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The yellowthroats are New World warbler
New World warbler

The New World warblers or wood-warblers are a group of small often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are not related to the Old World warblers or the Australian warblers....
s in the genus Geothlypis. Most members of the group have localised ranges in Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
 and Central America
Central America

Central America is a central geography region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmus portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast....
, but the Masked Yellowthroat
Masked Yellowthroat

The Masked Yellowthroat, Geothlypis aequinoctialis, is a New World warbler. It has a number of separate resident breeding populations in Central America and South America, some of which may be considered to form separate species....
 has an extensive South America
South America

South America is the southern continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere....
n distribution, and Common Yellowthroat
Common Yellowthroat

The Common Yellowthroat, , is a New World warbler. They are abundant breeders in North America, ranging from southern Canada to central Mexico....
, the only migratory
Bird migration

Bird migration refers to the regular seasonal journeys undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat or weather....
 species in the group, breeds over much of North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
.

All the yellowthroats have similar plumage, with yellow-green upperparts, yellow breast, and a mainly black bill. The adult male has a black facemask of variable extent, usually bordered above with a grey band.






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Encyclopedia


The yellowthroats are New World warbler
New World warbler

The New World warblers or wood-warblers are a group of small often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are not related to the Old World warblers or the Australian warblers....
s in the genus Geothlypis. Most members of the group have localised ranges in Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
 and Central America
Central America

Central America is a central geography region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmus portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast....
, but the Masked Yellowthroat
Masked Yellowthroat

The Masked Yellowthroat, Geothlypis aequinoctialis, is a New World warbler. It has a number of separate resident breeding populations in Central America and South America, some of which may be considered to form separate species....
 has an extensive South America
South America

South America is the southern continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere....
n distribution, and Common Yellowthroat
Common Yellowthroat

The Common Yellowthroat, , is a New World warbler. They are abundant breeders in North America, ranging from southern Canada to central Mexico....
, the only migratory
Bird migration

Bird migration refers to the regular seasonal journeys undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat or weather....
 species in the group, breeds over much of North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
.

All the yellowthroats have similar plumage, with yellow-green upperparts, yellow breast, and a mainly black bill. The adult male has a black facemask of variable extent, usually bordered above with a grey band. The female is similar, but lacks the black mask, and may be duller in plumage.

The breeding habitat of these warblers is typically marsh
Marsh

In geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland which is subject to frequent or continuous flood . Typically the water is shallow and features Poaceaees, Juncaceaees, Phragmites, typhas, Cyperaless, and other herbaceous plants....
es and other wet areas with dense low vegetation. The eggs, two in most species, but up to five for Common Yellowthroat, are laid in a lined cup nest low in grass or rank vegetation.

Yellowthroat are usually seen in pairs, and do not associate with other species. They are often skulking, and feed on a range of insect
Insect

Insects are the biggest class of arthropods and the only ones with wings. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet. They are most diverse at the equator and their diversity declines toward the poles....
s.

The taxonomy of these closely related species is complicated, and it is sometimes difficult to define which forms merit species status. For example Common Yellowthroat, Belding's Yellowthroat
Belding's Yellowthroat

The Belding's Yellowthroat, Geothlypis beldingi, is a New World warbler. It is a resident breeder endemic to southern Baja California, Mexico....
, Altamira Yellowthroat
Altamira Yellowthroat

The Altamira Yellowthroat, Geothlypis flavovelata, is a New World warbler. It is a resident breeding bird endemic to the Gulf slope of northeastern Mexico....
, and Bahama Yellowthroat
Bahama Yellowthroat

The Bahama Yellowthroat, Geothlypis rostrata, is a New World warbler. It is a resident breeder endemic to the Bahamas.It is closely related to Common Yellowthroat, Altamira Yellowthroat and Belding's Yellowthroat, with which it forms a superspecies, and was formerly considered conspecific....
 are sometimes considered conspecific. Conversely Masked Yellowthroat can be split to three or even four species.

The geographical isolation of the various populations of this mainly sedentary group has led to its genetic divergence and speciation. This process can be seen in action in the case of Masked Yellowthroat, where the subspecies are separated by rainforest or the Andes
Andes

The Andes form the world's longest exposed mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. The range is over 7,000 km long, 200-700 km wide , and of an average height of about 4,000 m ....
, leading to the development of distinctive forms, such as the Central American race Geothlypis aequinoctialis chiriquensis. This form is found in the highlands of Costa Rica
Costa Rica

Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the east and south, the Pacific Ocean to the west and south and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
 and western Panama
Panama

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America and, in turn, North America. Situated on an isthmus connecting North and South America, some categorize it as a transcontinental nation....
, and is separated by 1000km from its South American cousins, from which it differs in size, appearance and vocalisations.

Species


  • Common Yellowthroat
    Common Yellowthroat

    The Common Yellowthroat, , is a New World warbler. They are abundant breeders in North America, ranging from southern Canada to central Mexico....
    , Geothlypis trichas
  • Belding's Yellowthroat
    Belding's Yellowthroat

    The Belding's Yellowthroat, Geothlypis beldingi, is a New World warbler. It is a resident breeder endemic to southern Baja California, Mexico....
    , Geothlypis beldingi
  • Altamira Yellowthroat
    Altamira Yellowthroat

    The Altamira Yellowthroat, Geothlypis flavovelata, is a New World warbler. It is a resident breeding bird endemic to the Gulf slope of northeastern Mexico....
    , Geothlypis flavovelata
  • Bahama Yellowthroat
    Bahama Yellowthroat

    The Bahama Yellowthroat, Geothlypis rostrata, is a New World warbler. It is a resident breeder endemic to the Bahamas.It is closely related to Common Yellowthroat, Altamira Yellowthroat and Belding's Yellowthroat, with which it forms a superspecies, and was formerly considered conspecific....
    , Geothlypis rostrata
    • New Providence Yellowthroat, Geothlypis rostrata rostrata (extinct: 1990s?)
  • Olive-crowned Yellowthroat
    Olive-crowned Yellowthroat

    The Olive-crowned Yellowthroat is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama....
    , Geothlypis semiflava
  • Black-polled Yellowthroat
    Black-polled Yellowthroat

    The Black-polled Yellowthroat is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is Endemism to Mexico....
    , Geothlypis speciosa
  • Masked Yellowthroat
    Masked Yellowthroat

    The Masked Yellowthroat, Geothlypis aequinoctialis, is a New World warbler. It has a number of separate resident breeding populations in Central America and South America, some of which may be considered to form separate species....
    , Geothlypis aequinoctialis
    • Southern Yellowthroat, Geothlypis (aequinoctialis) velata
    • Black-lored Yellowthroat, Geothlypis (aequinoctialis) auriculata
    • Chiriqui Yellowthroat, Geothlypis (aequinoctialis) chiriquensis
  • Gray-crowned Yellowthroat, Geothlypis poliocephala
  • Hooded Yellowthroat
    Hooded Yellowthroat

    The Hooded Yellowthroat is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is Endemism to the highlands of Mexico north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec....
    , Geothlypis nelsoni