Władysław Heinrich
Encyclopedia
Władysław Heinrich was a Polish historian of philosophy, psychologist, professor at Kraków University
and member of the Polish Academy of Learning
.
at the University of Zurich
and applied his radical positivism
to psychology: Heinrich pointed out that the new experimental psychology
of the time was based on metaphysical
concepts and premises, on constructions and introjections. In opposition to it, he proposed a psychology based on pure experiment (Die moderne physiologische Psychologie in Deutschland—Modern Physiological Psychology in Germany, 1897).
Settling in Kraków
, Heinrich conducted research in this spirit (Teorie i wyniki badań psychologicznych—Theories and Results of Psychological Research, 1902). He authored the first report in experimental psychology to be presented to the Academy of Learning
, O wahaniach natężenia zaledwie dostrzegalnych wrażeń (On Fluctuations in the Intensity of Barely Perceptible Sensations, 1898).
Heinrich worked at Kraków University in the physics department, then took over a chair of psychology and philosophy. He was also active in the history of philosophy
(proposing the creation, in the Academy of Learning, of the Committee for the History of Philosophy in Poland). Above all, he was the first in Kraków to develop the new radical empiricist philosophy connected with the natural sciences. He was concerned especially with methodological questions, and was the first to present these at the Academy of Learning
.
Jagiellonian University
The Jagiellonian University was established in 1364 by Casimir III the Great in Kazimierz . It is the oldest university in Poland, the second oldest university in Central Europe and one of the oldest universities in the world....
and member of the Polish Academy of Learning
Polish Academy of Learning
The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning , headquartered in Kraków, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of sciences....
.
Life
Władysław Heinrich studied mathematics, the natural sciences and philosophy. In philosophy he was a student of Richard AvenariusRichard Avenarius
Richard Heinrich Ludwig Avenarius was a German-Swiss philosopher. He formulated the radical positivist doctrine of "empirical criticism" or empirio-criticism....
at the University of Zurich
University of Zurich
The University of Zurich , located in the city of Zurich, is the largest university in Switzerland, with over 25,000 students. It was founded in 1833 from the existing colleges of theology, law, medicine and a new faculty of philosophy....
and applied his radical positivism
Positivism
Positivism is a a view of scientific methods and a philosophical approach, theory, or system based on the view that, in the social as well as natural sciences, sensory experiences and their logical and mathematical treatment are together the exclusive source of all worthwhile information....
to psychology: Heinrich pointed out that the new experimental psychology
Experimental psychology
Experimental psychology is a methodological approach, rather than a subject, and encompasses varied fields within psychology. Experimental psychologists have traditionally conducted research, published articles, and taught classes on neuroscience, developmental psychology, sensation, perception,...
of the time was based on metaphysical
Metaphysics
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world, although the term is not easily defined. Traditionally, metaphysics attempts to answer two basic questions in the broadest possible terms:...
concepts and premises, on constructions and introjections. In opposition to it, he proposed a psychology based on pure experiment (Die moderne physiologische Psychologie in Deutschland—Modern Physiological Psychology in Germany, 1897).
Settling in Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
, Heinrich conducted research in this spirit (Teorie i wyniki badań psychologicznych—Theories and Results of Psychological Research, 1902). He authored the first report in experimental psychology to be presented to the Academy of Learning
Polish Academy of Learning
The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning , headquartered in Kraków, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of sciences....
, O wahaniach natężenia zaledwie dostrzegalnych wrażeń (On Fluctuations in the Intensity of Barely Perceptible Sensations, 1898).
Heinrich worked at Kraków University in the physics department, then took over a chair of psychology and philosophy. He was also active in the history of philosophy
History of philosophy
The history of philosophy is the study of philosophical ideas and concepts through time. Issues specifically related to history of philosophy might include : How can changes in philosophy be accounted for historically? What drives the development of thought in its historical context? To what...
(proposing the creation, in the Academy of Learning, of the Committee for the History of Philosophy in Poland). Above all, he was the first in Kraków to develop the new radical empiricist philosophy connected with the natural sciences. He was concerned especially with methodological questions, and was the first to present these at the Academy of Learning
Polish Academy of Learning
The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning , headquartered in Kraków, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of sciences....
.
Works
- Die moderne physiologische Psychologie in Deutschland (Modern Physiological PsychologyPhysiological psychologyPhysiological psychology is a subdivision of behavioral neuroscience that studies the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments...
in GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, 1897, in GermanGerman languageGerman is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
) - O wahaniach w natężeniu zaledwie dostrzegalnych wrażeń optycznych i akustycznych (On Fluctuations in the Intensity of Barely Perceptible Optical and AcousticAcousticsAcoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound. A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician while someone working in the field of acoustics...
Sensations, 1899) - Przegląd badań nad wrażeniami barwnymi (A Review of Research into ColorColorColor or colour is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, green, blue and others. Color derives from the spectrum of light interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors...
Sensation, 1901) - Teorie i wyniki badań psychologicznych (Theories and Results of Psychological Research, 1902)
- Psychologia uczuć (The Psychology of FeelingFeelingFeeling is the nominalization of the verb to feel. The word was first used in the English language to describe the physical sensation of touch through either experience or perception. The word is also used to describe experiences, other than the physical sensation of touch, such as "a feeling of...
s, 1907) - Johannes Scotus Eriugena i Spinoza (Johannes Scotus EriugenaJohannes Scotus EriugenaJohannes Scotus Eriugena was an Irish theologian, Neoplatonist philosopher, and poet. He is known for having translated and made commentaries upon the work of Pseudo-Dionysius.-Name:...
and Spinoza, 1909) - Filozofia grecka do Platona (Greek PhilosophyGreek philosophyAncient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BCE and continued through the Hellenistic period, at which point Ancient Greece was incorporated in the Roman Empire...
to PlatoPlatoPlato , was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the...
, 1914) - Stereoskopia monokularna (MonocularMonocularA monocular is a modified refracting telescope used to magnify the images of distant objects by passing light through a series of lenses and sometimes prisms; the use of prisms results in a lightweight telescope. Volume and weight are less than half those of binoculars of similar optical...
StereoscopyStereoscopyStereoscopy refers to a technique for creating or enhancing the illusion of depth in an image by presenting two offset images separately to the left and right eye of the viewer. Both of these 2-D offset images are then combined in the brain to give the perception of 3-D depth...
, 1936) - Les fonctions des capillaires et la concentration de l'attention (CapillaryCapillaryCapillaries are the smallest of a body's blood vessels and are parts of the microcirculation. They are only 1 cell thick. These microvessels, measuring 5-10 μm in diameter, connect arterioles and venules, and enable the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and many other nutrient and waste...
Functions and Concentration of AttentionAttentionAttention is the cognitive process of paying attention to one aspect of the environment while ignoring others. Attention is one of the most intensely studied topics within psychology and cognitive neuroscience....
, 1938, in FrenchFrench languageFrench is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
, with Tomasz StrzemboszTomasz StrzemboszTomasz Strzembosz was a Polish historian and writer who specialized in the history of Poland during World War II. He was a professor at the Polish Academy of Sciences' Institute of Political Studies in Warsaw; and, at the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin...
) - Notes sur les reactions de capillaires pendant l'excitation des centres visuels de l'ecorce cerebrale (Notes on Capillary Reactions during Excitation of Cerebral-CortexCerebral cortexThe cerebral cortex is a sheet of neural tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain. It plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It is constituted of up to six horizontal layers, each of which has a different...
VisualVisual perceptionVisual perception is the ability to interpret information and surroundings from the effects of visible light reaching the eye. The resulting perception is also known as eyesight, sight, or vision...
Centers, 1938, in FrenchFrench languageFrench is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
)
See also
- History of philosophy in Poland
- List of Poles