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530s BC

530s BC

Overview
  • 539 BC—Babylon
    Babylon
    Babylon was a city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad...

     is conquered by Cyrus
    Cyrus the Great
    Cyrus the Great , also known as Cyrus II of Persia and Cyrus the Elder, was the first Zoroastrian Persian Shāhanshāh...

    , defeating Nabonidus
    Nabonidus
    Nabonidus was the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, reigning from 556-539 BCE.-Historiography on Nabonidus:...

    ; noted in such documents as that of Africanus
    Africanus
    Africanus, in Latin, means "of Africa". It can refer to:* a cognomen of ancient Rome associated with Scipio , including among others**several people named Scipio Africanus; see Scipio Africanus...

    , Ptolemy
    Ptolemy
    Claudius Ptolemaeus , known in English as Ptolemy , was a Roman citizen of Greek ancestry. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer and a poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under the Roman Empire, and is believed to have been born in the town of...

    , Eusebius, and Diodorus.
  • 538 BC—Seventy years of Babylonian captivity were over for the Jews. Babylonian conqueror Cyrus
    Cyrus the Great
    Cyrus the Great , also known as Cyrus II of Persia and Cyrus the Elder, was the first Zoroastrian Persian Shāhanshāh...

    , king of Persia, was letting the Jews return home. But once back in the Promised Land (538 BCE ), their hope of enjoying self-determination as a free nation went unrealized. They had no king, and the political authority of their governors was soon eclipsed by the religious authority of the high priest, who came to be viewed as head of the nation
    Nation
    A nation is a body of people who share a real or imagined common history, culture, language or ethnic origin. The development and conceptualization of the nation is closely related to the development of modern industrial states and nationalist movements in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries,...

    .
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Events and trends

  • 539 BC—Babylon
    Babylon
    Babylon was a city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad...

     is conquered by Cyrus
    Cyrus the Great
    Cyrus the Great , also known as Cyrus II of Persia and Cyrus the Elder, was the first Zoroastrian Persian Shāhanshāh...

    , defeating Nabonidus
    Nabonidus
    Nabonidus was the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, reigning from 556-539 BCE.-Historiography on Nabonidus:...

    ; noted in such documents as that of Africanus
    Africanus
    Africanus, in Latin, means "of Africa". It can refer to:* a cognomen of ancient Rome associated with Scipio , including among others**several people named Scipio Africanus; see Scipio Africanus...

    , Ptolemy
    Ptolemy
    Claudius Ptolemaeus , known in English as Ptolemy , was a Roman citizen of Greek ancestry. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer and a poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under the Roman Empire, and is believed to have been born in the town of...

    , Eusebius, and Diodorus.
  • 538 BC—Seventy years of Babylonian captivity were over for the Jews. Babylonian conqueror Cyrus
    Cyrus the Great
    Cyrus the Great , also known as Cyrus II of Persia and Cyrus the Elder, was the first Zoroastrian Persian Shāhanshāh...

    , king of Persia, was letting the Jews return home. But once back in the Promised Land (538 BCE ), their hope of enjoying self-determination as a free nation went unrealized. They had no king, and the political authority of their governors was soon eclipsed by the religious authority of the high priest, who came to be viewed as head of the nation
    Nation
    A nation is a body of people who share a real or imagined common history, culture, language or ethnic origin. The development and conceptualization of the nation is closely related to the development of modern industrial states and nationalist movements in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries,...

    . The Jews begin rebuilding the Second Temple
    Second Temple
    The Second Temple was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE. During this time, it was the center of Jewish worship, which focused on the sacrifices known as the korbanot...

     seventy years after the destruction of the First Temple, from 520–516 BC; This account is noted in the Old Testament
    Old Testament
    In Christianity, the Old Testament is the collection of books that form the first of the two-part Christian Biblical canon. These works correspond to the Hebrew Bible , with some variations and additions. In the Eastern Orthodox Church the comparable texts are known as the Septuagint, from the...

     of the Bible at 2 Chronicles 36:20–23 and Ezra 1:1–5. Also in 538 BCE begins the reign of the Medo-Persian King Cyrus the Great
    Cyrus the Great
    Cyrus the Great , also known as Cyrus II of Persia and Cyrus the Elder, was the first Zoroastrian Persian Shāhanshāh...

    , according to Biblical writer of 2 Chronicles 36:22.
  • 536 BC—According to tradition, the Biblical prophet
    Prophet
    In religion, a prophet is a person who has been contacted by, or has encountered, the supernatural or the divine, and serves as an intermediary with humanity, delivering this newfound knowledge from the supernatural entity to other humans...

     Daniel
    Daniel
    Daniel is the central protagonist of the Book of Daniel...

     receives an angelic visitor. see Daniel 10:4;
  • 535 BC—Phocaean Greek colonists clash at sea with Carthaginians and Etruscans in Battle of Alalia
    Battle of Alalia
    The naval Battle of Alalia took place between 540 BC and 535 BC off the coast of Corsica between Phocaeans and allied Etruscans and Carthaginians. The Punic-Etruscan fleet of 120 ships defeated the Greek force of sixty ships and the nearby colony of Alalia was taken over by the Etruscans...

     (Corsica
    Corsica
    Corsica is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea . It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia....

    ).
  • 534 BC
    • Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
      Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
      Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was the seventh King of Rome, reigning from 535 until the Roman revolt in 509 B.C. which would lead to the establishment of the Roman Republic. He is more commonly known by his cognomen Tarquinius Superbus and was a member of the Etruscan dynasty of Rome...

       becomes seventh King of Rome
      Rome
      Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated municipality , with over 2.7 million residents in , while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 3.46 million. The metropolitan area of Rome is estimated by OECD to have a population of 3.7 million...

      , after murdering the sixth king Servius Tullius
      Servius Tullius
      Servius Tullius was the sixth legendary king of ancient Rome and the second king of the Etruscan dynasty. The traditional dates of his reign are 578-535 BC. Described in one account as originally a slave, he is said to have married a daughter of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, and succeeded him after...

      .
    • Competitions for tragedy
      Tragedy
      Tragedy is a form of art based on human suffering that, paradoxically, offers its audience pleasure...

       are instituted at the City Dionysia festival
      Festival
      A festival is an event, usually and ordinarily staged by a local community, which centers on some unique aspect of that community.Among many religions, a feast or festival is a set of celebrations in honour of God or gods. A feast and a festival are historically interchangeable...

       in Athens
      Athens
      Athens , the capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the world's oldest cities, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years....

      .
  • 530 BC
    • Cyrus II is killed in war against obscure tribes.
    • Cambyses
      Cambyses
      Cambyses can refer to two ancient rulers and a play:-*Cambyses of Anshan r. 600 to 559 BCE*Cambyses of Persia r. 530 to 522 BCE*Cambyses, a tragedy by Thomas Preston...

       starts to rule in Persia.
    • Royal Arch
      Royal Arch
      The Royal Arch was erected in Dundee between 1849 and 1853 to commemorate a visit to the city by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1844.The Royal Arch, , comprised of a large, triumphal arch, flanked by two smaller side arches, and surmounted by two central turrets. It was 80ft across...

       Masons take this year as the epoch for dating their documents Anno Inventionis after the beginning of the Second Temple by Zerubbabel
      Zerubbabel
      Zerubbabel was a governor of Judah and the grandson of Jehoiachin, penultimate king of Judah. Zerubbabel led the first band of Jews, numbering 42,360, who returned from the Babylonian Captivity in the first year of Cyrus, King of Persia...

      .
  • c. 530 BC—Temple of Apollo at Delphi
    Delphi
    Delphi is both an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western spur of Mount Parnassus in the valley of Phocis...

     is built.
  • c. 530 BC—Peplos Kore, from the Acropolis
    Acropolis
    Acropolis literally means city on the edge . In Greek, Acropolis means "Highest City". For purposes of defense, early settlers naturally chose elevated ground, frequently a hill with precipitous sides...

    , Athens
    Athens
    Athens , the capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the world's oldest cities, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years....

    , is made. It is now at Acropolis Museum
    Acropolis Museum
    The Old Acropolis Museum was an archaeological museum located in Athens, Greece on the archeological site of Acropolis. It is built in a niche at the eastern edge of the rock and most of it lies beneath the level of the hilltop, making it largely invisible. It was considered one of the major...

    , Athens
    Athens
    Athens , the capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the world's oldest cities, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years....

    .
  • c. 530 BC—Kroisos(?) Kuoros, from a cemetery at Anavysos, near Athens
    Athens
    Athens , the capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the world's oldest cities, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years....

     is made. It is now at National Archaeological Museum
    National Archaeological Museum
    National Archaeological Museum may refer to:* National Archaeological Museum * National Archaeological Museum , * National Archaeological Museum ,...

    , Athens
    Athens
    Athens , the capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the world's oldest cities, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years....

    .
  • c. 530 BC—525 BC—Siphnian Treasury, Delphi
    Delphi
    Delphi is both an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western spur of Mount Parnassus in the valley of Phocis...

    , is built.
  • c. 530 BC—525 BC—Battle between the Gods and the Giants, fragments of the north frieze of the Siphnian Treasury
    Siphnian Treasury
    The Siphnian Treasury was a dedicated building to the Greek polis, or city-state, of Delphi, by the Greek city-state of Siphnos. Such dedications were common among city-states in order to win the favor of the gods....

    , from the Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi
    Delphi
    Delphi is both an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western spur of Mount Parnassus in the valley of Phocis...

    , is made. It is now at the Delphi Archaeological Museum
    Delphi Archaeological Museum
    Delphi Archaeological museum is the museum that houses the ancient artifacts that were found in Delphi, Greece. Its centerpiece are the antiquities found in the complex of the ancient Oracle of Delphi from the 18th century BC when the oracle was founded to its decline in Late Antiquity...

    .

Significant people

  • 539 BC/538 BC—Death of Nabonidus
    Nabonidus
    Nabonidus was the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, reigning from 556-539 BCE.-Historiography on Nabonidus:...

    , the last king of Babylon
    Babylon
    Babylon was a city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad...

  • c. 535 BC—Birth of Heraclitus
    Heraclitus
    Heraclitus of Ephesus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom...

     of Ephesus
    Ephesus
    Ephesus was an ancient Roman and Greek city on the west coast of Anatolia, near present-day Selçuk, Izmir Province, Turkey. It was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League during the Classical Greek period....

    , Greek philosopher
  • c. 531 BC—Death of Laozi
    Laozi
    Laozi was a philosopher of ancient China and is a central figure in Taoism . Laozi literally means "Old Master" and is generally considered an honorific...

    , founder of Taoism
    Taoism
    Daoism refers to a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions and concepts that have influenced East Asia for over two millennia and the West for over two centuries. The word 道, Tao , means "path" or "way", although in Chinese folk religion and philosophy it has taken on more...

     (traditional date)