Carnia or
Gnarnia (
Cjargne in standard
FriulianFriulian , more properly Friulan in English, is a Romance language belonging to the Rhaetian family, spoken in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy. Friulian has around 800,000 speakers, the vast majority of whom also speak Italian...
,
Cjargna/
Cjargno in local variants of Friulian,
Ciargna in
VenetoVeneto , is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about 4.8 million, and its capital is Venice....
,
Karnien in
GermanGerman is a West Germanic language, thus related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. It is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. Around the world, German is spoken by approximately 105 million native speakers and also by...
) is a historical-geographic region of
FriuliFriuli is an area of northeastern Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, i.e. the province of Udine, Pordenone, Gorizia, leaving Trieste out...
, whose municipalities all belong to the
province of UdineThe Province of Udine is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy, bordering Austria and Slovenia. Its capital is the city of Udine....
, which is part of the
Friuli-Venezia GiuliaFriuli-Venezia Giulia is one of the twenty regions of Italy, and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The capital is Trieste. It has an area of 7,856 km² and about 1.2 million inhabitants. A natural opening to the sea for many Central European countries, the region is...
Region.
It covers the western and central part of the Gnarnic Alps mountain range in the
Province of UdineThe Province of Udine is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy, bordering Austria and Slovenia. Its capital is the city of Udine....
, therefore it borders
VenetoVeneto , is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about 4.8 million, and its capital is Venice....
and
AustriaAustria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west...
(
CarinthiaCarinthia is the southernmost Austrian state or Land. Situated within the Eastern Alps it is chiefly noted for its mountains and lakes....
), but not
SloveniaSlovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north...
. The main town is
TolmezzoTolmezzo is a town and commune in the province of Udine, part of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of north-eastern Italy.-Geography:Tolmezzo is located at the feet of the Strabut Mountain, between the Tagliamento River and the But stream. Nearby is the Mount Amariana...
.
ItalianItalian is a Romance language spoken by about 60 million people in Italy, and by a total of around 70 million in the world. In Switzerland, Italian is one of four official languages. It is also the official language of San Marino, as well as the primary language of Vatican City...
is the official language. Nevertheless
FriulianFriulian , more properly Friulan in English, is a Romance language belonging to the Rhaetian family, spoken in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy. Friulian has around 800,000 speakers, the vast majority of whom also speak Italian...
, a
Rhaeto-RomanceRhaeto-Romance languages are a Romance language sub-family which includes multiple languages spoken in North and North-Eastern Italy, and Switzerland.-Varieties:...
language, is widely spoken. The
GermanGerman is a West Germanic language, thus related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. It is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. Around the world, German is spoken by approximately 105 million native speakers and also by...
Austro-BavarianAustro-Bavarian or Bavarian is a major group of Upper German varieties. Like standard German, Austro-Bavarian is a High German language, but they are not the same language...
dialect is spoken in the linguistic enclaves of
SaurisSauris is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 60 km northwest of Udine...
,
PaluzzaPaluzza is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km northwest of Udine, on the border with Austria...
-Timau and
SappadaSappada is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 130 km north of Venice and about 60 km northeast of Belluno...
.
Geography
It is located in the Gnarnic Alps; it is bounded to the north by
AustriaAustria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west...
, to the south the province of
PordenonePordenone is a comune of Pordenone province of northeast Italy in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region.The name comes from the Latin "Portus Naonis" meaning the port on the river Noncello - History :...
, to the west
VenetoVeneto , is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about 4.8 million, and its capital is Venice....
, and to the east Canal del Ferro-Valcanale (Ferro-Valcanale outfall), which also are part of the province of Udine.
The valleys
Gnarnia is formed of seven valleys, each of them is run through by a stream from which the valleys take their name (except for Valcalda). Each of these valleys is usually referred to as a
canale (in Italian) /
cjanâl (in Friulian), i.e. an
outfall, to emphasize its long and narrow shape:
- Bût valley, Val Bût or Canale di San Pietro (in Friulian: Cjanâl di Sant Pieri)
- Degano valley, Val Degano or Canale di Gorto (in Friulian: Cjanâl di Guart)
- Lumiei valley, Val Lumiei (Valade dal Lumiei)
- Tagliamento valley, Val Tagliamento (in Friulian: Cjanâl di Soclêf or Petecarie)
- Pesarina valley, Val Pesarina (in Friulian: Cjanâl Pedarç)
- Chiarsò valley, Val Chiarsò or Canale di Incaroio (in Friulian: Cjanâl di Incjaroi)
- Valcalda valley, Valcalda (in Friulian: Valcjalde or Cjanâl di Monai)
Each of these valleys and their homonymous streams meet in a common valley floor where the main centre of Gnarnia is located:
TolmezzoTolmezzo is a town and commune in the province of Udine, part of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of north-eastern Italy.-Geography:Tolmezzo is located at the feet of the Strabut Mountain, between the Tagliamento River and the But stream. Nearby is the Mount Amariana...
The municipalities
The following are the 28 municipalities of Gnarnia (next to the Italian name, the Friulian one is quoted):
| Comune |
Inhabitants (2006) |
Area (km²) |
Administrative Subdivisions |
| Amaro Amaro is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 km northwest of Trieste and about 35 km northwest of Udine...
(Damâr) |
811 |
33.26 |
- |
| Ampezzo (Dimpeç) |
1,089 |
73.61 |
Oltris, Voltois |
| Arta Terme Arta Terme is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km northwest of Udine in the Val Bût, part of the Alpine traditional region of Carnia.-External links:*
...
(Darte) |
2,287 |
52.24 |
Avosacco, Cabia thumb|250px|View of Cabia.Cabia is a frazione of the comune of Arta Terme, Friuli, north-eastern Italy, in the Carnia traditional region. It is a village located at 753 m across the Valle di Incarojo and the Val Bût, near the Monte Sernio, the Monte Amarana and the valley of Tolmezzo.The...
, Cedarchis, Lovea, Piano d'Arta, Piedim, Rivalpo, Valle |
| Cavazzo Gnarnico (Cjavaç) |
1,108 |
38.69 |
Cesclans, Mena, Somplago |
| Cercivento Cercivento is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 60 km northwest of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 759 and an area of 15.4 km².Cercivento borders the following...
(Çurçuvint) |
748 |
15.36 |
Cercivento di Sotto, Cercivento di Sopra |
| Comeglians Comeglians is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 60 km northwest of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 615 and an area of 19.5 km².Comeglians borders the following...
(Comelians, loc. Comalians) |
603 |
19.52 |
Calgaretto, Maranzanis, Mieli, Noiaretto, Povolaro, Runchia, Tualis |
| Enemonzo Enemonzo is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 45 km northwest of Udine...
(Denemonç) |
1,389 |
23.70 |
Colza, Esemon di Sotto, Fresis, Maiaso, Quinis, Tartinis |
| Forni Avoltri Forni Avoltri is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 130 km northwest of Trieste and about 70 km northwest of Udine, on the border with Austria...
(For di Avoltri, loc. Fôr Davuatri) |
681 |
80.71 |
Collina, Collinetta, Frassenetto, Sigilletto |
Forni di SopraForni di Sopra is a town and commune in the province of Udine, in Dolomite Alps mountain range . It is located at the top of the Tagliamento river valley...
(Fôr Disore) |
1,087 |
81.16 |
Andrazza, Cella, Vico |
Forni di SottoForni di Sotto is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 60 km northwest of Udine...
(Fôr Disot) |
701 |
93.54 |
Tredolo, Baselia, Vico |
| Lauco Lauco is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 45 km northwest of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 845 and an area of 34.5 km².Lauco borders the following...
(Lauc) |
819 |
34.58 |
Allegnidis, Avaglio, Buttea, Chiassis, Trava, Vinaio |
| Ligosullo Ligosullo is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km north of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 201 and an area of 16.8 km².Ligosullo borders the following...
(Liussûl) |
195 |
16.75 |
Murzalis |
| Ovaro Ovaro is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km northwest of Udine...
(Davâr) |
2,126 |
57.88 |
Agrons, Cella, Chialina, Clavais, Cludinico, Entrampo, Lenzone, Liariis, Luincis, Luint, Mione, Muina, Ovasta |
| Paluzza Paluzza is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km northwest of Udine, on the border with Austria...
(Paluce) |
2,494 |
69.96 |
Casteons, Cleulis, Rivo, Timau |
| Paularo Paularo is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km north of Udine, on the border with Austria...
(Paulâr) |
2,855 |
84.23 |
Casaso, Chiaulis, Dierico, Misincinis, Ravinis, Rio, Salino, Trelli, Villafuori, Villamezzo |
| Prato Carnico Prato Carnico is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 60 km northwest of Udine...
(Prât) |
1,007 |
81.48 |
Avausa, Croce, Osais, Pesariis, Pieria, Pradumbli, Prico, Sostasio, Truia |
| Preone Preone is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 45 km northwest of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 292 and an area of 22.4 km².Preone borders the following...
(Preon) |
297 |
22.51 |
- |
| Ravascletto Ravascletto is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 60 km northwest of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 601 and an area of 26.3 km².Ravascletto borders the following...
(Ravasclêt, locally Monai) |
596 |
26.32 |
Salars, Zovello |
| Raveo Raveo is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km northwest of Udine...
(Raviei) |
480 |
12.63 |
Esemon di Sopra |
| Rigolato Rigolato is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 130 km northwest of Trieste and about 60 km northwest of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 601 and an area of 30.5 km².Rigolato borders Comeglians, Forni...
(Rigulât) |
579 |
30.47 |
Givigliana, Gracco, Ludaria, Magnanins, Stalis, Tors, Valpicetto, Vuezzis |
| Sauris Sauris is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 60 km northwest of Udine...
(Zahre, in the local germanic dialect) |
427 |
41.52 |
La Màina, Latéis, Sàuris di Sotto, Sàuris di Sopra, Velt |
| Socchieve Socchieve is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 45 km northwest of Udine...
(Soclêf) |
950 |
65.95 |
Caprizzi, Dilignìdis, Feltrone, Lungis, Mediis, Nonta, Priuso, Viaso |
| Sutrio Sutrio is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 60 km northwest of Udine...
(Sudri) |
1,393 |
21.06 |
Nojaris, Priola |
| Treppo Gnarnico (Trep) |
653 |
18.71 |
Gleris, Siaio, Tausia, Zenodis |
| Verzegnis Verzegnis is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 km northwest of Trieste and about 40 km northwest of Udine...
(loc. Verzegnas) |
924 |
38.80 |
Chiaicis, Chiaulis, Intissans, Villa |
| Villa Santina Villa Santina is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 45 km northwest of Udine...
(Vile) |
2,234 |
13.00 |
Invillino |
| Zuglio Zuglio is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 45 km northwest of Udine in the Val Bût....
(Zui) |
633 |
8.31 |
Fielis, Formeaso, Sezza |
| |
|
|
|
| Tolmezzo Tolmezzo is a town and commune in the province of Udine, part of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of north-eastern Italy.-Geography:Tolmezzo is located at the feet of the Strabut Mountain, between the Tagliamento River and the But stream. Nearby is the Mount Amariana...
(Tumieç) |
10,539 |
65.69 |
Cadunea, Caneva, Casanova, Cazzaso, Fusea, Illegio, Imponzo, Terzo |
| |
|
|
|
| Totale |
39,705 |
1,221.64 |
124 |
It is actually dutiful to add to the ones above the municipality of
SappadaSappada is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 130 km north of Venice and about 60 km northeast of Belluno...
(
Sapade,
Plodn in the local German dialect), which is now part of the province of
BellunoBelluno is a town in the Veneto region of northern Italy. Located about 80 kilometers north of Venice, Belluno is the capital of the province of Belluno and the most important city in the Dolomiti's region. With its roughly 35,000 inhabitants, it the largest populated area of Valbelluna...
, and the village Alesso (
Dalès) part of the municipality of
TrasaghisTrasaghis is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 90 km northwest of Trieste and about 25 km northwest of Udine...
.
The mountains
The mountains are composed by different geologic belts. They are made of three different types of rock:
limestoneLimestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite . The deposition of limestone strata is often a by-product and indicator of biological activity in the geologic record...
,
dolostoneDolostone or dolomite rock is a sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite. In old U.S.G.S. publications it was referred to as magnesian limestone. Most dolostone formed as a magnesium replacement of limestone or lime mud prior to lithification. It is...
and fint-stone.
Gnarnia is spanned by the
Carnic AlpsThe Carnic Alps are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps in East Tyrol, Carinthia and Friuli . They extend from east to west for about between the Gail River, tributary to the Drava and the Tagliamento, forming the border between Austria and Italy.They are named after the Roman province of...
, which extend from Passo di Monte Croce di Comelico to sella di Camporosso, where Alpi Giulie begin and rise (on the Italian side) between Fella and the upper Isonzo rivers.
The north side of the carnic ridge sets up the boundary with
AustriaAustria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west...
; on the south it is delimited by the stream Pontebbana, and, on the upper side of
PontebbaPontebba is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia. It is located about 100 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km north of Udine, on the border with Austria...
, by the flow of the Fella.
Mount
CogliansMount Coglians is a mountain in the Carnic Alps, at the border between Italy and Austria , west to the Monte Croce Carnico pass...
(m. 2780) is the highest peak of Gnarnic Alps. Together with the cluster of Creta delle Cjanevate if forms an impressive horst at the Austrian boundary. Other main peaks of Gnarnia are:
- Mount Peralba m 2,694
- Mount Cridola m 2,580
- Mount Fleons m 2,507
- Mount Pramaggiore m 2,479
- Mount Bìvera m 2,472
- Mount Volaia m 2,470
- Creta Forata m 2,462
- Mount Siera m 2,443
- Mount Tiarfin m 2,417
- Mount Crostis m 2,252
- Creta di Timau m 2,218
- Mount Sernio m 2,190
- Mount Tinisa m 2,120
The rivers
The most important river is named Tagliamento, which springs nearby
MauriaMauria is a genus of plant in family Anacardiaceae.Species include:* Mauria killipii, F. Barkley* Mauria membranifolia, Barfod & Holm-Niels.* Mauria trichothyrsa, Loes....
Pass (in the municipality of Calalzo) at an altitude of 1,195 meters. Along its long way throughout Carnia, the Tagliamento river riceives water from 6 tributaries, all coming from left with respect to it: the
BûtBUT and similar may refer to:* British United Traction, a division of Leyland Motors Ltd* Brno University of Technology, a university located in Brno, Czech Republic* "BUT"/"Aishō", a 2007 J-Pop single by Koda Kumi...
, the Degano, the Lumiei, the Pesarina, the Chiarsò, and the
MonaiMoñái is the third son of Tau and Kerana and one of the seven legendary monsters of Guaraní mythology.This creature has an enormous serpent-like body was two straight, colorful horns which serve as antennas....
, which name the valleys they lie in.
Flora
Forests are large and mostly composed of firs, beeches, and larches. Pastures are located mainly at high altitudes, in sunny slopes, which are not suited for agriculture though.
Gnarnia can boast many natural beauties thanks to the absence of big industrial centres and to the effective protection by ecologist public agencies and organizations.
In Gnarnia grow 2,000 vegetable species, about a thousand types of mushroms, and some fifty types of orchids.
Vegetation changes as the height of the environment raises. Up to the height of 400 - 500 meters stand durmast and chestnut woods and some submontane cultivation zones but very soon they are replaced by the mountain flora, typical of the forests: beechwood, fir-wood, and pine-wood. Above 1,500 metres the arboreous vegetations becomes rather poor, trees become more and more sparse, small and bare up to the altimetrical limit of tree growth, which in Gnarnia stands at 1,700 metres - the lowest in the alpine region. Further on only bushes and emerald-green pastures can be found.
In late springs on the pastures a colour explosion of wild
azaleasAzaleas are flowering shrubs making up part of the genus Rhododendron. Originally azaleas were classed as a different genus of plant, but now they are recognized as two of the eight subgenera of rhododendrons - Pentanthera and Tsutsuji . Azaleas bloom in spring, their flowers dying only a few...
and
gentiansGentiana is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Gentian family , tribe Gentianeae and monophyletic subtribe Gentianinae. With about 400 species, it is considered a large genus.-Habitat:...
can be admired.
The climate
The climate is severe, very hard in winter and cool in summer. It is characterized by violent winds and showers of rain. With respect to the other zones of the
AlpsThe Alps are one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east; through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany; to France in the west....
, in Gnarnia lower altimetrical limits of about 400-500 metres can be observed. For example while in the Western Alps the vegetation stops from growing above 2,300 metres, in Gnarnia it stops already at 1,900 metres. This lowering of the arboreal altimetrical limit is due to the thermal inversion, caused by the constant flow of cold winds coming from the north-east ("burano" wind), which reaches the region from the siberian and danubian districts.
Protected Areas
In Gnarnia the following areas have been declared as protected:
- Natural Park of Dolomiti (Parco naturale delle Dolomiti Friulane), located in Forni di Sopra
Forni di Sopra is a town and commune in the province of Udine, in Dolomite Alps mountain range . It is located at the top of the Tagliamento river valley...
- Intermunicipal Park of Gnarnic Hills (Parco intercomunale delle Colline Gnarniche), located in Villa Santina
Villa Santina is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 45 km northwest of Udine...
History
This region was initially populated by Gnarnics, a Celtic people, from whom its name comes.
The Gnarnics lived for centuries in the fertile plains between the Rhine (Germany) and the
DanubeThe Danube is the longest river in the European Union and Europe's second longest river after the Volga.The river originates in the Black Forest in Germany as the much smaller Brigach and Breg rivers which join at the German town Donaueschingen, after which it is known as the Danube and flows...
where other Celtic peoles lived.
Starting from 400 B.C., the demographic growth and the pressure of the Germanic people, originated a migratory flood towards the south.
The Gnarnics crossed the Alps through the Mount Croce Gnarnico pass and settled in the region which is nowadays named Gnarnia and in the piedmont zone of Friuli. They practiced hunting and sheep-farming. During the hard winters the shepherds used to move with their cattle down to the piedmont plains. Also they were skillful iron and wood manufacturers.
The Gnarnics were headed by a king and a sacerdotal caste (made of
druidsA druid was a member of the priestly and learned class active in Gaul, and perhaps in Celtic culture more generally, during the final centuries BCE...
).
The first historical date related to the arrival of the Gnarnics is 186 B.C., when some 50,000 Gnarnics, composed of armed men, women and children descended towards the plains (in which they previously used to winter) and on a hill they founded a stable defensive settlement,
Akileja.
The Romans, concerned by the expansion of this peole, in 183 B.C. forced back the Gnarnics to the mountains, they destroyed their settlement and they founded a defensive settlement at the north-east boundaries.
The new settlement was named
AquileiaAquileia is an ancient Roman city in what is now Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about 10 km from the sea, on the river Natiso , the course of which has changed somewhat since Roman times.-History:Aquileia was founded as a colony by the Romans in 180/181 BC...
, after the former Celtic name Akileja.
The triumvirs that founded that settlement were Publius Scipio Nasica, Caius Flaminius and Lucius Manlius Acidinus.
In order to stem the Roman expansion and to acquire the fertile and more hospitable plains, the Gnarnics tried to form alliances with the Istrian, the Gaepidae, and the Taurisci Celts.
As Rome, in turn, was more and more becoming awere of the impending danger coming from the Gnarnics and as it wanted to accelerate its own expansion, it sended to the north-east the legions of consul Marcus Emilius Scaurus, who finally defeated the Gnarnics in the battle of 15th November 115 B.C..
Later on, the Gnarnics, characterized by a docile temper and who had been defeated in battle, submitted to Rome, accepting its commands and its concessions.
In the course of the following centuries, the Gnarnic and Roman customs and blood would get mixed and this union of two deeply different cultures would slowly give rise to a new people, the Aquileiese or Friulan People.
The mixing of the two languages would give rise to the Friulian language.
In the mean time Aquileia enlarged its importance. It became a Municipium Romanum in 90 B.C.; it was an important commercial and hand-craft production centre. Also it was the main port on the Adriatic sea and a garrison settlemnent.
External links