Ústí nad Orlicí
Encyclopedia
Ústí nad Orlicí (ˈuːsciː ˈnat ʔorlɪtsiː; ) is a city in the Ústí nad Orlicí District
, Pardubice Region
in Eastern Bohemia
in the Czech Republic
. The town is in the Orlické Mountains
where the Tichá Orlice and the Třebovka rivers meet.
The town was founded in the thirteenth century, during reign of Přemysl Otakar II. The town centre has listed building status.
. In 1292 the Bohemian King Wenzel II. gifted the town to the Cistercian monks at Königsaal. They passed the town to the Leitomischl bishopric in 1358. After the Hussite Rebellion, when the churches influence was eclipsed, the town was owned by the Kostka von Postupice, the von Pernstein and the Hrzan von Harras families. Wildenschwert was first referred to as a town in 1544.
Since the end of the fifteenth century Wildenschwert was host to the Bohemian Brethren but expelled them in 1626 in the wake of the counter-reformation
. Then after the Battle of White Mountain
, 8 November 1620, Wildenschwert was under the control of the Dukes of Liechtenstein
. There were Guilds of Weavers established here in the sixteenth century. The town was slow to recover from the lootings of the thirty years war
, then was destroyed by fire in 1706. It gained municipal status in 1795. When Wildenschwert was connected to the railway network by the Olmütz
– Prague
Line in 1845, the textile business boomed. It gained the tagline of The Manchester of Eastern Bohemia, and became an important textile centre. It was an important railway junction and from 1850 became a regional centre. It was given the Czech name of Oustí or Austi; the nad Orlicí refers to the name of the local river.
Wildenschwert was a German speaking town in Austro-Hungary until it was allocated to Czechoslovakia in 1918 at the conclusion of the World War I
. Ústí nad Orlicí as it was now called remained an important textile town, and in the 1960s the Výzkumný ústav bavlnářský (Cotton Researching Institute) developed the Open end spinning
technique that provided a faster alternative to ring spinning
.
, Germany
Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Poland
Massa Martana
, Italy
Berlin
- Neukölln, Germany
Poprad
, Slovakia
Ústí nad Orlicí District
Ústí nad Orlicí District is a district within Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is city Ústí nad Orlicí. The district has borders with Pardubice District to the west, Svitavy District to the south and Chrudim District to the southwest.-External links:*...
, Pardubice Region
Pardubice Region
Pardubice Region is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located mainly in the eastern part of its historical region of Bohemia, with a small part in northwestern Moravia. It is named after its capital Pardubice. "There are a total of 452 municipalities in the region...
in Eastern Bohemia
Bohemia
Bohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague...
in the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. The town is in the Orlické Mountains
Orlické hory
The Orlické Mountains ) are a mountain range located mainly in northeastern Bohemia in Czech Republic, forming a subgroup of the Central Sudetes. They follow the border with Klodzko Land in Poland for 25 miles . The mountains are mainly composed of crystalline rocks, consistent with the makeup of...
where the Tichá Orlice and the Třebovka rivers meet.
The town was founded in the thirteenth century, during reign of Přemysl Otakar II. The town centre has listed building status.
History
Wildenschwert was founded 1241 by . It was first called Wilhelmswert and was part of the Herrschaft LandskronLanškroun
Lanškroun , also known as Lanskron, Lanscron, Landeskrone, and Kronland, is a town and municipality in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. On the border between the former provinces of Bohemia and Moravia, it had a population of 9,911 .The town was founded in the thirteenth century as the...
. In 1292 the Bohemian King Wenzel II. gifted the town to the Cistercian monks at Königsaal. They passed the town to the Leitomischl bishopric in 1358. After the Hussite Rebellion, when the churches influence was eclipsed, the town was owned by the Kostka von Postupice, the von Pernstein and the Hrzan von Harras families. Wildenschwert was first referred to as a town in 1544.
Since the end of the fifteenth century Wildenschwert was host to the Bohemian Brethren but expelled them in 1626 in the wake of the counter-reformation
Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation was the period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War, 1648 as a response to the Protestant Reformation.The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort, composed of four major elements:#Ecclesiastical or...
. Then after the Battle of White Mountain
Battle of White Mountain
The Battle of White Mountain, 8 November 1620 was an early battle in the Thirty Years' War in which an army of 30,000 Bohemians and mercenaries under Christian of Anhalt were routed by 27,000 men of the combined armies of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor under Charles Bonaventure de Longueval,...
, 8 November 1620, Wildenschwert was under the control of the Dukes of Liechtenstein
Princely Family of Liechtenstein
The Liechtenstein dynasty, from which the principality takes its name, is the family which reigns by constitutional, hereditary right over the nation of Liechtenstein...
. There were Guilds of Weavers established here in the sixteenth century. The town was slow to recover from the lootings of the thirty years war
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history....
, then was destroyed by fire in 1706. It gained municipal status in 1795. When Wildenschwert was connected to the railway network by the Olmütz
Olomouc
Olomouc is a city in Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic. The city is located on the Morava river and is the ecclesiastical metropolis and historical capital city of Moravia. Nowadays, it is an administrative centre of the Olomouc Region and sixth largest city in the Czech Republic...
– Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
Line in 1845, the textile business boomed. It gained the tagline of The Manchester of Eastern Bohemia, and became an important textile centre. It was an important railway junction and from 1850 became a regional centre. It was given the Czech name of Oustí or Austi; the nad Orlicí refers to the name of the local river.
Wildenschwert was a German speaking town in Austro-Hungary until it was allocated to Czechoslovakia in 1918 at the conclusion of the World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. Ústí nad Orlicí as it was now called remained an important textile town, and in the 1960s the Výzkumný ústav bavlnářský (Cotton Researching Institute) developed the Open end spinning
Open end spinning
Open end spinning or open-end spinning is a technology for creating yarn without using a spindle. It was invented and developed in Czechoslovakia in Výzkumný ústav bavlnářský / Cotton Researching Institute in Ústí nad Orlicí in the year 1963....
technique that provided a faster alternative to ring spinning
Ring spinning
Ring spinning is a method of spinning fibres, such as cotton, flax or wool, to make a yarn. The ring frame developed from the throstle frame, which in its turn was a descendant of Arkwright's water frame. Ring spinning is a continuous process, unlike mule spinning which uses an intermittent action...
.
People
- Leopold JansaLeopold JansaLeopold Jansa was a Bohemian violinist, composer, and teacher....
, aka Quido Kocián (1874–1928), sculptor - Jaroslav KocianJaroslav KocianJaroslav Kocián was a Czech violinist, classical composer and teacher.- Life :He studied in Prague under Otakar Ševčík, and is considered together with Jan Kubelík as the most important representative of "Ševčík´s school"....
(1883–1950), vialinist (1895–1962), composer - Fritz Löhner-BedaFritz Löhner-BedaFritz Löhner-Beda , born Friedrich Löwy, was an Austrian librettist, lyricist and writer.- Life :He was born in Wildenschwert, Bohemia ....
(1883–1942), Jewish author - Oldřich MarekOldrich MarekOldřich Marek was a Czech entomologist and teacher, member of Czechoslovak entomological society in Prague since 1940.-Life:Oldřich Marek was born on April 3, 1911 in Ústí nad Orlicí. He attended Primary school in Dolní Čermná and secondary school in Česká Třebová...
(1763–1816), composer - Rudolf SkácelRudolf SkácelRudolf "Rudi" Skácel is a professional footballer who has been capped at international level by the Czech Republic and currently plays for Heart of Midlothian in the Scottish Premier League...
(born 1979), footballer - Michal ŠlesingrMichal ŠlesingrMichal Šlesingr is a Czech biathlete. His biggest achievement so far is silver medal in 10 km sprint and bronze medal in 20 km individual at the 2007 World Championship in Antholz, Italy.- External links :*...
(born 1983), biathlete - Kamil VacekKamil VacekKamil Vacek is a Czech football player who currently plays for the Italian club A.C. Chievo Verona. He spent two seasons in the Bundesliga with Arminia Bielefeld, followed by four seasons in the Gambrinus liga with Sparta Prague...
(born 1987), footballer
Town parts
Ústí nad Orlicí, Černovír, Dolní Houžovec, Horní Houžovec, Hylváty, Kerhartice, Knapovec, OldřichoviceOldrichovice
Oldřichovice may refer to several places in the Czech Republic:* Oldřichovice - a village near Třinec, now administratively a part of this town* Oldřichovice - a village in Zlín District...
Partnerships
AmbergAmberg
Amberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in the Upper Palatinate, roughly halfway between Regensburg and Bayreuth. Population: 44,756 .- History :...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
Massa Martana
Massa Martana
Massa Martana is an ancient Italian town and comune in the Monti Martani mountain range in the province of Perugia . It is 10 km N of Acquasparta, 18 km N of San Gemini and 32 km N of Narni; 14 km S of Bastardo and 27 km S of Bevagna...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
- Neukölln, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Poprad
Poprad
Poprad is a city in northern Slovakia at the foot of the High Tatra Mountains famous for its picturesque historic centre and as a holiday resort. It is the biggest town of the Spiš region and the tenth largest city in Slovakia with a population of approximately 55,000.The Poprad-Tatry Airport is...
, Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...