X25XE

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X25XE

The X25XE is a General Motors Europe

GM Europe

General Motors Europe is responsible for the operation of General Motors businesses in Europe. The division was established by GM in 1986 and operates 11 production and assembly facilities in 8 countries, and employs around 64,500 people....
(GM) petrol engine

Petrol engine

A Petrol engine or Gasoline engine is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition engine designed to run on petrol and similar volatile fuels....
. It is a 2498 cc (2.5L) 24 valve, DOHC

Overhead camshaft

Overhead camshaft, commonly abbreviated to OHC, valvetrain configurations place the engine camshaft within the cylinder heads, above the combustion chambers, and drive the poppet valve or tappets in a more direct manner compared to overhead valves and pushrods....
V6 engine

V6 engine

A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinder s mounted on the crankcase in two banks of three cylinders, usually set at either a right angle or an acute angle to each other, with all six pistons driving a common crankshaft....
, producing, in standard form (170 PS).

The breakdown of the engine name is as follows:

X - Exhaust Emissions Level: 94/12/EC, stage 2
25 - 2.5 Litre displacement
X - Compression Ratio - 10.0-11.5:1
E - Mixture System - Injection

In the early 1990s, GM identified the need for a modern, lightweight and compact power plant to replace its ageing straight-6

Straight-6

The straight-6 or inline-6 engine is a six cylinder internal combustion engine with all six cylinder mounted in a straight line along the crankcase....
engine range.

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Encyclopedia

The X25XE is a General Motors Europe

GM Europe

Petrol engine

A Petrol engine or Gasoline engine is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition engine designed to run on petrol and similar volatile fuels....
. It is a 2498 cc (2.5L) 24 valve, DOHC

Overhead camshaft

V6 engine

Straight-6

The straight-6 or inline-6 engine is a six cylinder internal combustion engine with all six cylinder mounted in a straight line along the crankcase....
engine range. This engine

Internal combustion engine

The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs in a combustion chamber inside and integral to the engine. In an internal combustion engine it is always the expansion of the high temperature and pressure gases that are produced by the combustion which apply force to the movable component of the engine, such as...
needed to be compact, to allow its use in front-wheel drive

Front-wheel drive

Front-wheel drive is a form of Internal combustion engine/transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only....
applications, as well as rear-wheel drive cars

Automobile

An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle for transportation passengers, which also carries its own car engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally f...
.

The first version arrived in the Opel Vectra

Opel Vectra

The Opel Vectra is a large family car produced primarily by Opel, the Germany subsidiary of GM Europe . In the United Kingdom, it is sold under the Vauxhall Motors marque as Vauxhall Vectra ....
/ Vauxhall Cavalier

Vauxhall Cavalier

The Vauxhall Cavalier was a large family car sold primarily in the United Kingdom by Vauxhall Motors, the British subsidiary of General Motors Corporation , from 1975 to 1995....
(both codenamed "Vectra-A") and Opel/Vauxhall Calibra

Opel Calibra

The Opel Calibra also known as the Chevrolet Calibra in South America, the Holden Calibra in Australia and New Zealand, and the Vauxhall Calibra in the United Kingdom is a sports car produced by Germany automaker Opel between 1989 and 1997....
in the C25XE form, and was later followed by the X25XE in the Opel/Vauxhall Omega

Opel Omega

The Opel Omega was an executive car produced by the Germany automaker Opel between 1986 and 2003. Replacing the Opel Rekord, it was voted European Car of the Year for 1987....
and Vectra-B, with the Omega gaining a variant with increased displacement in the form of the X30XE
X30XE

The X30XE is a GM Europe petrol engine. It is a 2960 cc 24 valve, Overhead camshaft#Double overhead camshaft V6 engine, producing, in standard form ....
.

This power plant was a modern 4 valve per cylinder

Multi-valve

In automotive engineering, an engine is referred to as multi-valve when each cylinder has more than two poppet valve. Such designs have been around since at least 1912 and perhaps earlier....
, quad cam arrangement, with an oil to water heat exchanger

Heat exchanger

A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another, whether the media are separated by a solid wall so that they never mix, or the media are in direct contact....
mounted within the V of the engine block

Cylinder block

The cylinder block or engine block is a machined casting containing cylindrically bored holes for the pistons of a multi-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engine, or for a similarly constructed device such as a pump....
. The cylinder head

Cylinder head

In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head sits above the Cylinder and consists of a platform containing part of the combustion chamber and the location of the poppet valves and spark plugs....
s were constructed from aluminium alloy, and the block from cast iron

Cast iron

Cast iron usually refers to Gray iron, but also identifies a large group of ferrous alloys, which solidify with a eutectic. The color of a fractured surface can be used to identify an alloy....
.

An unusual feature of the engine was its 54 degree cylinder

Cylinder (engine)

A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine, the space in which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine block, which is typically casting from aluminum or cast iron before precision features are machined into it....
angle, as opposed to the more conventional 60 degree setup used on many V6 units, this added to the setups' compactness.

A Bosch

Robert Bosch GmbH

Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschr?nkter Haftung is a German diversified technology-based corporation which was started in 1886 by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart, Germany....
Motronic

Motronic

Motronic is the trade name given to a range of digital engine-management systems developed by Robert Bosch GmbH....
engine management system is used to control the unit, with full sequential fuel injection

Fuel injection

Fuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in gasoline Automobile engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
, knock control on each bank, distributor

Distributor

A distributor is a device in the ignition system of an internal combustion engine that routes high voltage from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order....
less ignition system

Ignition system

An ignition system is a system for igniting a fuel-air mixture. It is best known in the field of internal combustion engines but also has other applications, e.g....
(DIS), and closed loop lambda control.

Technical data

Engine	X25XE
configuration	V6 V6 engine A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinder s mounted on the crankcase in two banks of three cylinders, usually set at either a right angle or an acute angle to each other, with all six pistons driving a common crankshaft.... petrol engine Petrol engine A Petrol engine or Gasoline engine is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition engine designed to run on petrol and similar volatile fuels....
displacement (cc)	2498
bore (mm)
stroke (mm)
max power kW @rpm
max torque Nm @rpm
compression ratio	10.8:1
engine management	Bosch Robert Bosch GmbH Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschr?nkter Haftung is a German diversified technology-based corporation which was started in 1886 by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart, Germany.... Motronic Motronic Motronic is the trade name given to a range of digital engine-management systems developed by Robert Bosch GmbH.... M2.8.1 then M2.8.3 in 2000 approx
idle speed	450-1030
max rpm	6600
firing order	1-2-3-4-5-6

Engine	X30XE
configuration	V6 V6 engine A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinder s mounted on the crankcase in two banks of three cylinders, usually set at either a right angle or an acute angle to each other, with all six pistons driving a common crankshaft.... petrol engine Petrol engine A Petrol engine or Gasoline engine is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition engine designed to run on petrol and similar volatile fuels....
displacement (cc)	2960
bore (mm)
stroke (mm)
max power kW @rpm
max torque Nm @rpm
compression ratio	10.8:1
engine management	Bosch Robert Bosch GmbH Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschr?nkter Haftung is a German diversified technology-based corporation which was started in 1886 by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart, Germany.... Motronic Motronic Motronic is the trade name given to a range of digital engine-management systems developed by Robert Bosch GmbH.... M2.8.1 then M2.8.3 in 2000 approx
idle speed	450-1030
max rpm	6600
firing order	1-2-3-4-5-6

The "X" variant of the engine had the addition of secondary air injection, and EGR to meet later and more stringent emission requirements.

The air injection blew air via a large blower into the exhaust manifolds to ignite un-burnt fuel in the downpipes during the engine warm up phase, in order to get the catalytic converter

Catalytic converter

A catalytic converter is a device used to reduce the toxicity of emissions from an internal combustion engine. First widely introduced on Mass production automobiles in the United States market for the 1975 model year to comply with tightening United States Environmental Protection Agency regulations on auto exhaust, catalytic converters a...
s up to temperature faster. The EGR setup re-cycled exhaust gases (which are in theory inert to the combustion cycle) in order to reduce the production of NOx.

History

Minor changes were made to the unit during its production, including an uprated oil pump

Oil pump (internal combustion engine)

The oil pump in an internal combustion engine is usually a gear type driven by the camshaft or crankshaft, or a rotor type. Oil pressure varies quite a bit during operation, with lower temperature and higher Revolutions per minute's increasing pressure to a maximum of about 4 bar ....
around mid 1997, with the addition of larger oilways in the head machining (T-Vents), and modified valve lifters

Tappet

A tappet in mechanical engineering is a projection which imparts a linear motion to some other component within an assembly. Properly speaking, a tappet is only that part of a rocker arm which makes contact with an intake or exhaust poppet valve stem above the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine....
to reduce top-end valve noise, at which point the cam belt

Timing belt

A timing belt, timing chain or cam belt is connected to the block of the engine and is a part of an internal combustion engine that controls the timing of the engine's poppet valve....
arrangement also changed with the lower idler moving.

Around 1998, the spin-on metal canister oil filter

Filter (oil)

An oil filter is a filtration to remove contaminants from engine oil, Automatic transmission fluid, lubricant#Mineral oil, or Hydraulic fluid. Oil filters are used in many different types of Hydraulic machinery....
was changed to a disposable paper element.

2000 saw a complete revision of the power plant in order to meet increasing emission requirements, with the 2.5 and 3.0 being replaced by lower compression 2.6 (Y26SE) and 3.2 (Y32SE) units.

These later power plants had a revised engine management system setup, which utilised quad lambda sensor control, coil per plug ignition system and drive by wire

Drive by wire

Drive-by-wire, DbW, by-wire, or x-by-wire technology in the automotive industry replaces the traditional mechanical and hydraulic control systems with electronic control systems using electromechanical actuators and human-machine interfaces such as pedal and steering feel emulators....
throttles. The 3.2 also received a stronger steel crankshaft

Crankshaft

The crankshaft, sometimes casually abbreviated to crank , is the part of an engine which translates reciprocation linear piston motion into rotation....
. As a result of these changes the EGR and secondary air injection system were removed.