1654 in England
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 1654 in England: |
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| 1652 1652 in England Events from the year 1652 in the Commonwealth of England.-Events:* 19 May - First Anglo-Dutch War: Battle of Goodwin Sands fought off Dover between Lt.-Admiral Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp's 42 Dutch ships and 21 English ships divided into two squadrons, one commanded by Robert Blake and the other... | 1653 1653 in England Events from the year 1653 in the Commonwealth of England.-Events:* 28 February–2 March - First Anglo–Dutch War: Battle of Portland.* 14 March - First Anglo–Dutch War: A Dutch fleet defeats the English at the Battle of Leghorn... | 1654 | 1655 1655 in England Events from the year 1655 in the The Protectorate.-Events:* 22 January - Oliver Cromwell dissolves the First Protectorate Parliament.* 11 March–14 March - Penruddock uprising: a Royalist uprising in Wiltshire is quickly defeated.... | 1656 1656 in England Events from the year 1656 in the The Protectorate.-Events:* 2 April - Anglo-Spanish War: King Philip IV of Spain signs a treaty with Charles II of England for the reconquest of England.* 17 September** The Second Protectorate Parliament assembles.... |
Events from the year 1654 in The Protectorate
The Protectorate
In British history, the Protectorate was the period 1653–1659 during which the Commonwealth of England was governed by a Lord Protector.-Background:...
.
Events
- 5 April - Signing of the Treaty of WestminsterTreaty of Westminster (1654)The Treaty of Westminster was signed on 8 May 1654, which ended the First Anglo-Dutch War . Based on the terms of the accord, the United Provinces recognized Oliver Cromwell's Navigation Acts, which required that imports to the Commonwealth of England must be carried in English ships, or ships from...
ends the First Anglo-Dutch WarFirst Anglo-Dutch WarThe First Anglo–Dutch War was the first of the four Anglo–Dutch Wars. It was fought entirely at sea between the navies of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands. Caused by disputes over trade, the war began with English attacks on Dutch merchant shipping, but...
, and the DutchNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
agree to observe the Navigation ActsNavigation ActsThe English Navigation Acts were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies, a process which had started in 1651. Their goal was to force colonial development into lines favorable to England, and stop direct colonial trade with the...
. - 11 April - England signs a treaty of commerce1654 Anglo-Swedish allianceThe 1654 Anglo-Swedish alliance was signed by Bulstrode Whitelocke, representing the Commonwealth of England, and Christina, Queen of Sweden in Uppsala, Sweden in 1654. Its main purpose was the offset the alliance between Denmark and the Netherlands. It was signed on April 28, but antedated April 11....
with SwedenSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
. - 12 April - Oliver CromwellOliver CromwellOliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader who overthrew the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican Commonwealth, and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland....
creates a union between England and ScotlandScotlandScotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
, with Scottish representation in the Parliament of EnglandParliament of EnglandThe Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England. In 1066, William of Normandy introduced a feudal system, by which he sought the advice of a council of tenants-in-chief and ecclesiastics before making laws...
. - August - The 'Western Design'; an expedition to the CaribbeanCaribbeanThe Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...
to counter Spanish commercial interests. - 3 September - First Protectorate ParliamentFirst Protectorate ParliamentThe First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government. It sat for one term from 3 September 1654 until 22 January 1655 with William Lenthall as the Speaker of the House....
assembles.
Undated
- Beginning of the Anglo-Spanish WarAnglo-Spanish War (1654)The Anglo-Spanish War was a conflict between the English Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell and Spain, between 1654 and 1660. It was caused by commercial rivalry. Each side attacked the other's commercial and colonial interests in various ways such as privateering and naval expeditions. In 1655, an...
which lasted until after the RestorationEnglish RestorationThe Restoration of the English monarchy began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Interregnum that followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms...
in 1660. - Commission of Triers fills empty Anglican beneficeBeneficeA benefice is a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services. The term is now almost obsolete.-Church of England:...
s with PuritanPuritanThe Puritans were a significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. Puritanism in this sense was founded by some Marian exiles from the clergy shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1558, as an activist movement within the Church of England...
ministers.
Births
- 10 January - Joshua BarnesJoshua BarnesJoshua Barnes , was an English scholar.He was born in London, the son of Edward Barnes, a merchant taylor.Educated at Christ's Hospital and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, he was in 1695 chosen Regius Professor of Greek, a language which he wrote and spoke with the utmost facility.One of his first...
, scholar (died 17121712 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1712 in Great Britain.-Events:* 1 January - War of the Spanish Succession: Peace congress opens at Utrecht.* 17 January - Robert Walpole imprisoned in the Tower of London following charges of corruption....
) - 22 January - Richard BlackmoreRichard BlackmoreSir Richard Blackmore , English poet and physician, is remembered primarily as the object of satire and as an example of a dull poet. He was, however, a respected physician and religious writer....
, physician and writer (died 17291729 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1729 in Great Britain.-Incumbents:*Monarch - King George II*Prime Minister - Robert Walpole, Whig-Events:* 1 May - A tornado destroys buildings in Sussex and Kent....
) - 22 February - Elizabeth Monck, Duchess of AlbemarleElizabeth Monck, Duchess of AlbemarleElizabeth Monck, Duchess of Albermarle , was born Lady Elizabeth Cavendish and known for most of her life as the Mad Duchess of Albemarle....
, (died 17341734 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1734 in Great Britain.-Incumbents:*Monarch - King George II*Prime Minister - Robert Walpole, Whig-Events:* November - General election results in Robert Walpole winning his third victory as Prime Minister.-Undated:...
) - 27 April - Charles BlountCharles Blount (deist)Charles Blount was a British deist and controversialist who published several anonymous essays critical of the existing English order.-Life:...
, deist (died 16931693 in EnglandEvents from the year 1693 in the Kingdom of England.-Incumbents:*Co-Monarchs - William and Mary-Events:* March - William Congreve's first play, the comedy The Old Bachelor, is performed at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane....
) - 23 June - Richard Onslow, 1st Baron OnslowRichard Onslow, 1st Baron OnslowRichard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow PC was a British Whig Member of Parliament, known as Sir Richard Onslow, 2nd Baronet from 1688 until 1716. He served as the Speaker of the House of Commons from 1708 until 1710 and as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1714 until 1715...
, politician (died 17171717 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1717 in Great Britain.-Events:* 1 January - Count Carl Gyllenborg, the Swedish ambassador, is arrested in London over a plot to assist the Pretender James Francis Edward Stuart....
) - John BellersJohn BellersJohn Bellers was an English educational theorist and Quaker, author of Proposals for Raising a College of Industry of All Useful Trades and Husbandry .-Life:...
, educationist (died 17251725 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1725 in Great Britain.-Incumbents:*Monarch - George I of Great Britain*Prime Minister - Robert Walpole, Whig-Events:* 18 May - The Order of the Bath founded by King George I....
) - Algernon Capell, 2nd Earl of EssexAlgernon Capell, 2nd Earl of EssexAlgernon Capell, 2nd Earl of Essex PC was an English nobleman, a soldier and courtier. He was the son of Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex and Elizabeth Percy. After his father's suicide in 1683, Capell became the 2nd Earl of Essex...
, (died 17101710 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1710 in Great Britain.-Events:* January - Food shortages in major cities due to the harsh winter.* 27 February–21 March - Trial of Henry Sacheverell for preaching criticism of the Glorious Revolution which was considered subversive by the Whig government.* 1 March - Riots in...
)
Deaths
- 8 February - John Talbot, 10th Earl of ShrewsburyJohn Talbot, 10th Earl of ShrewsburyJohn Talbot, 10th Earl of Shrewsbury, 10th Earl of Waterford was an English nobleman.He was the only child and son of John Talbot of Longford, Market Drayton, Shropshire John Talbot, 10th Earl of Shrewsbury, 10th Earl of Waterford (1601 - 8 February 1654) was an English nobleman.He was the only...
, (born 1601) - 3 June - Alethea Howard, Countess of ArundelAlethea Howard, Countess of ArundelAlethea Howard, 13th Baroness Furnivall, Countess of Arundel , née Lady Alethea Talbot, was the wife of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel...
, (born 1585) - 28 June - John Southworth, martyr (born 1592)
- July - Thomas GatakerThomas GatakerThomas Gataker was an English clergyman and theologian.-Life:He was born in London and educated at St John's College, Cambridge. From 1601 to 1611 he held the appointment of preacher to the society of Lincoln's Inn, which he resigned on accepting the rectory of Rotherhithe...
, clergy (born 1574) - 10 July - Peter VowellPeter VowellPeter Vowell was a schoolteacher executed as a Catholic and Royalist conspirator.In May 1654 Vowell, from Islington, was arrested for his part in a plot to assassinate Oliver Cromwell as the Lord Protector and his guard of thirty mounted troops, travelled to Hampton Court...
, Royalist conspirator (year of birth unknown) - 30 November
- William HabingtonWilliam HabingtonWilliam Habington was an English poet.He was born at Hindlip Hall, Worcestershire, and belonged to a well-known Catholic family...
, poet (born 1605) - John SeldenJohn SeldenJohn Selden was an English jurist and a scholar of England's ancient laws and constitution and scholar of Jewish law...
, jurist (born 1584)
- William Habington
- Sir William BrockmanSir William BrockmanSir William Brockman was an English military leader, politician, and land owner, and who fought for the Royalist cause in the English Civil War.-Early life:...
, military leader and politician (born 1595) - Edmund ChilmeadEdmund ChilmeadEdmund Chilmead was an English writer and translator, who produced both scholarly works and hack writing. He is also known as a musician.He studied at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he graduated M.A. in 1631...
, writer (born 1610) - Nicholas CulpeperNicholas CulpeperNicholas Culpeper was an English botanist, herbalist, physician, and astrologer. His published books include The English Physician and the Complete Herbal , which contain a rich store of pharmaceutical and herbal knowledge, and Astrological Judgement of Diseases from the Decumbiture of the Sick ,...
, astrologer (born 1616) - Roger DodsworthRoger DodsworthRoger Dodsworth was an English antiquary.-Life:He was born at Newton Grange, Oswaldkirk, near Helmsley, Yorkshire, in the house of his maternal grandfather, Ralph Sandwith...
, antiquary (born 1585)