1870 in France
Encyclopedia
See also:
1869 in France
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other events of 1870,
1871 in France
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Events from the year 1870 in France.
1869 in France
1869 in France
See also:1868 in France,other events of 1869,1870 in France.----Events from the year 1869 in France.-Events:*23 May - Legislative election held.*6 June - Legislative election held to elect the fourth legislature of the French Second Empire....
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other events of 1870,
1871 in France
1871 in France
See also:1870 in France,other events of 1871,1872 in France.----Events from the year 1871 in France.- Events :* 3 January - Battle of Bapaume...
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Events from the year 1870 in France.
Events
- 20 April - Constitutional referendumFrench constitutional referendum, 1870A constitutional referendum was held in France on 8 May 1870. Voters were asked whether they approved of the liberal reforms made to the constitution since 1860 and passed by the Sénatus-consulte on 20 April 1870. The changes were approved by 82.7% of voters with an 81.3% turnout...
reaffirmed the status of the Second French EmpireSecond French EmpireThe Second French Empire or French Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.-Rule of Napoleon III:...
. - 19 July - France declares war on PrussiaPrussiaPrussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
following the Ems DispatchEms DispatchThe Ems Dispatch , sometimes called the Ems Telegram, caused France to declare the Franco-Prussian War in July 1870. The actual dispatch was an internal message from the Prussian King's vacationing site to Bismarck in Berlin, reporting demands made by the French ambassador; it was Bismarck's...
. - 4 August - Battle of Wissembourg, Prussian forces overwhelm the French garrison at WissembourgWissembourgWissembourg is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in northeastern France.It is situated on the little River Lauter close to the border between France and Germany approximately north of Strasbourg and west of Karlsruhe. Wissembourg is a sub-prefecture of the department...
. - 6 August - Battle of SpicherenBattle of SpicherenThe Battle of Spicheren, also known as the Battle of Forbach, was a battle during the Franco-Prussian War. The German victory compelled the French to withdraw to the defenses of Metz.- History :...
, near SaarbrückenSaarbrückenSaarbrücken is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. The city is situated at the heart of a metropolitan area that borders on the west on Dillingen and to the north-east on Neunkirchen, where most of the people of the Saarland live....
, Prussian victory. - 6 August - Battle of Wœrth, decisive Prussian victory.
- 14 August - Battle of Borny-ColombeyBattle of Borny-ColombeyThe Battle of Borny-Colombey was a minor battle of the Franco-Prussian War. It saw the escape route of the French army under François Bazaine blocked when they encountered the First Army under von Steinmetz...
. Prussian victory, French retreat upon MetzMetzMetz is a city in the northeast of France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.Metz is the capital of the Lorraine region and prefecture of the Moselle department. Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany, and Luxembourg, Metz forms a central place...
. - 15 August - Siege of StrasbourgSiege of StrasbourgThe Siege of Strasbourg took place during the Franco-Prussian War, and resulted in the French surrender of the fortress on 28 September 1870.-Background:...
begins. - 16 August - Battle of Mars-la-TourBattle of Mars-La-TourThe Battle of Mars-La-Tour was fought on 16 August 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War near the town of Mars-La-Tour in northeast France. Two Prussian corps encountered the entire French Army of the Rhine in a meeting engagement, and with the surprise entailed, successfully forced the Army of the...
, Prussian victory. - 18 August - Battle of GravelotteBattle of GravelotteThe Battle of Gravelotte was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War named after Gravelotte, a village in Lorraine between Metz and the former French–German frontier.-Terrain and armies:...
, Prussian victory. - 30 August - Battle of BeaumontBattle of BeaumontThe Battle of Beaumont on August 30, 1870 was won by Prussia during the Franco-Prussian War.It was fought between Fifth French Corps d'Armee under General Pierre Louis Charles de Failly, and the IV and XII Army Corps under Prince George of Saxony The Battle of Beaumont on August 30, 1870 was won...
, Prussian victory. - 31 August - Battle of NoisevilleBattle of NoisevilleThe Battle of Noisseville on August 31, 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War and ended in a Prussian victory.Traveling from Metz, the French forces under Marshal François Achille Bazaine attempted to break through the investing line of the Prussian forces under Prince Frederick Charles...
, Prussian victory. - 1 September - Battle of SedanBattle of SedanThe Battle of Sedan was fought during the Franco-Prussian War on 1 September 1870. It resulted in the capture of Emperor Napoleon III and large numbers of his troops and for all intents and purposes decided the war in favour of Prussia and its allies, though fighting continued under a new French...
, decisive Prussian victory. - 2 September - Napoleon IIINapoleon III of FranceLouis-Napoléon Bonaparte was the President of the French Second Republic and as Napoleon III, the ruler of the Second French Empire. He was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I, christened as Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte...
surrenders himself and the entire Army of ChâlonsArmy of ChâlonsThe Army of Châlons was a French army which took part in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71. It was formed in August 1870 from parts of the Army of the Rhine not blockaded at Metz...
to the Prussians. Napoleon III declares the Second Empire dissolved. - 3 September - Siege of MetzSiege of MetzThe Siege of Metz lasting from 19 August – 27 October 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War and ended in a decisive Prussian victory.-History:...
begins with French forces besieged. - 4 September - Third RepublicFrench Third RepublicThe French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France...
declared in Paris. Government of National DefenseGovernment of National DefenseLe Gouvernement de la Défense Nationale, or The Government of National Defence, was the first Government of the Third Republic of France from September 4, 1870, to February 13, 1871, during the Franco-Prussian War, formed after the Emperor Louis Napoleon III was captured by the Prussian army. The...
established. - 4 September - Empress Eugenie flees to England with her children.
- 19 September - Siege of ParisSiege of ParisThe Siege of Paris, lasting from September 19, 1870 – January 28, 1871, and the consequent capture of the city by Prussian forces led to French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the establishment of the German Empire as well as the Paris Commune....
begins. - 27 September-30 September, Battle of Le BourgetBattle of Le BourgetThe Battle of Le Bourget was part of the siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War, fought between 27 and 30 September 1870.-Background:...
, part of siege of Paris, Prussian victory. - 28 September - Siege of StrasbourgSiege of StrasbourgThe Siege of Strasbourg took place during the Franco-Prussian War, and resulted in the French surrender of the fortress on 28 September 1870.-Background:...
ends with French surrender. - 30 September - Battle of ChevillyBattle of ChevillyThe Battle of Chevilly was fought during the siege of Paris. The battle was the second French sortie from Paris against the German armies. On September 30, 1870 General Joseph Vinoy attacked the Prussian VI Corps at Chevilly and was easily repulsed....
, fought during the siege of Paris, Prussian victory. - 8 October - Leon Michel Gambetta escapes the besieged Paris in a hot-air balloon.
- 18 October - Battle of BellevueBattle of BellevueThe Battle of Bellevue on October 18, 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War and ended in a Prussian victory.The French forces under Marshal François Achille Bazaine attempted to break through the lines of the Prussians investing Metz. They were unsuccessful and were driven back into the...
, near Metz, Prussian victory. - 23 October - Siege of Metz ends with French surrender.
- 3 November - Siege of BelfortSiege of BelfortThe Siege of Belfort was a 103-day military assault and blockade of the city of Belfort, France by Prussian forces during the Franco-Prussian War...
begins with French troops besieged. - 9 November - Battle of CoulmiersBattle of CoulmiersThe Battle of Coulmiers was fought on November 9, 1870 between French and Bavarian forces during the Franco-Prussian War, ending in French victory.- The struggle :...
, French victory over BavarianKingdom of BavariaThe Kingdom of Bavaria was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918. The Bavarian Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of the House of Wittelsbach became the first King of Bavaria in 1806 as Maximilian I Joseph. The monarchy would remain held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom's dissolution in 1918...
forces. - 11 November - French retake OrléansOrléans-Prehistory and Roman:Cenabum was a Gallic stronghold, one of the principal towns of the Carnutes tribe where the Druids held their annual assembly. It was conquered and destroyed by Julius Caesar in 52 BC, then rebuilt under the Roman Empire...
. - 27 November - Battle of AmiensBattle of Amiens (1870)Battle of Amiens on November 27, 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War, ending in a Prussian victory.The French under General Faure fought the Prussians under Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel in Amiens, France. Having already capitulated at Metz, the French were compelled to leave the city of...
, Prussian victory. - 28 November - Battle of Beaune-la-RolandeBattle of Beaune-la-RolandeThe Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande on 28 November 1870 was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War, won by Prussia. In an attempt to relieve the Siege of Paris, French General Crouzat's XX Corps launched an attack against three Prussian brigades resting in Beaune-la-Rolande...
, Prussian victory. - 29 November - Battle of VilliersBattle of VilliersThe Battle of Villiers was the largest of the French sorties from besieged Paris during the Franco-Prussian War.-Background:After the French defeat at the battle of Le Bourget and hearing of the surrender of Metz, morale began to drop in Paris...
, largest of the French sorties from besieged Paris, begins. - 2 December - Battle of Loigny-PoupryBattle of Loigny-PoupryThe Battle of Loigny-Poupry was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War. It took place on 2 December 1870 during the Loire Campaign near the town of Loigny...
, Prussian victory. - 3 December - Battle of Villiers ends with Prussian victory.
- 3 December-4 December - Second Battle of OrléansSecond Battle of Orléans (1870)The Second Battle of Orléans was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. It took place on December 3 and 4, 1870 and was part of the Loire Campaign...
, Prussians recapture Orléans. - 23 December-24 December - Battle of HallueBattle of HallueThe Battle of Hallue was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War on December 23 and 24, 1870.The battle was fought between 40,000 French under General Louis Faidherbe and 22,500 Prussian troops under Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel. The French lost heavily in the village lying in front of their position....
results in stalemate.
Arts and literature
- February - Sculptor, Aimé MilletAimé MilletAimé Millet was a noted French sculptor, who was born and died in Paris.Millet was the son of miniaturist Frederick Millet and uncle to Chicago architectural decorator Julian Louis Millet...
, is appointed professor at the École des Arts décoratifsÉcole nationale supérieure des arts décoratifsThe École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs is a public university of art and design and is one of the most prestigious French grande école...
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Births
- 25 January - Henry BordeauxHenry BordeauxHenri Bordeaux was a French writer and lawyer.Bordeaux came from a family of lawyers of Savoy. His grandfather was a magistrate and his father served on the Chambéry bar. During his early life, he relocated between Savoy and Paris and the tensions between provincial and city life influenced his...
, writer and lawyer (d.19631963 in FranceSee also:1962 in France,other events of 1963,1964 in France.----Events from the year 1963 in France.-Events:*22 January - Élysée Treaty signed by Charles de Gaulle and Konrad Adenauer....
). - 28 April - Frédéric Justin ColletFrédéric Justin ColletFrédéric Justin Collet was a French pathologist and otolaryngologist.He studied medicine in Lyon, where he had as instructors Raphaël Lépine , and Antonin Poncet . In 1894 he obtained his doctorate, and in 1901 was appointed médecin des hôpitaux...
, pathologist and otolaryngologist (d.19661966 in FranceSee also:1965 in France,other events of 1966,1967 in France.----Events from the year 1966 in France.-Events:*4 January - A gas leak fire at the Feyzin oil refinery near Lyon, kills 18 and injures 84....
). - 24 September - Georges ClaudeGeorges ClaudeGeorges Claude was a French engineer and inventor. He is noted for his early work on the industrial liquefaction of air, for the invention and commercialization of neon lighting, and for a large experiment on generating energy by pumping cold seawater up from the depths...
, engineer, chemist and inventor (d.19601960 in FranceSee also:1959 in France,other events of 1960,1961 in France.----Events from the year 1960 in France.-Events:*6 January - Manifesto of the 121 is published....
). - 30 September - Jean Baptiste PerrinJean Baptiste PerrinJean Baptiste Perrin was a French physicist and Nobel laureate.-Early years:Born in Lille, France, Perrin attended the École Normale Supérieure, the elite grande école in Paris. He became an assistant at the school during the period of 1894-97 when he began the study of cathode rays and X-rays...
, physicistPhysicistA physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole...
and Nobel laureate (d.19421942 in France1941 in France,other events of 1942,1943 in France.----Events from the year 1942 in France.-Events:*19 February - Riom Trial begins, attempt by Vichy France regime to prove that the leaders of the French Third Republic had been responsible for France's defeat by Germany in 1940.*28 March - British...
). - 8 October - Louis VierneLouis VierneLouis Victor Jules Vierne was a French organist and composer.-Life:Louis Vierne was born in Poitiers, Vienne, nearly blind due to congenital cataracts, but at an early age was discovered to have an unusual gift for music. Louis Victor Jules Vierne (8 October 1870 – 2 June 1937) was a French...
, organist and composer (d.19371937 in FranceSee also:1936 in France,other events of 1937,1938 in France.----Events from the year 1937 in France.-Events:*1 May - General strike in Paris.*21 June - Coalition government of Léon Blum resigns.-Sport:*30 June - Tour de France begins....
). - 10 December - Mary BonaparteMary BonaparteMary Léonie Eugénie Mathilde Jeanne Julie Zénaïde Bonaparte was the eldest daughter of Prince Napoléon Bonaparte of Canino and Christine Ruspoli. On 25 November 1891 in Rome she married Enrico Gotti. They had no children.-References:...
, eldest daughter of Prince Napoléon Bonaparte of CaninoPrince Napoléon Bonaparte of CaninoNapoléon Charles Grégoire Jacques Philippe Bonaparte, 5th Prince of Canino and Musignano was born in Rome the son of Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte and Princess Zénaïde Bonaparte, but his real mother was Maria Testaferrata, Charles' mistress.Prince Napoléon Charles served in the French Army and...
(d.19471947 in FranceSee also:1946 in France,other events of 1947,1948 in France.----Events from the year 1947 in France.-Events:*16 January - Vincent Auriol is inaugurated as President of France....
).
January to June
- 1 February - Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'AngélyAuguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'AngélyAuguste Michel Étienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély, later 2nd Count Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély was a Marshal of France, soldier and politician....
, Marshal of FranceMarshal of FranceThe Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
(b.17941794 in FranceSee also:1793 in France,other events of 1794,1795 in France.----Events from the year 1794 in France.-Events:*4 February - The French Republic abolishes slavery....
). - 19 February - Nathaniel de RothschildNathaniel de RothschildNathaniel de Rothschild, , known as "Nat," was the founder of the French wine-making branch of the Rothschild family.-Family:...
, founder of the wine-making branch of the Rothschild familyRothschild familyThe Rothschild family , known as The House of Rothschild, or more simply as the Rothschilds, is a Jewish-German family that established European banking and finance houses starting in the late 18th century...
(b.1812). - 20 June - Jules de GoncourtJules de GoncourtJules de Goncourt , born Jules Alfred Huot de Goncourt, was a French writer, who published books together with his brother Edmond.- Works :With Edmond de Goncourt:* Sœur Philomène...
, writer (b.18301830 in FranceSee also:1829 in France,other events of 1830,1831 in France.----Events from the year 1830 in France.-Events:* July 5 - France invades Algeria.* July 17 - Barthélemy Thimonnier is granted a patent for a sewing machine...
).
July to December
- 15 August - Ardant du PicqArdant du PicqCharles Jean Jacques Joseph Ardant du Picq was a French Army officer and military theorist of the mid-nineteenth century whose writings, as they were later interpreted by other theorists, had a great effect on French military theory and doctrine.-Life and career:Ardant du Picq was born at...
, ColonelColonelColonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
and militaryMilitaryA military is an organization authorized by its greater society to use lethal force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or perceived threats. The military may have additional functions of use to its greater society, such as advancing a political agenda e.g...
theorist (b.18191819 in FranceSee also:1818 in France,other events of 1819,1820 in France.----Events from the year 1819 in France.-January to June:*1 March - François-Marie-Benjamin Richard, Archbishop of Paris ....
). - 2 September - Charles Joseph, comte de FlahautCharles Joseph, comte de FlahautAuguste Charles Joseph de Flahaut de La Billarderie, Comte de Flahaut de La Billarderie was a French general and statesman...
, general and statesman (b.1785). - 23 September - Prosper MériméeProsper MériméeProsper Mérimée was a French dramatist, historian, archaeologist, and short story writer. He is perhaps best known for his novella Carmen, which became the basis of Bizet's opera Carmen.-Life:...
, dramatist, historian and archaeologist (b.18031803 in FranceSee also:1802 in France,other events of 1803,1804 in France.----Events from the year 1803 in France.-Events:*30 January - Monroe and Livingston sail for Paris to discuss, and possibly buy, New Orleans: they end completing the Louisiana Purchase....
). - 25 October - Etienne-Michel FaillonEtienne-Michel FaillonEtienne-Michel Faillon was a Catholic historian.Faillon was born in Tarascon, France. He studied in Avignon and Aix-en-Provence, joined the Sulpicians , and was ordained priest in 1824...
, Roman Catholic historian (b.18001800 in FranceSee also:1799 in France,other events of 1800,1801 in France.----Events from the year 1800 in France.-Events:*January - Constitutional Referendum held which ratified a new constitution.*13 February - Foundation of the Banque de France....
). - 28 October - Jean-Pierre FalretJean-Pierre FalretJean-Pierre Falret was a French psychiatrist born in Marseille.In 1811 he began his medical studies in Paris, where he was inspired by the work of Philippe Pinel and Jean Étienne Dominique Esquirol...
, psychiatristPsychiatristA psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. All psychiatrists are trained in diagnostic evaluation and in psychotherapy...
(b.17941794 in FranceSee also:1793 in France,other events of 1794,1795 in France.----Events from the year 1794 in France.-Events:*4 February - The French Republic abolishes slavery....
). - 29 October - Jules BarocheJules BarochePierre Jules Baroche was a French statesman, who served as minister in several of Napoleon III's governments...
, statesman and Minister (b.18021802 in FranceSee also:1801 in France,other events of 1802,1802 in France.----Events from the year 1802 in France.-Events:*23 February - Haitian Revolution: Battle of Ravine-à-Couleuvres, French victory....
). - 24 November - Comte de LautréamontComte de LautréamontComte de Lautréamont was the pseudonym of Isidore Lucien Ducasse , an Uruguayan-born French poet....
, poet (b.18461846 in FranceSee also:1845 in France,other events of 1846,1847 in France.----Events from the year 1846 in France.-Events:*1 August - Legislative election held for the seventh legislature of the July Monarchy.-Births:...
). - 28 November - Frédéric BazilleFrédéric BazilleJean Frédéric Bazille was a French Impressionist painter. Many of Bazille's major works are examples of figure painting in which Bazille placed the subject figure within a landscape painted en plein air....
, painter (b.18411841 in FranceSee also:1840 in France,other events of 1841,1842 in France.----Events from the year 1841 in France.-Births:*7 January - Bernadette Soubirous, reported apparitions at Lourdes .*14 January - Berthe Morisot, painter ....
). - 5 December - Alexandre Dumas, pèreAlexandre Dumas, pèreAlexandre Dumas, , born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie was a French writer, best known for his historical novels of high adventure which have made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world...
, writer (b.18021802 in FranceSee also:1801 in France,other events of 1802,1802 in France.----Events from the year 1802 in France.-Events:*23 February - Haitian Revolution: Battle of Ravine-à-Couleuvres, French victory....
). - 26 December - Marie Dominique BouixMarie Dominique BouixMarie Dominique Bouix was a French Jesuit canon lawyer.His life was a long battle with Gallicanism...
, Jesuit canon lawyer (b.18081808 in FranceSee also:1807 in France,other events of 1808,1809 in France.----Events from the year 1808 in France.-Events:*22 January - The Bragança Portuguese Royal Family arrives in Brazil, having fled the French army....
).