Adolphe Dureau de la Malle
Encyclopedia
Adolphe Jules César Auguste Dureau de la Malle (March 3, 1777 in Paris
– May 17, 1857 at the estate Landres à Mauves sur Huisne, Orne
) was a French geographer
, naturalist
, historian
and artist
. He was the son of the scholar and translator Jean-Baptiste Dureau de la Malle
.
Dureau de la Malle published a number of works on the economy
and topography
of the classic countries, i.e. Italy
and Carthage
at the time of the Roman Empire
:
As a naturalist, he published on the origins of the ceral crops,
and, his most significant work, on vegetation
succession
.
Here he present results of his observations in clear-cut forests. He was the first to use the term succession
(prior to Steenstrups
use) about an ecological
phenomenon and probably the first to use the term community (ecology)
(societé) for an assemblage of (plant) individuals of different species (prior to Karl Möbius
).
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
– May 17, 1857 at the estate Landres à Mauves sur Huisne, Orne
Orne
Orne is a department in the northwest of France, named after the river Orne.- History :Orne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution, on March 4, 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Normandy and Perche.- Geography :Orne is in the region of...
) was a French geographer
Geographer
A geographer is a scholar whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society.Although geographers are historically known as people who make maps, map making is actually the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography...
, naturalist
Naturalist
Naturalist may refer to:* Practitioner of natural history* Conservationist* Advocate of naturalism * Naturalist , autobiography-See also:* The American Naturalist, periodical* Naturalism...
, historian
Historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
and artist
Artist
An artist is a person engaged in one or more of any of a broad spectrum of activities related to creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse is a practitioner in the visual arts only...
. He was the son of the scholar and translator Jean-Baptiste Dureau de la Malle
Jean-Baptiste Dureau de la Malle
Jean-Baptiste Dureau de la Malle was a French translator. The son of Laurent Dureau de la Malle and Elisabeth Sauvage, he married Elisabeth-Renée Maignon, who had also been born in Saint-Domingue, and their son was Adolphe Dureau de la Malle.-Life:Jean-Baptiste came to study in Paris and, freed...
.
Dureau de la Malle published a number of works on the economy
Economy
An economy consists of the economic system of a country or other area; the labor, capital and land resources; and the manufacturing, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of that area...
and topography
Topography
Topography is the study of Earth's surface shape and features or those ofplanets, moons, and asteroids...
of the classic countries, i.e. Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
and Carthage
Carthage
Carthage , implying it was a 'new Tyre') is a major urban centre that has existed for nearly 3,000 years on the Gulf of Tunis, developing from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BC...
at the time of the Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
:
- On the population in ancient Italy (De la Population de l'Italie ancienne) (1825)
- On agriculture, administration and units of measurement of the Romans (De l'Agriculture, de l'Administration, des Poids et Mesures des Romains) (1827–1828)
- On the topography of Carthage (De la Topographie de Carthage) (1835).
As a naturalist, he published on the origins of the ceral crops,
- De l'Origine et de la patrie des Céréales (1819 et 1826);
and, his most significant work, on vegetation
Vegetation
Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region; it refers to the ground cover provided by plants. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. It is broader...
succession
Ecological succession
Ecological succession, is the phenomenon or process by which a community progressively transforms itself until a stable community is formed. It is a fundamental concept in ecology, and refers to more or less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community...
.
- Mémoire sur l'alternance ou sur ce problème: la succession alternative dans la reproduction des espèces végétales vivant en société, est-elle une loi générale de la nature. Annales des sciences naturelles, 15 (1825): 353-381. Rendered in English: Memoir on alternation or on alternative succession in the reproduction of plant species living in a community - is it a general law of nature?
Here he present results of his observations in clear-cut forests. He was the first to use the term succession
Ecological succession
Ecological succession, is the phenomenon or process by which a community progressively transforms itself until a stable community is formed. It is a fundamental concept in ecology, and refers to more or less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community...
(prior to Steenstrups
Japetus Steenstrup
Johannes Japetus Smith Steenstrup was a Danish zoologist, biologist, and professor.He was a professor of zoology at the University of Copenhagen...
use) about an ecological
Ecology
Ecology is the scientific study of the relations that living organisms have with respect to each other and their natural environment. Variables of interest to ecologists include the composition, distribution, amount , number, and changing states of organisms within and among ecosystems...
phenomenon and probably the first to use the term community (ecology)
Community (ecology)
In ecology, a community is an assemblage of two or more populations of different species occupying the same geographical area. The term community has a variety of uses...
(societé) for an assemblage of (plant) individuals of different species (prior to Karl Möbius
Karl Möbius
Karl August Möbius was a German zoologist who was a pioneer in the field of ecology and a former director of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin.- Early life :...
).