CCR4
Encyclopedia
C-C chemokine receptor type 4 is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the CCR4 gene
. CCR4 has also recently been designated CD194 (cluster of differentiation
194).
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor
family. It is a receptor for the following CC chemokines:
Chemokine
s are a group of small structurally related proteins that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocyte
s. The chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system
, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system
as well as on endothelial
cells involved in angiogenesis
or angiostasis
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the CCR4 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
. CCR4 has also recently been designated CD194 (cluster of differentiation
Cluster of differentiation
The cluster of differentiation is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on white blood cells, providing targets for immunophenotyping of cells...
194).
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors , also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein-linked receptors , comprise a large protein family of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal...
family. It is a receptor for the following CC chemokines:
- CCL2CCL2For the ICAO airport code see Candle Lake Airpark, for the diradical compound see Dichlorocarbene.Chemokine ligand 2 also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 or small inducible cytokine A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL2 gene. CCL2 is a small cytokine belonging to the CC...
(MCP-1) - CCL4CCL4Chemokine ligand 4, also known as CCL4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL4 gene.- Function :CCL4, also known as Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β is a CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 receptors...
(MIP-1) - CCL5 (RANTES)
- CCL17CCL17Chemokine ligand 17 is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as thymus and activation regulated chemokine . CCL17 is expressed constitutively in thymus, but only transiently in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells...
(TARC) - CCL22CCL22C-C motif chemokine 22 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL22 gene.The protein encoded by this gene is secreted by dendritic cells and macrophages, and elicits its effects on its target cells by interacting with cell surface chemokine receptors such as CCR4...
(Macrophage-derived chemokine)
Chemokine
Chemokine
Chemokines are a family of small cytokines, or proteins secreted by cells. Their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells; they are chemotactic cytokines...
s are a group of small structurally related proteins that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocyte
White blood cell
White blood cells, or leukocytes , are cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. Five different and diverse types of leukocytes exist, but they are all produced and derived from a multipotent cell in the bone marrow known as a...
s. The chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system
Immune system
An immune system is a system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. It detects a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and needs to distinguish them from the organism's own...
, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system
Central nervous system
The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that integrates the information that it receives from, and coordinates the activity of, all parts of the bodies of bilaterian animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and radially symmetric animals such as jellyfish...
as well as on endothelial
Endothelium
The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. These cells are called endothelial cells. Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart...
cells involved in angiogenesis
Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the physiological process involving the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. Though there has been some debate over terminology, vasculogenesis is the term used for spontaneous blood-vessel formation, and intussusception is the term for the formation of new blood...
or angiostasis
Angiostasis
Angiostasis is the strict regulation by the body over creation of new blood vessels, which is the normal state for adult humans. The opposite state of angiostasis is angiogenesis, or the state of generating new blood vessels, as happens after injury, and during tumor growth...
.