Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, also known as
CCL4, is a
proteinProteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form. The amino acids in a polymer chain are joined together by the peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues...
which in humans is encoded by the
CCL4 geneA gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain their cells and pass genetic traits to offspring...
.
Discussion
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Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, also known as
CCL4, is a
proteinProteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form. The amino acids in a polymer chain are joined together by the peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues...
which in humans is encoded by the
CCL4 geneA gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain their cells and pass genetic traits to offspring...
.
Function
CCL4 is a CC chemokine with specificity for
CCR5CCR5 is a gene which encodes the CCR5 protein, "Chemokine receptor 5", a member of the beta chemokine receptors family of integral membrane proteins....
receptors. It is a
chemoattractantChemoattractants are inorganic or organic substances possessing chemotaxis inducer effect in motile cells. Effects of chemoattractants are elicited via described or hypothetic chemotaxis receptors, the chemoattractant moiety of a ligand is target cell specific and concentration dependent. Most...
for natural killer cells,
monocyteMonocyte is a type of white blood cell, part of the human body's immune system. Monocytes have two main functions in the immune system: replenish resident macrophages and dendritic cells under normal states, and in response to inflammation signals, monocytes can move quickly Monocyte is a type of...
s and a variety of other immune cells.
CCL4 is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T cells.
PerforinPerforin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRF1 gene.Perforin is a cytolytic protein found in the granules of CD8 T-cells and NK cells. Upon degranulation, perforin inserts itself into the target cell's plasma membrane, forming a pore. The lytic membrane inserting part of perforin...
-low memory CD8+ T cells that normally synthesize MIP-1-beta.
Further reading