 | 1616 | |||
| Blessed Thomas Tunstal | 1616 | ||||
| Blesseds John Thules and Roger Wrenno | 1568 | 1616 | |||
| Alphonsus Rodriguez Alphonsus Rodriguez Saint Alphonsus Rodríguez was a Spanish Jesuit lay brother, now venerated as a saint. He was a native of Segovia. He is sometimes confused with Fr... |
1531 | 1617 | |||
| John Baptist Machado | 1617 | ||||
| Leo Tanaka | 1617 | ||||
| Rose of Lima Rose of Lima Rose of Lima, , the first Catholic saint of the Americas, was born in Lima, Peru.-Biography:Saint Rose of Lima was born in the city of that name, the daughter of Gaspar Flores, a harquebusier from San German, Puerto Rico, and his wife, Maria de Oliva, who was a native of Lima. She was part of a... |
1586 | 1617 | |||
| Blessed Alphonsus Navarette | 1617 | ||||
| Blessed Andrew Sushinda | 1617 | ||||
| Blessed Caspar Hikojiro and Andrew Yoshida | 1617 | ||||
| Blessed Ferdinand Ayala | 1617 | ||||
| Blessed John Baptist Maciado | 1580 | 1617 | |||
| Blessed Leo Tanaca | 1617 | ||||
| Blessed Maria Victoria of Fornari-Strata | 1562 | 1617 | |||
| Blessed Victoria Strata | 1562 | 1617 | |||
| Blessed John of Saint Martha | 1578 | 1618 | |||
| Blessed William Southerne William Southerne William Southerne was an English Roman Catholic priest. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1987.-Life:... |
1579 | 1618 | |||
| Lawrence of Brindisi Lawrence of Brindisi Saint Lawrence of Brindisi, O.F.M. Cap., , born Giulio Cesare Russo, was a Catholic priest and a member of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin.... |
1559 | 1619 | |||
| Blessed Alexius Nakamura | 1619 | ||||
| Blessed Andrew Tokuan | 1619 | ||||
| Blessed Anthony Kimura | 1619 | ||||
| Blessed Bartholomew Sheki | 1619 | ||||
| Blessed Dominic Jories | 1619 | ||||
| Blessed Hippolytus Galantini | 1565 | 1619 | |||
| Blessed John Ivanango and John Montajana | 1619 | ||||
| Blessed John Shoun | 1619 | ||||
| Blessed Leo Nakanishi | 1619 | ||||
| Blessed Leonard Kimura and Companions | 1619 | ||||
| Blessed Matthias Kosaka and Matthias Nakano | 1619 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Takeshita | 1594 | 1619 | |||
| Blessed Michael Takexitasa Canghai | 1619 | ||||
| Blessed Romanus Romanus Romanus , hellenized as Romanos was a Roman cognomen and can refer to:*Aquila Romanus, Latin grammarian*Romanus , a comes Africae, rebelled against by Firmus -Saints:... |
1619 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Kotenda and Companions | 1619 | ||||
| Blesseds Mary Tokuan and Mary Choun | 1619 | ||||
| John Sarkander John Sarkander Saint John Sarkander was a Polish and Moravian priest.Sarkander studied since 1597 at the University of Olomouc and then since 1600 at the Charles University, where he became doctor of philosophy. Later, he studied theology at University of Graz. He was ordained in 1609 and worked in Holešov from... |
1576 | Skoczów Skoczów Skoczów is a town and the seat of Gmina Skoczów in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 14,783 inhabitants . It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.... , Poland Poland Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north... |
1620 | Olomouc Olomouc Olomouc is a city in Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic. The city is located on the Morava river and is the ecclesiastical metropolis and historical capital city of Moravia. Nowadays, it is an administrative centre of the Olomouc Region and sixth largest city in the Czech Republic... , Czech Republic Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest.... |
Martyr, priest Priesthood (Catholic Church) The ministerial orders of the Catholic Church include the orders of bishops, deacons and presbyters, which in Latin is sacerdos. The ordained priesthood and common priesthood are different in function and essence.... |
| Blessed Ambrose Fernandez | 1551 | 1620 | |||
| Blessed James Guengoro | 1620 | ||||
| Blessed Mary Guengoro | 1620 | ||||
| Blessed Mary Magdalen Kiota | 1620 | ||||
| Blessed Matthias of Arima | 1571 | 1620 | |||
| Blessed Simon Kiyota Bokusai and Companions | 1620 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Guengoro | 1620 | ||||
| John Berchmans John Berchmans Saint John Berchmans was a Jesuit seminarian and is a saint in the Roman Catholic Church. He is the patron saint of altar servers.-Early life:... |
1599 | 1621 | |||
| Robert Bellarmine Robert Bellarmine Robert Bellarmine was an Italian Jesuit and a Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was one of the most important figures in the Counter-Reformation... |
1542 | 1621 | Bishop of Capua | ||
| Blessed Francis Taylor Francis Taylor (martyr) Blessed Francis Taylor was a Mayor of Dublin, Ireland, incarcerated because of his Catholicism.... (Tailler) |
1621 | ||||
| Dominic Shamada | 1622 | ||||
| Fidelis of Sigmaringen Fidelis of Sigmaringen Fidelis of Sigmaringen was a Capuchin friar martyred in the Counter-Reformation at Seewis im Prättigau, Switzerland.-Early life:... |
1577 | 1622 | |||
| Francis de Morales | 1622 | ||||
| Francis de Sales Francis de Sales Francis de Sales was Bishop of Geneva and is a Roman Catholic saint. He worked to convert Protestants back to Catholicism, and was an accomplished preacher... |
1567 | 1622 | Bishop of Geneva Geneva Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland... |
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| Francis of St. Bonaventure | 1622 | ||||
| Joseph of St. Hyacinth | 1622 | ||||
| Leo Satsuma | 1622 | ||||
| Peter Paul of St. Claire | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Agnes Takea | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Agnes Tsao-Kouy | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Alexius Alexius Alexius is the Latinized form of the given name Alexios , especially common in the later Byzantine Empire. Variants include Alexis with the Russian Aleksey and its Ukrainian counterpart Oleksa/Oleksiy deriving from this form... |
1622 | ||||
| Blessed Alphonsus de Mena | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Angelus Orsucci | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Anthony Kiun | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Anthony of Korea | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Anthony Sanga | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Anthony Vom | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Apollinaris Franco | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Augustine Ota | 1570 | 1622 | |||
| Blessed Bartholomew Monfiore | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Bartholomew Shikiemon | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Camillus Constanzi | 1572 | 1622 | |||
| Blessed Caspar Kotenda | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Charles Spinola Charles Spinola Father Charles Spinola or Blessed Charles Spinola was born in Genoa in 1564, the son of the Count of Tassarolo, and the nephew of Cardinal Philip Spinola. He was educated in Spain and in the Jesuit school in Nola, Italy. He entered the noviatiate in 1584, and was ordained in 1594. In 1596, he... |
1564 | 1622 | |||
| Blessed Damien Yamiki | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Dionysius Fugishima | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Dominic Nakano | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Dominic of Fiunga | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Dominic of the Holy Rosary | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Francis Chakichi | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Francis Takea | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Gundislavus Fusai | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Hyacinth Orfanel | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed James Denshi | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed John Inamura | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed John Kingoku | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed John of Korea | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Lawrence Rokuyemon | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Leo Suchiemon | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Louis Chakichi | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Louis Flores | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Louis Kawara | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Lucy Chakichi | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Lucy de Freitas | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Mancius of St. Thomas | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Mary Tanaura | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Matthias of Arima | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Diaz | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Shumpo | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Yamiki | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Paul Navarro | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Paul Sanchiki | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Paul Tanaka | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Peter Ikiemon | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Peter Nangashi | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Peter of Avila | 1562 | 1622 | |||
| Blessed Peter Onizuko | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Peter Sampo | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Peter Sanga | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Peter Shichiyemon | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Peter Zuniga | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Richard of St. Ann | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Sebastian Kimura | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Thecla Nangashi | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Akafuji | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Koyanangi | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas of the Holy Rosary | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas of the Holy Spirit | 1622 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Sherwood Thomas Sherwood Blessed Thomas Sherwood was a Catholic layman and martyr.-Life:Sherwood was born in London of Catholic parents and began his adult life as a woollen draper. He eventually decided to travel to the new English College at Douai and study for the priesthood in 1576... |
1622 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Zumarraga | 1622 | ||||
| Blesseds Apollinaris Franco and companions | 1622 | ||||
| Blesseds Louis Louis -Surname:* Arthur Louis , British musician whose surname is pronounced 'Lewis'* Thomas Louis , British naval officer* Pierre Louÿs , French writer* Spyridon Louis , Greek runner... |
1622 | ||||
| Francis Galvez | 1623 | ||||
| Josaphat Kuntsevych | 1580 | 1623 | Bishop of Polotsk | ||
| Blessed Jerome de Angelis Jerome de Angelis Jerome de Angelis was an Italian Jesuit missionary to Japan. He was beatified in 1867.-Life:He entered the Society of Jesus in 1585, and in 1602 began his mission in Japan... |
1568 | 1623 | |||
| Blessed Simon Yempo | 1580 | 1623 | |||
| Simón de Rojas Simón de Rojas Saint Simón de Rojas O.SS was a Spanish priest of the Trinitarian Order known as the "Apostle of the Ave Maria", for his devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary... |
1552 | Valladolid Valladolid Valladolid is a historic city and municipality in north-central Spain, situated at the confluence of the Pisuerga and Esgueva rivers, and located within three wine-making regions: Ribera del Duero, Rueda and Cigales... , Spain Spain Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula... |
1624 | Madrid Madrid Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan... , Spain Spain Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula... |
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| Blessed Cajus | 1624 | ||||
| Blessed Didacus Carvalho | 1624 | ||||
| Blessed Louis Baba | 1624 | ||||
| Blessed Louis Sasanda | 1624 | ||||
| Blessed Louis Sotelo | 1624 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Carvalho | 1577 | 1624 | |||
| Blessed Peter Vasquez | 1624 | ||||
| Michael de Sanctis Michael de Sanctis Saint Michael de Sanctis , sometimes called Michael of the Saints, was a Discalced Trinitarian priest from Vic, Catalonia.... |
1591 | 1625 | |||
| Blessed Benedict of Urbino | 1625 | ||||
| Blessed Jeremy of Valacchia | 1556 | 1625 | |||
| Francis Pacheco | 1626 | ||||
| Vincent Kaun | 1626 | ||||
| Blessed Anne of Saint Bartholomew Anne of Saint Bartholomew Blessed Anne of St. Bartholomew, O.C.D., was a Spanish Discalced Carmelite nun, and companion to Saint Teresa of Avila.-Life:... |
1549 | 1626 | |||
| Blessed Balthasar de Torres | 1626 | ||||
| Blessed Caspar Sadamazu | 1626 | ||||
| Blessed Francis Pacheco | 1565 | 1626 | |||
| Blessed John Baptist Zola | 1626 | ||||
| Blessed John Kinsako | 1626 | ||||
| Blessed John Naisen | 1626 | ||||
| Blessed John Tanaka | 1626 | ||||
| Blessed Louis Onizuka Naisen | 1626 | ||||
| Blessed Matthias Araki | 1626 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Tozo | 1626 | ||||
| Blessed Monica Naisen Monica Naisen Monica Naisen, a native of Japan, was arrested for sheltering Blessed John Baptist Zola and was beheaded at Nagasaki with her husband, Blessed John Naisen. Monica was beatified in 1867.-Sources:*http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=5160... |
1626 | ||||
| Blessed Paul Shinsuki | 1626 | ||||
| Blessed Peter Rinshei | 1589 | 1626 | |||
| Blesseds Peter and Susanna Araki Chobyoye (husband and wife) | 1626 | ||||
| Francis Bizzocca | 1627 | ||||
| Francis of St. Mary | 1627 | ||||
| Gaius of Korea | 1627 | ||||
| Luke Kiemon | 1627 | ||||
| Blessed Bartholomew Laurel | 1627 | ||||
| Blessed Casper and Mary Vaz | 1627 | ||||
| Blessed Francis Kuloi | 1627 | ||||
| Blessed Francis Pinzokere | 1627 | ||||
| Blessed John Maid | 1627 | ||||
| Blessed Louis Beltran (Bertrand) and Companions | 1627 | ||||
| Blessed Louis Maki | 1627 | ||||
| Blessed Louis Someyon | 1627 | ||||
| Blessed Martin Gomez Martín Gómez Martín Gómez is a Panamanian football player who is currently playing for the Liga Panameña de Futbol side Atletico Chiriqui.-International career:... |
1627 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Kiraiemon | 1627 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Tsughi | 1627 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Tsuji | 1571 | 1627 | |||
| Blessed Thomas Vinyemon | 1627 | ||||
| Blesseds Francis of Saint Mary | 1627 | ||||
| Edmund Arrowsmith Edmund Arrowsmith Saint Edmund Arrowsmith SJ is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. The main source of information on St Edmund is a contemporary account written by an eyewitness and published a short time after his death... |
1585 | 1628 | |||
| Louis of Omura | 1628 | ||||
| Paul Aybara | 1628 | ||||
| Roch Gonzalez | 1576 | 1628 | |||
| Romanus Aybara | 1628 | ||||
| Roque González de Santa Cruz Roque González de Santa Cruz Father Roque González de Santa Cruz S.J. was born in Asunción, Paraguay on 17 November 1576. He was the son of Don Bartolomé González de Villaverde and Doña María de Santa Cruz who were Spanish nobles. Roque González spoke Guaraní fluently from an early age.... |
1576 | 1628 | |||
| Blessed Anthony of St. Bonaventure | 1588 | 1628 | |||
| Blessed Anthony of Tuy | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Dominic Nifaki | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Dominic of Nagasaki | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Dominic Shibioge | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Dominic Tomaki | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed James Fayashida | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed John Tomaki | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Lawrence Jamada | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Leo Kombiogi | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Louis Nifaki | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Matthew Alvarez | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Fimonaya | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Jamada | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Nakeshima | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Tomaki | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Paul Fimonaya | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Paul Tomaki | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Richard Herst Richard Herst Richard Herst was an English Roman Catholic recusant layman, convicted of murder. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929.... (Hurst) |
1628 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas of St. Hyacinth | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Tomaki | 1628 | ||||
| Blesseds John of Castille | 1628 | ||||
| Blessed Peter of the Holy Mother of God | 1629 | ||||
| John Kokumbuko | 1630 | ||||
| Blessed Lawrence Shizu | 1630 | ||||
| Blessed Mancius Shisisoiemon | 1630 | ||||
| Blessed Michael Kinoshi | 1630 | ||||
| Blessed Peter Kufioji | 1630 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Kufioji | 1630 | ||||
| Blessed John of Prado | 1563 | 1631 | |||
| Blessed Liborius Wagner | 1593 | 1631 | |||
| Anthony Ishida | 1570 | 1632 | Nagasaki Nagasaki is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. Nagasaki was founded by the Portuguese in the second half of the 16th century on the site of a small fishing village, formerly part of Nishisonogi District... |
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| Blessed Bartholomew Gutierrez | 1632 | ||||
| Blessed Gabriel of St. Magdalen | 1632 | ||||
| Blesseds Martin Lumbreras and Melchior Sanchez | 1632 | ||||
| Dominic Ibanez de Erquicia | 1589 | 1633 | |||
| James Kyushei Tomonaga | 1633 | ||||
| Lucas Alonso Gorda and Matthew Kohioye | 1633 | ||||
| Michael Kurobioye | 1633 | ||||
| Hyacinth Jordan Ansalone | 1598 | 1634 | |||
| Blessed Agnes Galand (Agnès de Jésus) | 1602 | 1634 | |||
| John del Prado | 1636 | ||||
| Lawrence Ruiz and Companions | 1633 | 1637 | |||
| Blessed Humilis of Bisignano Humilis of Bisignano Saint Humilis de Bisignano a Franciscan, is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church.-External links:* at Patron Saints Index* – a biography on the Vatican website... |
1582 | 1637 | |||
| Blesseds Agathangelo and Cassian | 1637 | ||||
| Agathangelo Noury | 1638 | ||||
| Blessed Denis of the Nativity Denis of the Nativity Blessed Denis of the Nativity, O.C.D. was a French sailor and cartographer for the king of Portugal, who later became a Discalced Carmelite missionary... |
1600 | Honfleur Honfleur Honfleur is a commune in the Calvados department in northwestern France. It is located on the southern bank of the estuary of the Seine across from le Havre and very close to the exit of the Pont de Normandie... , France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France... |
1638 | Malay Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula is a peninsula in Southeast Asia. The land mass runs approximately north-south and, at its terminus, is the southern-most point of the Asian mainland... |
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| Blessed Redemptus of the Cross Redemptus of the Cross Blessed Redemptus of the Cross, O.C.D. was a Portuguese lay brother in the Order of Discalced Carmelites. He was put to death with his confrère Denis of the Nativity while on a mission to Aceh in Sumatra.-Life:Tomás Rodrigues da Cunha was born in Paredes, Portugal on 15 March 1598... |
1598 | Paredes Paredes, Portugal Paredes is a city in Paredes Municipality in Portugal.The city of Paredes has about 12,654 inhabitants. It is incorporated in the civil parish of Castelões de Cepeda.... , Portugal Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the... |
1638 | Malay Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula is a peninsula in Southeast Asia. The land mass runs approximately north-south and, at its terminus, is the southern-most point of the Asian mainland... |
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| Martin de Porres Martin de Porres Martin de Porres was a lay brother of the Dominican Order who was beatified in 1837 by Pope Gregory XVI and canonized in 1962 by Pope John XXIII. He is the patron saint of mixed-race people and all those seeking interracial harmony.He was noted for work on behalf of the poor, establishing an... |
1579 | 1639 | |||
| Hyacintha Mariscotti Hyacintha Mariscotti Saint Hyacintha Mariscotti, T.O.R., or Hyacintha of Mariscotti was a nun of the Third Order Regular of St. Francis. She was born in 1585 of a noble family at Vignanello, near Viterbo in Italy, and died 30 January 1640 at Viterbo... |
1585 | 1640 | |||
| John Francis Regis John Francis Regis John Francis Regis, also known as Saint Jean-François Régis, Saint François Régis, and St. Regis, , was a French priest of the Society of Jesus, recognized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.... |
1597 | 1640 | |||
| Peter Fourier Peter Fourier Saint Peter Fourier, C.R.S.A., was a French canon regular who is honored as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, who had served as a pastor in Mattaincourt , and who also helped to found a religious congregation of canonesses dedicated to the care of poor children... |
1565 | 1640 | |||
| Blessed Maria of Jesus | 1560 | 1640 | |||
| Ambrose Edward Barlow | 1585 | 1641 | |||
| Jane Frances de Chantal Jane Frances de Chantal Saint Jane Frances de Chantal is a Roman Catholic Saint, who founded a religious order after the death of her husband.-Life:... |
1562 | 1641 | |||
| Blessed William Ward William Ward (priest) William Ward was an English Roman Catholic priest. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929.-Life:... |
1568 | 1641 | |||
| Alban Bartholomew Roe Alban Roe Saint Alban Roe was a Benedictine priest. He is remembered as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.... |
1583 | 1642 | |||
| Peter Higgins | 1601 | 1642 | |||
| Blessed Edmund Catheriek | 1642 | ||||
| Blessed Hugh Green Hugh Green (martyr) Hugh Green was an English Catholic priest who was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1929. He was also known as Ferdinand Brooks or Ferdinand Brown.... |
1584 | 1642 | |||
| Blessed John Baptist Bullaker | 1603 | 1642 | |||
| Blessed John Lockwood John Lockwood (priest) John Lockwood was an English Roman Catholic priest. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929.-Life:... (John Lascelles) |
1642 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Holland | 1600 | 1642 | |||
| Blessed Thomas Reynolds Thomas Reynolds Thomas Reynolds was the fifth Premier of South Australia, serving from 9 May 1860 to 8 October 1861.He was born in England in 1818, and on leaving school had experience in the grocery business. He came to South Australia in 1840 as an early colonist at the invitation of his brother, who had a... |
1642 | ||||
| Blessed Arthur Francis Bell | 1590 | 1643 | |||
| Blessed Henry Heath Henry Heath Henry Heath was an English Franciscan and Roman Catholic martyr.Blessed Henry was born in 1599 and baptized at St. John's, Peterborough, 16 December 1599. His father was John Heath. He attended Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, receiving a B.A. in 1621, and was made college librarian... |
1599 | 1643 | |||
| Blessed Andrew of Phu Yen Blessed Andrew of Phu Yen Blessed Andrew of Phu Yen is known as the "Protomartyr of Vietnam." Baptized in 1641, he was a dedicated assistant to Jesuit missionaries and was thus arrested in the purge of Christians launched in 1644. After refusing to abjure the faith, he was put to death in Ke Kham. Andrew was beatified by... |
1625 | 1644 | |||
| Blessed John Duckett | 1613 | 1644 | |||
| Blessed Ralph Corby (Ralph Corbington) | 1598 | 1644 | |||
| John de Massias | 1585 | 1645 | |||
| Blessed Alexander of Lugo | 1645 | ||||
| Blessed Ambrosio Francisco Ferro and companions | 1645 | ||||
| Blessed Andre de Soveral | 1572 | 1645 | |||
| Blessed Henry Morse Henry Morse Saint Henry Morse was one of the Catholic Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.-Biography:Born a Protestant in 1595 at Brome, Suffolk, England, Morse converted to Roman Catholicism at Douai, 5 June, 1614, after various journeys was ordained at Rome, and left for the mission, 19 June, 1624... |
1595 | 1645 | |||
| Mariana de Paredes | 1618 | 1645 | |||
| Blessed Edward Bamber Edward Bamber Edward Bamber was an English Roman Catholic priest. He was beatified in 1987.-Life:... |
1600 | 1646 | |||
| Blessed Philip Powell | 1594 | 1646 | |||
| Blessed Pietro Casani | 1572 | 1647 | |||
| Anthony Daniel | 1601 | 1648 | |||
| Joseph Calasanctius Joseph Calasanctius Saint Joseph Calasanctius , also known as Joseph Calasanz and Josephus a Matre Dei, was the founder of the Pious Schools and the Order of the Piarists.-The Spanish Years:... (Joseph Calasanz) |
1556 | 1648 | |||
| Blessed Francis de Capillas | 1606 | 1648 | |||
| Charles Garnier Charles Garnier (missionary) Charles Garnier, baptised in Paris on May 25, 1606, was a Jesuit missionary, who was martyred at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons on December 7, 1649.... |
1606 | 1649 | |||
| Gabriel Lalemant | 1610 | 1649 | |||
| Noel Chabanel | 1613 | 1649 | |||
| Blessed Peter Wright Peter Wright (martyr) Blessed Peter Wright was a Catholic priest, Jesuit, and martyr, born in Slipton, Northamptonshire, England.-Biography:In older literature he was presumed to be a Protestant, but more recently record of him has been found at Slipton in 1613 as a Recusant, along with his mother, brother and sister... |
1603 | 1651 | |||
| Blessed Terence Albert O'Brien Terence Albert O'Brien Terence Albert O'Brien was an Irish Roman Catholic bishop of Emly. He was beatified among the Seventeen Irish Martyrs by Pope John Paul II on September 27, 1992.-Biography:... |
1600 | 1651 | |||
| Blessed Virginia Centurione Bracelli Virginia Centurione Bracelli Saint Virginia Centurione Bracelli is a saint in the Roman Catholic Church from Genoa, Italy.Virginia was born on April 2, 1587, in Genoa, Italy to a noble family... |
1587 | 1651 | |||
| Blessed John Kearney John Kearney John Kearney is a Chicago- and Provincetown-based American artist famous for making figurative sculptures, often of animals, using multiple, found metal objects, specifically bumpers from automobiles.-Life:... |
1619 | 1653 | |||
| Blessed John Southworth | 1592 | 1654 | |||
| Peter Claver Peter Claver Peter Claver was a Jesuit who, due to his life and work, became the patron saint of slaves, Colombia and African Americans... |
1581 | 1654 | |||
| Blessed William Tirry William Tirry William Tirry was a martyred Irish Roman Catholic priest who was beatified by Pope John Paul II for his loyalty to the church.... |
1608 | 1654 | |||
| Andrew Bobola Andrew Bobola Andrew Bobola was a Polish missionary and martyr of the Society of Jesus, known as the apostle of Lithuania and the "hunter of souls".-Biography:... |
1592 | 1657 | |||
| Blessed Alain de Solminihac Alain de Solminihac Alain de Solminihac was a French Catholic religious reformer and bishop of Cahors. He was beatified in 1981.He was an Augustianian regular canon of Chancelade Abbey, Périgueux. He was a member of the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement.-Bibliography:... |
1593 | 1659 | Bishop of Cahors | ||
| Louise de Marillac Louise de Marillac Saint Louise de Marillac was the co-founder, with St. Vincent de Paul, of the Daughters of Charity. She is venerated as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.-Early life:... |
1591 | 1660 | |||
| Vincent de Paul Vincent de Paul Vincent de Paul was a priest of the Catholic Church who became dedicated to serving the poor. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion. He was canonized in 1737.... |
1581 | 1660 | |||
| John Yano | 1662 | ||||
| Blessed John Foyamon | 1662 | ||||
| Blessed John Nangata | 1662 | ||||
| Joseph of Cupertino Joseph of Cupertino Saint Joseph of Cupertino, O.F.M. Conv., was an Italian Franciscan friar who is honored as a mystic and a saint. He was said to have been remarkably unclever, but prone to miraculous levitation and intense ecstatic visions that left him gaping... |
1603 | 1663 | |||
| Blessed Maria Angela Astorch | 1592 | 1665 | |||
| Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur | 1626 | 1667 | |||
| Blessed Bernard of Corleone Bernard of Corleone Saint Bernard of Corleone is a Catholic saint who was born on the island of Sicily in the year 1605. His father was a shoemaker, and Bernard learned this trade. Upon the death of his father, he took up fencing, becoming skilled in the art. While not particularly devout in his youth, he would defend... |
1605 | 1667 | |||
| Blessed Mary Catherine de Longpre Catherine de Saint-Augustin Catherine de Saint-Augustin, born Marie-Catherine de Simon de Longpré is a Canadian Catholic saint and founder of the Hôtel-Dieu de Québec. Her feast is celebrated on May 8 and she was beatified on April 23, 1989.-References:... |
1632 | 1668 | |||
| Charles of Sezze Charles of Sezze Saint Charles of Sezze , born Giancarlo Marchioni, was an Italian Franciscan lay brother.He lived the life of a lay brother of the order, never requesting or receiving ordination to the priesthood... |
1616 | 1670 | |||
| Blessed Anthony Grassi | 1592 | 1671 | |||
| Blessed Diego Aloysius de San Vitores | 1627 | 1672 | |||
| Blessed Pedro Calungsod Pedro Calungsod Blessed Pedro Calungsod is a Filipino Roman Catholic martyr who was killed while doing missionary work in Guam in 1672. He was beatified on March 5, 2000, by Pope John Paul II. As a skilled sacristan and teacher of cathecism, he was a companion of Blessed Diego Luis de San Vitores to the Marianas... |
1655 | 1672 | |||
| Blessed Edward Coleman Edward Colman Edward Colman or Coleman was an English Catholic courtier under Charles II of England. He was hanged, drawn and quartered on a treason charge, having been implicated by Titus Oates in his false accusations concerning a Popish Plot... |
1678 | ||||
| Blessed Nicolas Roland Nicolas Roland Nicolas Roland was a French priest, canon and educator. He was a friend, contemporary and spiritual director of Saint John Baptist de La Salle.- Childhood and early years :... |
1642 | 1678 | |||
| John Kemble John Kemble (martyr) Saint John Kemble was an English Roman Catholic martyr. He was one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.-Early years and ordination:... |
1599 | 1679 | |||
| John Wall | 1679 | ||||
| Blessed Anthony Turner | 1679 | ||||
| Blessed Bridget of Jesus Morello (Brigida di Gesù Morello) | 1610 | 1679 | |||
| Blessed John Fenwick John Fenwick (Jesuit) Blessed John Fenwick, real surname Caldwell was an English Jesuit, executed at the time of the fabricated Popish Plot. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929 by Pope Pius XI.-Life:... and John Gavan John Gavan Blessed John Gavan was an English Jesuit and victim of the Popish Plot, wrongfully executed for conspiracy to murder Charles II. He was beatified in 1929.- Life :... |
1679 | ||||
| Blessed John Grove | 1679 | ||||
| Blessed Nicholas Postgate Nicholas Postgate Blessed Nicholas Postgate was an English, Catholic priest. He is one of the 85 English Catholic Martyrs of England and Wales, beatified by Blessed Pope John Paul II, in November 1987.... |
1597 | 1679 | |||
| Blessed Richard Langhorne Richard Langhorne Blessed Richard Langhorne was a barrister executed as part of the Popish Plot. He was admitted to the Inner Temple in May 1647 and called to the bar in November 1654. He provided legal and financial advice for the Jesuits.... |
1679 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Pickering | 1621 | 1679 | |||
| Blessed Thomas Whitbread Thomas Whitbread Blessed Thomas Whitbread was an English Jesuit missionary, wrongly convicted of conspiracy to murder Charles II of England. He was beatified in 1929.-Life:... |
1679 | ||||
| Blessed William Harcourt William Barrow (Jesuit) Blessed William Barrow was an English Jesuit, executed as a result of the Popish Plot, a fabricated story. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1929. By a papal decree of 4 December 1886, this martyr's cause was introduced, but under the name of "William Harcourt"... (William Barrows) |
1679 | ||||
| Blessed William Ireland (William Ironmonger) | 1636 | 1679 | |||
| Blessed William John Plessington | 1637 | 1679 | |||
| John Eudes | 1601 | 1680 | |||
| Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha Kateri Tekakwitha Kateri Tekakwitha or Catherine Tekakwitha was a Mohawk-Algonquian woman from New York and an early convert to Catholicism, who has been beatified in the Roman Catholic Church.-Her life:... |
1680 | ||||
| Blessed Thomas Thwing Thomas Thwing Blessed Thomas Thwing was an English Catholic priest and martyr.Born at Heworth Hall, near York, in 1635, he was the son of George Thwing, Esquire, of Kilton Castle, Brotton, and Heworth Hall, and was the nephew of the Catholic martyr Edward Thwing. His mother was Anne, sister of the Sir Thomas... |
1635 | 1680 | |||
| Blessed William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford Blessed William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford was the youngest son of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, and his wife, the former Alethea Talbot. He was a supporter of the Royalist cause before being implicated in the Popish Plot and executed for treason... |
1614 | 1680 | Tower Hill Tower Hill Tower Hill is an elevated spot northwest of the Tower of London, just outside the limits of the City of London, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Formerly it was part of the Tower Liberty under the direct administrative control of Tower... , London London London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its... , England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental... |
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| Oliver Plunkett Oliver Plunkett Saint Oliver Plunkett was the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland.... |
1629 | 1681 | |||
| Claude de la Colombiere Claude de la Colombière Saint Claude de la Colombière was a Roman Catholic priest and the confessor of Saint Margaret Mary Alacoque. His feast day is the day of his death, 15 February... |
1641 | 1682 | |||
| Blessed Julian Maunoir Julian Maunoir Julien Maunoir , was a French-born Jesuit priest known as the "Apostle of Brittany". He was beatified in 1951 by Pope Pius XII and is commemorated by the Roman Catholic Church on 29 January and 2 July.... |
1606 | 1683 | |||
| Blessed Bonaventure of Barcelona | 1684 | ||||
| Blessed Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo was born in Arequipa, Peru. She was a Dominican nun who was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1985. She was a cloistered nun at the Santa Catalina Monastery. Her feast day is January 10th.... |
1600 | 1686 | |||
| Blessed Nicolas Steno Nicolas Steno Nicolas Steno |Latinized]] to Nicolaus Steno -gen. Nicolai Stenonis-, Italian Niccolo' Stenone) was a Danish pioneer in both anatomy and geology. Already in 1659 he decided not to accept anything simply written in a book, instead resolving to do research himself. He is considered the father of... |
1600 | 1686 | |||
| Blessed Innocent XI Pope Innocent XI Blessed Pope Innocent XI , born Benedetto Odescalchi, was Pope from 1676 to 1689.-Early life:Benedetto Odescalchi was born at Como in 1611 , the son of a Como nobleman, Livio Odescalchi, and Paola Castelli Giovanelli from Gandino... |
1611 | 1689 | pope | ||
| Margaret Mary Alacoque | 1647 | 1690 | |||
| John de Britto | 1647 | 1693 | |||
| Blessed Bernard of Offida Bernard of Offida Saint Bernard of Offida was a Catholic saint, born in Villa d'Appignano, near Offida in the Italian Marche. As a child he was a shepherd. As an adult he mostly lived at the Capuchin friary in Offida and devoted himself to helping the poor. He was at Fermo for a short stint... |
1604 | 1694 | |||
| David Lewis David Lewis (martyr) David Lewis was a Catholic priest and martyr. Lewis was canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1970 as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales and is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.- Early life :... |
1616 | 1697 | |||
| Gregory Barbarigo Gregory Barbarigo Gregorio Barbarigo was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and scholar.Born into a famous family from Venice, he traveled with the Venetian ambassador Alvise Contarini to the Congress of Münster in 1648, where the Peace of Westphalia was developed... |
1625 | 1697 | Bishop of Bergamo | ||
| Marguerite Bourgeoys Marguerite Bourgeoys Saint Marguerite Bourgeoys was the founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame.- Biography :... |
1620 | 1700 | |||
| Blesseds Jacinto de los Angeles and Juan Bautista | 1660 | 1700 |
See also
- Christianity in the 17th centuryChristianity in the 17th centuryThe history of Christianity in the 17th century showed both deep conflict and new tolerance. The Enlightenment grew to challenge Christianity as a whole, generally elevated human reason above divine revelation, and down-graded religious authorities such as the Papacy based on it...