Brigadier Imtiaz
Encyclopedia
Brigadier
Brigadier
Brigadier is a senior military rank, the meaning of which is somewhat different in different military services. The brigadier rank is generally superior to the rank of colonel, and subordinate to major general....

 Imtiaz Ahmed is a retired one-star general of the Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...

 who served as a former director-general
Director-general
The term director-general is a title given the highest executive officer within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution.-European Union:...

 of Intelligence Bureau (I.B) between 1990–1993. As a one-star general, Brigadier Imatiaz Ahmad had served as a former senior intelligence operative in the Inter-Services Intelligence
Inter-Services Intelligence
The Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence , is Pakistan's premier intelligence agency, responsible for providing critical national security intelligence assessment to the Government of Pakistan...

 (ISI). He earned notoriety for his role in the covert Operation Midnight Jackal
Operation Midnight Jackal
Operation Midnight Jackal was a political scandal in Pakistan in 1989 which members of the ISI were exposed in a sting operation as wanting to overthrow the government of Benazir Bhutto. Former ISI operative Brigadier Imtiaz Ahmed Billa is regarded as the mastermind of the plot...

 to destabilise the democratic government of Prime minister
Prime minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime...

 Benazir Bhutto
Benazir Bhutto
Benazir Bhutto was a democratic socialist who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from 1988 until 1990 and 1993 until 1996....

 in 1989. In a military trial held by Judge Advocate General Branch
Judge Advocate General Branch
The Judge Advocate General Branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces is composed of Pakistan's Military senior officers, lawyers and judges who provide legal services to the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marines at all levels of command...

 of Pakistan, the Brigadier was found guilty and was sacked by the Chief of Army Staff General Mirza Aslam Beg
Mirza Aslam Beg
General Mirza Aslam Beg, SBt, HI, NI, afwc, psc , is a retired four-star general who was the Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army succeeding General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, after the latter died in an air crash on 17 August 1988...

. He was imprisoned on corruption charges in 2001 as part of the national accountability
National Accountability Bureau
The National Accountability Bureau is a federal executive agency of the Government of Pakistan, responsible and mandated for dealing with anti-corruption scandals, and also tasked with the gathering and managing the economic intelligence, and making efforts against the economic terrorism...

 drive of former President
President of Pakistan
The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...

 and Chief of Army Staff General Pervaiz Musharraf.

In August 2009 he gave several television interviews in which he revealed that Jinnahpur
Jinnahpur
Jinnahpur refers to an alleged plot in Pakistan to form a breakaway state to serve as a homeland for the Karachi based Urdu-speaking Muhajir community. The alleged name to be given to the proposed breakaway state was "Jinnahpur", named after Mohammed Ali Jinnah...

 conspiracy was fabricated, and gave more details about Operation Midnight Jackal
Operation Midnight Jackal
Operation Midnight Jackal was a political scandal in Pakistan in 1989 which members of the ISI were exposed in a sting operation as wanting to overthrow the government of Benazir Bhutto. Former ISI operative Brigadier Imtiaz Ahmed Billa is regarded as the mastermind of the plot...

 and the Mehran Bank scandal
Mehran bank scandal
The Mehran bank scandal also known as Mehrangate, was a major political scandal in the history of Pakistan between 1990-1994 in which senior politicians and political parties were found to have been bribed by Pakistan Army and intelligence officers, from ISI, to prevent the re-election and to...

.
He is thought to be involved in the killing of General Zia ul Haq and General Akhtar Abdur Rehman in 1988. This was stated by a politician and son of General Akhtar Abdur Rehman Mr. Humayun Akhtar Khan
Humayun Akhtar Khan
Humayun Akhtar Khan is a Pakistani politician. He served as the Federal Minister for Trade and Commerce from 2002–2007 and as the Federal Minister for Investment from 1997-1999. His father General Akhtar Abdur Rahman served as Director General of the ISI in the 1980's and played a crucial role in...

 who said that “Brig. Imtiaz is the man who encouraged my father to board the C-130 which later met an accident,”. However Imtiaz denies that.

Billa has also been accused of the custodial murder of Sindhi
Sindhi people
Sindhis are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating from Sindh, a province Formerly of British India, now in Pakistan. Today Sindhis that live in Pakistan belong to various religious denominations including Islam, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Christianity...

 Communist leader Nazeer Abbasi
Nazeer Abbasi
Nazeer Abbasi was a Pakistani communist and the Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Pakistan. Abbasi was the political activist and an office holder of the Communist Party as he was designated as Secretary General. He was killed on August 9, 1980 while in the custody of Pakistani...

.

Military and Intelligence Career

Ahmad had a commission in the Baloch Regiment
Baloch Regiment
The Baloch Regiment is an infantry regiment of Pakistan Army. The modern regiment was formed in May 1956 by the merger of 8th Punjab and Bahawalpur Regiments with the Baluch Regiment. Since then, further raisings have brought the strength of the Regiment to more than fifty battalions...

 of the Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...

 and had participated in Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan. Indian, Bangladeshi and international sources consider the beginning of the war to be Operation Chengiz Khan, Pakistan's December 3, 1971 pre-emptive strike on 11 Indian airbases...

. He was one of the close associates of former military dictator General
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....

 Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , was the 4th Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan from July 1977 to his death in August 1988...

, and was put in charge of horrible dealing of General Zia's political opponents. He gained public fame when, in 1979, then-Lieutenant Colonel
Lieutenant colonel
Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence...

 Imatiaz foiled and twarted the CIA's secret plan to sabotage the nuclear detterent program. Lt.Col. Ahmed conducted the operation (Operation Sun Rising) along with then-DG ISI, resulting in the arrest of the local nuclear engineer who was believed to be an American spy. His efforts led him to gain Tamgha-e-Basalat and he was promoted to the rank of Colonel
Colonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...

. During 1980s, Imtiaz was the head of the "ISI Karachi Headquarters" and was the central figure in derailing the Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...

 based-Sindhudesh
Sindhudesh
Sindhudesh is a concept floated by some Sindhi nationalists in Pakistan, for the creation of a Sindhi state, which would either be independent from, or autonomous within Pakistan. It was conceived by senior Sindhi political leader G. M. Syed...

 and Communist Party
Communist Party of Pakistan
The Communist Party of Pakistan is a communist party affiliated with Communist Party of the Russia. Before the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the party had long association and ties with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ....

 of Pakistan.

Association with General Zia

In early 1980s, Colonel Imtiaz who was supervising the anti-communist operation in Karachi and elsewhere in Sindh province
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...

, got assigned another task by the dictator
President of Pakistan
The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...

 and an Chief of Army Staff General
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....

 Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , was the 4th Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan from July 1977 to his death in August 1988...

 to suppressed the Movement for Restoration of Democracy
Movement for Restoration of Democracy
The Movement for the Restoration of Democracy was a major alliance formed by Secular-Socialist democratic political forces aiming to end the General Zia-ul-Haq's martial law and military dictatorship in the country. It was formed in February 1981. The alliance was aimed at restoring democracy and...

 (MRD). Then-Colonel Imtiaz, as the "Sindh ISI chief", handled the General Zia's political opponents and enemies harshly. He gained notoriety in Pakistani political circles when a political activist and a Sindhi Communist leader Nazeer Abbasi
Nazeer Abbasi
Nazeer Abbasi was a Pakistani communist and the Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Pakistan. Abbasi was the political activist and an office holder of the Communist Party as he was designated as Secretary General. He was killed on August 9, 1980 while in the custody of Pakistani...

 was murdered in his custody. The purpose of the murder of political activist Nazeer Abbasi was to warn political workers and the hijacking incident was to sabotage the MRD action launched against General Zia-ul Haq. As a result of his work, General Zia personally promoted Colonel Billa as brigadier
Brigadier
Brigadier is a senior military rank, the meaning of which is somewhat different in different military services. The brigadier rank is generally superior to the rank of colonel, and subordinate to major general....

 in the army.
Abbasi had died during torture as attempts were made to extract information from eight prominent members of the defunct Communist Party of Pakistan (CPP). The news had come out once his body was handed over to his relatives for burial, but the newspapers were unable to publish the reason for his death because of strict censorship.

A professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...

 of political science
Political science
Political Science is a social science discipline concerned with the study of the state, government and politics. Aristotle defined it as the study of the state. It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics, and the analysis of political systems and political behavior...

 in Karachi University, Dr. Jamal Naqvi, one of the arrested communist leaders, later mentioned in his testimony during the famous "Jam Saqi trial", it was Nazir Abbasi’s death that saved the rest of the detainees from further torture, as they were soon shifted from a military interrogation cell to a Karachi prison.

ISI career

In 1987, Brigadier Imtiaz was promoted as a Additional Director General of the external intelligence agency, the ISI. He gained nationwide notoriety for his central role in the covert Operation Midnight Jackal
Operation Midnight Jackal
Operation Midnight Jackal was a political scandal in Pakistan in 1989 which members of the ISI were exposed in a sting operation as wanting to overthrow the government of Benazir Bhutto. Former ISI operative Brigadier Imtiaz Ahmed Billa is regarded as the mastermind of the plot...

, an operation that aimed to dethrone the elected government of Prime minister
Prime Minister of Pakistan
The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...

 Benazir Bhutto
Benazir Bhutto
Benazir Bhutto was a democratic socialist who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from 1988 until 1990 and 1993 until 1996....

 in 1989. Brigadier Imtiaz, along with ISI agent Major
Major
Major is a rank of commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every military in the world.When used unhyphenated, in conjunction with no other indicator of rank, the term refers to the rank just senior to that of an Army captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel. ...

 Amir were caught red-handed. In 1989, he, along with major Amir, were arrested by the Pakistani military police
Pakistan Rangers
The Pakistan Rangers are part of the Paramilitary forces of Pakistan, and consists of members of the Pakistan Army under the direct control of the Ministry of the Interior of the Pakistan Government. The Rangers are an internal security force with the prime objective to provide and maintain...

 and the espionage case against the preparers were launched in the special military courts. In a military tribunal
Military tribunal
A military tribunal is a kind of military court designed to try members of enemy forces during wartime, operating outside the scope of conventional criminal and civil proceedings. The judges are military officers and fulfill the role of jurors...

 of the Judge Advocate General Branch
Judge Advocate General Branch
The Judge Advocate General Branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces is composed of Pakistan's Military senior officers, lawyers and judges who provide legal services to the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marines at all levels of command...

 led by the then-Chief of Army Staff General
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....

 Mirza Aslam Baig, the Brigadier was founded guilty in masterminding the operation
Operation Midnight Jackal
Operation Midnight Jackal was a political scandal in Pakistan in 1989 which members of the ISI were exposed in a sting operation as wanting to overthrow the government of Benazir Bhutto. Former ISI operative Brigadier Imtiaz Ahmed Billa is regarded as the mastermind of the plot...

.
He was sacked by the Chief of Army Staff and received a dishonorable discharge from the army.

Intelligence Bureau (IB)

Nawaz Sharif who was the then Chief minister
Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)
The Chief Minister of Punjab is elected by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab to serve as the head of the provincial government in Punjab, Pakistan. The current Chief Minister is Shahbaz Sharif, who became the Chief Minister of Punjab as being restored after Governor's rule starting from...

 of Punjab
Punjab (Pakistan)
Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with approximately 45% of the country's total population. Forming most of the Punjab region, the province is bordered by Kashmir to the north-east, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the...

, appointed Billa as his security adviser in the "Chief Minister House of Punjab". Later, Nawaz Sharif made him I.B. Director General when Sharif became prime minister in 1990. Notorious for his harsh treatment of his political enemies and opponents, the I.B. chief again launched a military operation, Operation Clean-up
Operation Clean-up
The Operation Clean-up was a military operation led by Pakistan Army and the Army Rangers under the command of Brigadier Imtiaz Ahmed in Karachi, Pakistan that lasted from 1992−1994. The claimed goal of the operation was to 'cleanse' the city of "anti-social" elements...

 that sought to 'cleanse' the city of 'anti-social' elements, in 1992. The main objective of the operation was to remove the social elements and the top leadership of the Muttahida Qaumi Movement
Muttahida Qaumi Movement
Muttahida Qaumi Movement generally known as MQM, is a liberal-secular political party of Pakistan. It is generally known as a party which holds immense mobilizing potential in province of Sindh...

 (MQM). The operation resulted in numerous death of the civilians, many of the MQM workers and political leaders were killed under his custody. In August 2009, in a television interview, he revealed that Jinnahpur
Jinnahpur
Jinnahpur refers to an alleged plot in Pakistan to form a breakaway state to serve as a homeland for the Karachi based Urdu-speaking Muhajir community. The alleged name to be given to the proposed breakaway state was "Jinnahpur", named after Mohammed Ali Jinnah...

 conspiracy was fabricated and the evidence against the MQM was made it up by the anti-MQM elements. In 1993, he was removed from the IB and subsequestely was retired.

Corruption Charges

The Brigadier was again arrested by the military police. In a stand-up trial, the Judge Advocate General Branch
Judge Advocate General Branch
The Judge Advocate General Branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces is composed of Pakistan's Military senior officers, lawyers and judges who provide legal services to the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marines at all levels of command...

 (JAG) of Pakistan Defence Forces. A central and notorious figure in Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

, he believed to played a major role in Mehran Bank scandal
Mehran bank scandal
The Mehran bank scandal also known as Mehrangate, was a major political scandal in the history of Pakistan between 1990-1994 in which senior politicians and political parties were found to have been bribed by Pakistan Army and intelligence officers, from ISI, to prevent the re-election and to...

. The JAG sentenced him eight years imprisonment
Imprisonment
Imprisonment is a legal term.The book Termes de la Ley contains the following definition:This passage was approved by Atkin and Duke LJJ in Meering v Grahame White Aviation Co....

 for corruption.
On September 21, 2010, Brigadier Imtiaz Ahmed was again arrested along with Adnan Khawaja Ex chairman of OGDCL, and have been shifted to Adiala Jail they were earlier arrested from the courtroom. A Supreme Court bench
Supreme Court of Pakistan
The Supreme Court is the apex court in Pakistan's judicial hierarchy, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes. The Supreme Court has a permanent seat in Islamabad. It has number of Branch Registries where cases are heard. It has a number of de jure powers which are outlined in the...

 headed by Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry
Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry
Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry is the current Chief Justice of Pakistan.He became chief justice of Pakistan's Supreme Court in 2005 and soon became not only a central figure in the nation's political struggles but an icon to the country's legal profession and others campaigning for the rule of law...

 heard the NRO implementation case where he was arrested from the court on orders by Supreme Court (SC) during the hearing of a case relating the implementation of National Reconciliation Ordinance (NRO)..

Allegations in the Involvement of Zia's Death

Despite for his work to protect the General Zia's regime, Brigadier Imtiaz had been accused by the former federal minister
Commerce Minister of Pakistan
The Commerce Minister of Pakistan heads the Ministry of Commerce. He serves in the cabinet of the Prime Minister. The Minister is required to be a member of Parliament...

 of the Ministry of Commerce
Ministry of Commerce (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Commerce is headed by the Commerce Minister of Pakistan, who must be a member of Parliament of Pakistan.- State Life Insurance Corporation :State Life Insurance Corporation - See also :* Economy of Pakistan‎* Ministry of Finance...

 Humayun Akhtar Khan
Humayun Akhtar Khan
Humayun Akhtar Khan is a Pakistani politician. He served as the Federal Minister for Trade and Commerce from 2002–2007 and as the Federal Minister for Investment from 1997-1999. His father General Akhtar Abdur Rahman served as Director General of the ISI in the 1980's and played a crucial role in...

 had accused the Brigadier and said: Brigadier Imtiaz Ahmed is issuing controversial statements only to attract world attention. Brig. Imtiaz is the man who encouraged my father to board the C-130 aircraft which later met an accident. I ask Brig. (Retd.) Imtiaz to explain what led him to play a role in my father’s killing, Humayun Akhtar maintained.

Further reading

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