1978 in science

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Computer science

• February 16 - The first computer
  Computer
  
  A computer is a machine that manipulates Data according to a list of Code .The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century , although the computer concept and various machines similar to computers existed earlier....
   bulletin board system
  Bulletin board system
  
  File:Monochrome-bbs.pngA Bulletin Board System, or BBS, is a computer system running list of BBS software that allows User to Telecommunication circuit and Logging to the system using a terminal program....
   is created (CBBS in Chicago, Illinois).

Awards

• Fields Prize in Mathematics
  Fields Medal
  
  The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians not over 40 years of age at each International Congress of Mathematicians of the International Mathematical Union, a meeting that takes place every four years....
  : Pierre Deligne
  Pierre Deligne
  
  Pierre Ren?, Viscount Deligne is a Belgium mathematician. He is known for fundamental work on the Weil conjectures, leading finally to a complete proof in 1973....
  , Charles Fefferman
  Charles Fefferman
  
  Charles Louis Fefferman is an United States mathematician at Princeton University. His primary field of research is mathematical analysis.A child prodigy, Fefferman entered college by twelve and had written his first scientific paper by the age of 15 in German language....
  , Grigory Margulis
  Grigory Margulis
  
  Gregori Aleksandrovich Margulis is a Russian mathematician known for his far-reaching work on lattice s in Lie groups, and the introduction of methods from ergodic theory into diophantine approximation....
   and Daniel Quillen
  Daniel Quillen
  
  Daniel Gray Quillen is an United States mathematician and a Fields Medalist.From 1984 to 2006 he was the Waynflete Professorships#Waynflete Professors of Pure Mathematics at Magdalen College, Oxford....
  
• Nobel Prize
  Nobel Prize
  
  The Nobel Prize , established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, and Nobel Peace Prize in 1901....
  s
• Physics
  Nobel Prize in Physics
  
  The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine....
   - Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias
  Arno Allan Penzias
  
  Arno Allan Penzias is an United States physicist and Nobel laureate in Nobel Prize in physics.Penzias was born in Munich, Germany. At age six he was among the Jews in Germany children evacuated to United Kingdom as part of the Kindertransport rescue operation....
  , Robert Woodrow Wilson
  Robert Woodrow Wilson
  
  Robert Woodrow Wilson is an United States astronomer, Nobel laureate in Nobel Prize in physics, who with Arno Allan Penzias discovered in 1964 the cosmic microwave background radiation ....
  
• Chemistry
  Nobel Prize in Chemistry
  
  The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Pri...
   - Peter D. Mitchell
  Peter D. Mitchell
  
  Peter Dennis Mitchell was a British biochemist who was awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his discovery of the chemiosmotic mechanism of adenosine triphosphate synthesis....
  
• Medicine
  Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  
  The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institutet. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Physiology or Medic...
   - Werner Arber
  Werner Arber
  
  Werner Arber is a Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. Along with American researchers Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans, Werner Arber shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction endonucleases....
  , Daniel Nathans
  Daniel Nathans
  
  Daniel Nathans was an American microbiologist.He was born in Wilmington, Delaware, Delaware, the last of nine children born to Russian Jewish immigrant parents....
  , Hamilton O. Smith
  Hamilton O. Smith
  
  Hamilton Othanel Smith is an American microbiologist and Nobel laureate.Smith was born on August 23, 1931, and graduated from University Laboratory High School of Urbana, Illinois....
  
• Turing Award
  Turing Award
  
  The A. M. Turing Award is given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery to "an individual selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community....
   - Robert Floyd
  Robert Floyd
  
  Robert W Floyd was an eminent computer scientist.Born in New York, Floyd finished school at age 14. At the University of Chicago, he received a Bachelor's degree in liberal arts in 1953 and a second Bachelor's degree in physics in 1958....
  

Births

Deaths

• January 14 - Kurt Gödel
  Kurt Gödel
  
  Kurt G?del was an Austrian-United States logician, mathematician and philosopher. One of the most significant logicians of all time, G?del made an immense impact upon scientific and philosophical thinking in the 20th century, a time when many, such as Bertrand Russell, A....
   (b. 1906
  1906 in science
  
  The year 1906 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below....
  ), American
  United States
  
  The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
   mathematician
  Mathematician
  
  A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and/or research is the field of mathematics....
  .
• March 31 - Charles Best
  Charles Best
  
  Charles Herbert Best, Order of Canada was a medical scientist. He was one of the co-discoverer of insulin.Born in West Pembroke, Washington County, Maine, Maine, the son of Luella Fisher Best and Herbert Huestis Best, his parents were Canadians from Nova Scotia....
   (b. 1899
  1899 in science
  
  The year 1899 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below....
  ), medical scientist
• September 15 - Willy Messerschmitt
  Willy Messerschmitt
  
  Wilhelm Emil "Willy" Messerschmitt was a legendary Germany aircraft designer and manufacturer. He was born in Frankfurt am Main, the son of a wine merchant....
   (b. 1898
  1898 in science
  
  The year 1898 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below....
  ), German
  Germany
  
  Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
   aircraft
  Aircraft
  
  An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to flight by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere, of a planet. Examples include balloons, airplanes and helicopters....
   engineer
  Engineer
  
  An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of engineering. Engineers are concerned with developing economical and safe solutions to practical problems, by applying mathematics and scientific knowledge while considering technical constraints....
  .
• November 15 - Margaret Mead
  Margaret Mead
  
  Margaret Mead was an United States cultural anthropology, who was frequently a featured writer and speaker in the mass media throughout the 1960s and 1970s....
   (b. 1901
  1901 in science
  
  The year 1901 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below....
  ), cultural anthropologist.