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Bardyllis of the Illyrians
Illyrians

Illyrians has come to refer to a broad, ill-defined "Indo-European languages" group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans and even possibly Messapia in Southern Italy ....
 (also attested as Bardylis in Ancient Greek
Ancient greek language

#REDIRECT Ancient Greek...
 sources: ???d????, ???d????, ???d?????, and Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 language Bardulis) was an Illyrian king who ruled from 385 to 358 BC and founded the Bardyllis Dynasty. He was by origin a charcoal burner and would become king of the Dardanians, an Illyrian tribe.

Bardyllis took land from the Macedonians
Macedon

Macedon or Macedonia was the name of a monarchy centred in the northernmost part of ancient Greece. The homeland of the ancient Macedonians, it was bordered by the kingdom of Epirus to the west and the region of Thrace to the east....
, killing Perdiccas
Perdiccas III of Macedon

Perdiccas III was king of Macedonia from 368 to 359 BC, succeeding his brother Alexander II of Macedon.Son of Amyntas III of Macedon and Eurydice II of Macedon, he was underage when Alexander II was killed by Ptolemy of Aloros, who then ruled as regent....
 and expelling Amyntas
Amyntas III of Macedon

Amyntas III son of Arrhidaeus and father of Philip II of Macedon, was king of Macedon in 393 BC, and again from 392 to 369 BC.He came to the throne after the ten years of confusion which followed the death of Archelaus II of Macedon, the patron of art and literature....
. In 385 BC, the Molossians
Molossians

The Molossians were an ancient Greeks tribe that settled Epirus during Mycenaean Greece times. On their northeast frontier they had the Chaonians and to their southern frontier the kingdom of the Thesprotians, to their north were the Illyrians....
 were attacked by Illyrians allied with and aided by Dionysius
Dionysius I of Syracuse

Dionysius I or Dionysius the Elder , tyrant of Syracuse, Italy, conquered several cities in Sicily and southern Italy, opposed Carthage's influence in Sicily and made Syracuse the most powerful of the Western Ancient Greece colonies....
 of Syracuse
Syracuse, Italy

Syracuse is a historic city in southern Italy, the Capital of the province of Syracuse. The city is noted for its rich Greek history, culture, amphitheatres, architecture and association to Archimedes, playing an important role in ancient times as one of the top powers of the Mediterranean world; it is over 2,700 years old....
 to place Alcetas that was a refugee in his court to the throne.






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Bardyllis of the Illyrians
Illyrians

Illyrians has come to refer to a broad, ill-defined "Indo-European languages" group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans and even possibly Messapia in Southern Italy ....
 (also attested as Bardylis in Ancient Greek
Ancient greek language

#REDIRECT Ancient Greek...
 sources: ???d????, ???d????, ???d?????, and Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 language Bardulis) was an Illyrian king who ruled from 385 to 358 BC and founded the Bardyllis Dynasty. He was by origin a charcoal burner and would become king of the Dardanians, an Illyrian tribe.

Bardyllis took land from the Macedonians
Macedon

Macedon or Macedonia was the name of a monarchy centred in the northernmost part of ancient Greece. The homeland of the ancient Macedonians, it was bordered by the kingdom of Epirus to the west and the region of Thrace to the east....
, killing Perdiccas
Perdiccas III of Macedon

Perdiccas III was king of Macedonia from 368 to 359 BC, succeeding his brother Alexander II of Macedon.Son of Amyntas III of Macedon and Eurydice II of Macedon, he was underage when Alexander II was killed by Ptolemy of Aloros, who then ruled as regent....
 and expelling Amyntas
Amyntas III of Macedon

Amyntas III son of Arrhidaeus and father of Philip II of Macedon, was king of Macedon in 393 BC, and again from 392 to 369 BC.He came to the throne after the ten years of confusion which followed the death of Archelaus II of Macedon, the patron of art and literature....
. In 385 BC, the Molossians
Molossians

The Molossians were an ancient Greeks tribe that settled Epirus during Mycenaean Greece times. On their northeast frontier they had the Chaonians and to their southern frontier the kingdom of the Thesprotians, to their north were the Illyrians....
 were attacked by Illyrians allied with and aided by Dionysius
Dionysius I of Syracuse

Dionysius I or Dionysius the Elder , tyrant of Syracuse, Italy, conquered several cities in Sicily and southern Italy, opposed Carthage's influence in Sicily and made Syracuse the most powerful of the Western Ancient Greece colonies....
 of Syracuse
Syracuse, Italy

Syracuse is a historic city in southern Italy, the Capital of the province of Syracuse. The city is noted for its rich Greek history, culture, amphitheatres, architecture and association to Archimedes, playing an important role in ancient times as one of the top powers of the Mediterranean world; it is over 2,700 years old....
 to place Alcetas that was a refugee in his court to the throne. Dionysius
Dionysius I of Syracuse

Dionysius I or Dionysius the Elder , tyrant of Syracuse, Italy, conquered several cities in Sicily and southern Italy, opposed Carthage's influence in Sicily and made Syracuse the most powerful of the Western Ancient Greece colonies....
 planned to control all the Ionian Sea
Ionian Sea

The Ionian Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. It is bounded by southern Italy, including Calabria, Sicily and the Salento peninsula, to the west, by southwestern Albania, including Saranda and Himara, and a large number of Greek islands, including Corfu, Zante, Kephalonia, Ithaka, and Lefkas to the east....
. Sparta
Sparta

Sparta was a city-state in ancient Greece, situated on the Eurotas River in the southern part of the Peloponnese. From circa 650 BC it rose to become the dominant military power in the region and as such was recognized as the overall leader of the combined Greek forces during the Greco-Persian Wars....
 had intervened as soon as the events became known and expelled the Illyrians who were led by Bardyllis. Despite being aided by 2000 Greek hoplites and five hundred suits of Greek armour
Armour

Armour or armor is protective covering used to prevent damage from being inflicted to an individual or a vehicle through use of direct contact weapons or projectiles, usually during combat....
, the Illyrians were defeated by the Spartans led by Agesilaus
Agesilaus II

Agesilaus II, or Agesilaos II was a king of Sparta, of the Eurypontid dynasty, ruling from approximately 400 BC to 360 BC, during most of which time he was, in Plutarch's words, "as good as thought commander and king of all Greece," and was for the whole of it greatly identified with his country's deeds and fortunes....
 but not before ravaging the region and killing 15,000 Molossians.

Grabos
Grabos

Grabos was an Illyrian that became the most powerful Illyrian king after the death of Bardyllis in 358 BC....
 became the most powerful Illyrian king after the death of Bardyllis in 358 BC. Bardyllis had a grandson named Cleitus the Illyrian
Cleitus the Illyrian

Cleitus the Illyrian was the grandson of Bardyllis. The ancient historian Arrian states that the chieftain Cleitus sacrificed three boys, three girls and three rams just before his battle with Alexander the Great....
, a daughter named Bircenna
Bircenna

Bircenna was an Illyrian princess and the daughter of Bardyllis. She was the sister to Bardyllis II and aunt to Cleitus the Illyrian....
, and a son named Bardyllis II
Bardyllis II

Bardyllis II was an Illyrian king, the brother of Bircenna, the son of Bardyllis, and father to Cleitus the Illyrian....
. Bardyllis was ultimately killed by Phillip of Macedon in battle after he offered peace based on retaining conquered lands (this was rejected by Phillip).

Polybius
Polybius

Polybius was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his book called The Histories covering in detail the period of 220–146 BC....
 calls him "???d????? ? t?? ????????" and Cicero calls him "Bardullis Illyrius"

See also

  • Illyrian warfare
    Illyrian warfare

    Illyrian warfare is the history of the wars and battles of the Illyrian tribes and the Illyrian kingdom in the Balkans, Iron Age Italy and piracy in the Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic sea fought against each other and other peoples....
  • Baraliris
    Baraliris

    Baraliris was an Illyrian ruler, who after seeing a sign in a dream, embarked on a series of military victories which allowed him to extend Illyrian rule over the Molossians and other tribes, as far as the frontiers of Macedon....
  • Cleitus the Illyrian
    Cleitus the Illyrian

    Cleitus the Illyrian was the grandson of Bardyllis. The ancient historian Arrian states that the chieftain Cleitus sacrificed three boys, three girls and three rams just before his battle with Alexander the Great....
  • Bircenna
    Bircenna

    Bircenna was an Illyrian princess and the daughter of Bardyllis. She was the sister to Bardyllis II and aunt to Cleitus the Illyrian....
  • Bardyllis II
    Bardyllis II

    Bardyllis II was an Illyrian king, the brother of Bircenna, the son of Bardyllis, and father to Cleitus the Illyrian....


External links