Warren K. Moorehead
Encyclopedia
Warren King Moorehead was known in his time as the 'Dean of American archaeology' (see North American archaeology); born in Siena
, Italy
to missionary parents on March 10, 1866, he died on January 5, 1939 at the age of 72, and is buried in his hometown of Xenia, Ohio
.
, his travels for keeping that institution open left young Warren and his sister in the care of two aunts, who are recalled vividly in Helen Hooven Santmyer
's non-fictional "Ohio Town" and the novel "And Ladies of the Club."
Their brother, Moorehead's grandfather, was Joseph Warren King, whose wealth from the King's Powder Mills fortune rooted in the American Civil War
became both an opportunity and a curse for the fledgeling archaeologist. Digging about in the earth and soil was considered beneath a refined family, and for much of his life Warren King Moorehead was pressured to enter the family business. Parts of the 19th century infrastructure remain in the Little Miami River
Valley near Kings Mills, Ohio
, a near- ghost town
next to the Peters Cartridge Company
once the King's Powder Mills, desolate except for the now more famous neighbor named after it, "Kings Island
," the Cincinnati area amusement park.
, near Moorehead family interests in Muskingum County (from which is descended his collateral relation, actress Agnes Moorehead
). By 1887 Moorehead had left without a degree, and his relationship with academic archaeology stayed distant and at odds throughout his life, adding to the speedy dismissal of Moorehead's work after his death by most of professional archaeology.
Excavations and collections begun as a schoolboy continued through self-financed work taking him to a display of his own at the 1888 Cincinnati Centennial Exposition, and contact with Dr. Thomas Wilson of the Smithsonian Institution
. Dr. Wilson encouraged and possibly helped Moorehead to enter the University of Pennsylvania for study under the famous Dr. Edward Drinker Cope
, but opportunities to lecture and write for publication led Warren away from class work. His publication of the novel "Wanneta, The Sioux," in 1890 led to a lecture tour and opportunities to write for a larger audience than just his professors.
" phenomenon on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
put Moorehead on the scene for the critical weeks leading up to what is now known as the Wounded Knee Massacre
of Dec. 29, 1890. Moorehead was not present, though his camera was apparently used by journalists who were still on the scene to record the horrific aftermath; Gen. John Rutter Brooke ordered Moorehead off the reservation under armed military escort on Dec. 28, according to Moorehead's journal because he was the only reporter present who spoke some of the language and was permitted to stay overnight with the Sioux in their encampments.
(Chicago World's Fair), which led him to work with Frederic Ward Putnam
, the Harvard professor who began the academic field of archaeology in the United States.
Some of the field work Moorehead did for Putnam resulted in the Hopewell culture
"type site
" near Chillicothe, Ohio
, setting the parameters for the study of American Indian moundbuilders of the Ohio River valley around 2000 years ago. Work that actually went back to his high school days at Fort Ancient
, just up the Little Miami River from his grandfather's King's Mills, also went into the World's Fair display, became a published volume for Moorehead, and caught the attention of the organizers of the Ohio Historical & Archaeological Society (now the Ohio Historical Society
) just begun in 1885. Efforts to have Fort Ancient purchased and cared for by the state were spurred by Moorehead's publications on that site and other Ohio cultural marvels.
) did not work out quickly, Moorehead accepted the position as what would be the first curator of archaeology for the OAHS. With the support of President Orton of The Ohio State University, a museum was established in what is now Orton Hall on the OSU Oval, and Moorehead was made a professor of archaeology at OSU, the only part of his work that was paid. OAHS, with little money from the state and sites already to manage (Fort Ancient, and Serpent Mound
which had been purchased by Dr. Putnam with money raised at society teas in Newport, RI, but now a local obligation to manage), encouraged Moorehead to pay for his travel and speaking and research by selling duplicate artifacts. This process would today not only be discouraged but is now both unethical and illegal; the 1890s found it unremarkable.
With the aunts refusing to release any money for "that dirty work," Moorehead launched into an ambitious plan to create an atlas of Ohio mounds and earthworks, which he saw eroding and destroyed wherever he went across the Midwest, and even in forays into the American southwest, becoming one of the first surveyors of Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde. His network of collectors literally saved his life after 1898.
was nearly always fatal in Moorehead's day, and when he was clearly diagnosed with the disease, a second trip to the desert southwest became part of what turned into a permanent leave from OAHS after 1898. (His assistant, William Mills
, completed what is now known as the Mills Atlas of 1904, but Moorehead laid out much of the material that is in the volume.) Finding no relief in the southwest, he returned to meet with Robert Singleton Peabody at his home near Philadelphia, a wealthy descendant of George Peabody
, trader and philanthropist, who collected pottery and baskets from Indian cultures throughout the New World.
Peabody, seeing how ill Moorehead had become, generously offered a season of treatment at Saranac Lake, New York
, the famous tuberculosis sanitarium where just a few years earlier Robert Louis Stevenson
had sought relief. The season turned into two years, and from blood loss and anemia Moorehead's wife Evelyn Ludwig (of Circleville, Ohio
) and their son Ludwig King Moorehead were told repeatedly to prepare for Warren's death, through 1899 and 1901.
Foundation and is buried on the grounds of Bruton Parish Church
there. With Peabody's influence and money, a museum and program was established at Phillips Andover Academy, with the dedication program including a fellowship from the Peabody-established Victoria Institute
and the award of an honorary doctorate from Dartmouth College
(also a recipient of significant Peabody largesse). He was also Curator of the Museum of The Ohio State University (1894–1897), worked at archaeological sites along the Ohio River, and at Chaco Canyon and up into Mesa Verde. As head of the Robert S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology
in Andover, Massachusetts
from 1902 to 1920, Moorehead launched into a program of research and publication that went on to include the Red Paint People
of the Atlantic coast, Cahokia Mounds in Illinois from 1921, and Etowah Indian Mounds
in Georgia from 1925.
World Heritage site
. He was instrumental in getting the State of Illinois
to buy a portion of the Cahokia site in order to create a state park. From 1927 to 1939 he worked on sites in the Illinois River
Valley. Major collections from Cahokia are at the Illinois State Museum
and the University of Illinois (http://www.itarp.uiuc.edu).
a member of the board of commissioners for the Bureau of Indian Affairs with the Department of Interior in 1909, and his work on behalf of Indian Land Claims, exposing fraudulent Indian agents, and seeking better health care on reservations probably made many Washington bureaucrats feel the same way Gen. Brooke did in 1890. After many attempts to remove him and silence the commission, especially after his leadership of the White Earth Indian Reservation
hearings on injustices following the Dawes Act and Moorehead's book "The American Indian in the United States, Period 1850-1914" (http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=MYApAAAAYAAJ&dq=The+American+Indian+In+the+United+States+1914+moorehead&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=XtQpDP3Ytd&sig=HwWlZcLARjm6yM_rXJqiOo-Wzjo&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result), the Depression was used as pretext to dissolve the commission in 1933, after almost 25 years of service by Moorehead.
High compliments indeed, when at his birth in 1866 the title archaeologist didn't even exist!
Siena
Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena.The historic centre of Siena has been declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site. It is one of the nation's most visited tourist attractions, with over 163,000 international arrivals in 2008...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
to missionary parents on March 10, 1866, he died on January 5, 1939 at the age of 72, and is buried in his hometown of Xenia, Ohio
Xenia, Ohio
Xenia is a city in and the county seat of Greene County, Ohio, United States. The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio 21 miles from Dayton and is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area...
.
Early life
His mother died when he was quite young, and while his father remarried and became head of a Presbyterian seminary in Xenia, OhioXenia, Ohio
Xenia is a city in and the county seat of Greene County, Ohio, United States. The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio 21 miles from Dayton and is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area...
, his travels for keeping that institution open left young Warren and his sister in the care of two aunts, who are recalled vividly in Helen Hooven Santmyer
Helen Hooven Santmyer
Helen Hooven Santmyer was an American writer.She was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and moved to Xenia, Ohio when she was five years old. She went to Wellesley College in 1918 and was active in the struggle for women's rights. She attended Oxford University in England...
's non-fictional "Ohio Town" and the novel "And Ladies of the Club."
Their brother, Moorehead's grandfather, was Joseph Warren King, whose wealth from the King's Powder Mills fortune rooted in the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
became both an opportunity and a curse for the fledgeling archaeologist. Digging about in the earth and soil was considered beneath a refined family, and for much of his life Warren King Moorehead was pressured to enter the family business. Parts of the 19th century infrastructure remain in the Little Miami River
Little Miami River
The Little Miami River is a Class I tributary of the Ohio River that flows through five counties in southwestern Ohio in the United States. The Little Miami joins the Ohio River east of Cincinnati. It forms parts of the borders between Hamilton and Clermont counties and between Hamilton and Warren...
Valley near Kings Mills, Ohio
Kings Mills, Ohio
Kings Mills is an unincorporated community in the northeastern corner of Deerfield Township, Warren County, Ohio, United States, on the western shore of the Little Miami River...
, a near- ghost town
Ghost town
A ghost town is an abandoned town or city. A town often becomes a ghost town because the economic activity that supported it has failed, or due to natural or human-caused disasters such as floods, government actions, uncontrolled lawlessness, war, or nuclear disasters...
next to the Peters Cartridge Company
Peters Cartridge Company
The Peters Cartridge Company was a company in Kings Mills, Ohio that specialized in gunpowder and ammunition production. Its historic buildings, built in 1916 at 1915 Grandin Road, were added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 10, 1985....
once the King's Powder Mills, desolate except for the now more famous neighbor named after it, "Kings Island
Kings Island
Kings Island is a amusement park located northeast of Cincinnati in Mason, Ohio. Opened in 1972 by Taft Broadcasting Company and now owned by Cedar Fair Entertainment Company, Kings Island is the most visited seasonal amusement park in the U.S...
," the Cincinnati area amusement park.
Education
Moorehead went to Denison UniversityDenison University
Denison University is private, coeducational, and residential college of liberal arts and sciences founded in 1831. It is located in Granville, Ohio, United States, approximately 30 miles east of Columbus, the state capital...
, near Moorehead family interests in Muskingum County (from which is descended his collateral relation, actress Agnes Moorehead
Agnes Moorehead
Agnes Robertson Moorehead was an American actress. Although she began with the Mercury Theatre, appeared in more than seventy films beginning with Citizen Kane and on dozens of television shows during a career that spanned more than thirty years, Moorehead is most widely known to modern audiences...
). By 1887 Moorehead had left without a degree, and his relationship with academic archaeology stayed distant and at odds throughout his life, adding to the speedy dismissal of Moorehead's work after his death by most of professional archaeology.
Excavations and collections begun as a schoolboy continued through self-financed work taking him to a display of his own at the 1888 Cincinnati Centennial Exposition, and contact with Dr. Thomas Wilson of the Smithsonian Institution
Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution is an educational and research institute and associated museum complex, administered and funded by the government of the United States and by funds from its endowment, contributions, and profits from its retail operations, concessions, licensing activities, and magazines...
. Dr. Wilson encouraged and possibly helped Moorehead to enter the University of Pennsylvania for study under the famous Dr. Edward Drinker Cope
Edward Drinker Cope
Edward Drinker Cope was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interested in science; he published his first scientific paper at the age of nineteen...
, but opportunities to lecture and write for publication led Warren away from class work. His publication of the novel "Wanneta, The Sioux," in 1890 led to a lecture tour and opportunities to write for a larger audience than just his professors.
The Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee
A contract to write for a national magazine about the "Ghost DanceGhost Dance
The Ghost Dance was a new religious movement which was incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems. The traditional ritual used in the Ghost Dance, the circle dance, has been used by many Native Americans since prehistoric times...
" phenomenon on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation is an Oglala Sioux Native American reservation located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Originally included within the territory of the Great Sioux Reservation, Pine Ridge was established in 1889 in the southwest corner of South Dakota on the Nebraska border...
put Moorehead on the scene for the critical weeks leading up to what is now known as the Wounded Knee Massacre
Wounded Knee Massacre
The Wounded Knee Massacre happened on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, USA. On the day before, a detachment of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment commanded by Major Samuel M...
of Dec. 29, 1890. Moorehead was not present, though his camera was apparently used by journalists who were still on the scene to record the horrific aftermath; Gen. John Rutter Brooke ordered Moorehead off the reservation under armed military escort on Dec. 28, according to Moorehead's journal because he was the only reporter present who spoke some of the language and was permitted to stay overnight with the Sioux in their encampments.
1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago
After a frustrating period trying to influence legislators to give justice to the Sioux and publish his account of events leading up to the massacre, Moorehead returned to Ohio and found a position developing the state display for the 1893 World's Columbian ExpositionWorld's Columbian Exposition
The World's Columbian Exposition was a World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. Chicago bested New York City; Washington, D.C.; and St...
(Chicago World's Fair), which led him to work with Frederic Ward Putnam
Frederic Ward Putnam
Frederic Ward Putnam was an American naturalist and anthropologist.-Biography:...
, the Harvard professor who began the academic field of archaeology in the United States.
Some of the field work Moorehead did for Putnam resulted in the Hopewell culture
Hopewell culture
The Hopewell tradition is the term used to describe common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern United States from 200 BCE to 500 CE. The Hopewell tradition was not a single culture or society, but a widely dispersed set of related...
"type site
Type site
In archaeology a type site is a site that is considered the model of a particular archaeological culture...
" near Chillicothe, Ohio
Chillicothe, Ohio
Chillicothe is a city in and the county seat of Ross County, Ohio, United States.Chillicothe was the first and third capital of Ohio and is located in southern Ohio along the Scioto River. The name comes from the Shawnee name Chalahgawtha, meaning "principal town", as it was a major settlement of...
, setting the parameters for the study of American Indian moundbuilders of the Ohio River valley around 2000 years ago. Work that actually went back to his high school days at Fort Ancient
Fort Ancient
Fort Ancient is a name for a Native American culture that flourished from 1000-1750 CE among a people who predominantly inhabited land along the Ohio River in areas of modern-day Southern Ohio, Northern Kentucky, Southeastern Indiana and Western West Virginia. They were a maize based agricultural...
, just up the Little Miami River from his grandfather's King's Mills, also went into the World's Fair display, became a published volume for Moorehead, and caught the attention of the organizers of the Ohio Historical & Archaeological Society (now the Ohio Historical Society
Ohio Historical Society
The Ohio Historical Society is a non-profit organization incorporated in 1885 as The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society "to promote a knowledge of archaeology and history, especially in Ohio"...
) just begun in 1885. Efforts to have Fort Ancient purchased and cared for by the state were spurred by Moorehead's publications on that site and other Ohio cultural marvels.
Curator of Archaeology
When the 1893 WCE ended, and a hoped for faculty position with the new college on the site (soon to be the University of ChicagoUniversity of Chicago
The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1890...
) did not work out quickly, Moorehead accepted the position as what would be the first curator of archaeology for the OAHS. With the support of President Orton of The Ohio State University, a museum was established in what is now Orton Hall on the OSU Oval, and Moorehead was made a professor of archaeology at OSU, the only part of his work that was paid. OAHS, with little money from the state and sites already to manage (Fort Ancient, and Serpent Mound
Serpent Mound
The Great Serpent Mound is a -long, three-foot-high prehistoric effigy mound located on a plateau of the Serpent Mound crater along Ohio Brush Creek in Adams County, Ohio. Maintained within a park by the Ohio Historical Society, it has been designated a National Historic Landmark by the United...
which had been purchased by Dr. Putnam with money raised at society teas in Newport, RI, but now a local obligation to manage), encouraged Moorehead to pay for his travel and speaking and research by selling duplicate artifacts. This process would today not only be discouraged but is now both unethical and illegal; the 1890s found it unremarkable.
With the aunts refusing to release any money for "that dirty work," Moorehead launched into an ambitious plan to create an atlas of Ohio mounds and earthworks, which he saw eroding and destroyed wherever he went across the Midwest, and even in forays into the American southwest, becoming one of the first surveyors of Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde. His network of collectors literally saved his life after 1898.
Illness and Recovery
TuberculosisTuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
was nearly always fatal in Moorehead's day, and when he was clearly diagnosed with the disease, a second trip to the desert southwest became part of what turned into a permanent leave from OAHS after 1898. (His assistant, William Mills
William Mills
William Mills may refer to:*Sir William Mills , inventor of the Mills bomb*William Corless Mills , US museum curator*William Hobson Mills , British organic chemist...
, completed what is now known as the Mills Atlas of 1904, but Moorehead laid out much of the material that is in the volume.) Finding no relief in the southwest, he returned to meet with Robert Singleton Peabody at his home near Philadelphia, a wealthy descendant of George Peabody
George Peabody
George Peabody was an American-British entrepreneur and philanthropist who founded the Peabody Trust in Britain and the Peabody Institute in Baltimore, and was responsible for many other charitable initiatives.-Biography:...
, trader and philanthropist, who collected pottery and baskets from Indian cultures throughout the New World.
Peabody, seeing how ill Moorehead had become, generously offered a season of treatment at Saranac Lake, New York
Saranac Lake, New York
Saranac Lake is a village located in the state of New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,406. The village is named after Upper, Middle, and Lower Saranac Lakes, which are nearby....
, the famous tuberculosis sanitarium where just a few years earlier Robert Louis Stevenson
Robert Louis Stevenson
Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist and travel writer. His best-known books include Treasure Island, Kidnapped, and Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde....
had sought relief. The season turned into two years, and from blood loss and anemia Moorehead's wife Evelyn Ludwig (of Circleville, Ohio
Circleville, Ohio
Circleville is a city in and the county seat of Pickaway County, Ohio, United States, along the Scioto River. The population was 13,485 at the 2000 census.-History:...
) and their son Ludwig King Moorehead were told repeatedly to prepare for Warren's death, through 1899 and 1901.
Rebirth
With the dawn of a new century, Warren King Moorehead began almost literally a new life in 1901. Moorehead was based at the Phillips Academy, Andover, MA, from 1901-1938. He and Evelyn had a second son, Singleton Peabody Moorehead, who would become a key architect with the Colonial WilliamsburgColonial Williamsburg
Colonial Williamsburg is the private foundation representing the historic district of the city of Williamsburg, Virginia, USA. The district includes buildings dating from 1699 to 1780 which made colonial Virginia's capital. The capital straddled the boundary of the original shires of Virginia —...
Foundation and is buried on the grounds of Bruton Parish Church
Bruton Parish Church
Bruton Parish Church is located in the restored area of Colonial Williamsburg in Williamsburg, Virginia, USA. It was established in 1674 in the Virginia Colony, and remains an active Episcopal parish.-History of Bruton Parish Church:...
there. With Peabody's influence and money, a museum and program was established at Phillips Andover Academy, with the dedication program including a fellowship from the Peabody-established Victoria Institute
Victoria Institute
The Victoria Institute, or Philosophical Society of Great Britain, was founded in 1865, as a response to the publication of On the Origin of Species and Essays and Reviews. Its stated objective was to defend "the great truths revealed in Holy Scripture .....
and the award of an honorary doctorate from Dartmouth College
Dartmouth College
Dartmouth College is a private, Ivy League university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. The institution comprises a liberal arts college, Dartmouth Medical School, Thayer School of Engineering, and the Tuck School of Business, as well as 19 graduate programs in the arts and sciences...
(also a recipient of significant Peabody largesse). He was also Curator of the Museum of The Ohio State University (1894–1897), worked at archaeological sites along the Ohio River, and at Chaco Canyon and up into Mesa Verde. As head of the Robert S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology
Robert S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology
The Robert S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology is a Native American archaeological collection in the United States. Founded in 1901 through a bequest from Robert Singleton Peabody, an 1857 Phillips Academy alum, the museum initially held the archaeological materials collected by Peabody from Native...
in Andover, Massachusetts
Andover, Massachusetts
Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It was incorporated in 1646 and as of the 2010 census, the population was 33,201...
from 1902 to 1920, Moorehead launched into a program of research and publication that went on to include the Red Paint People
Red Paint People
The Red Paint People are a pre-Columbian culture indigenous to the New England and Atlantic Canada regions of North America. They were named after their burials, which used large quantities of ochre, normally red, to cover both bodies and grave goods...
of the Atlantic coast, Cahokia Mounds in Illinois from 1921, and Etowah Indian Mounds
Etowah Indian Mounds
Etowah Indian Mounds is a archaeological site in Bartow County, Georgia south of Cartersville, in the United States. Built and occupied in three phases, from 1000–1550 CE, the prehistoric site is located on the north shore of the Etowah River. Etowah Indian Mounds Historic Site is a designated...
in Georgia from 1925.
Cahokia & Illinois
Moorehead worked at the Cahokia site between 1921-1927. Cahokia is now a UNESCOUNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
World Heritage site
World Heritage Site
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...
. He was instrumental in getting the State of Illinois
Illinois
Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,...
to buy a portion of the Cahokia site in order to create a state park. From 1927 to 1939 he worked on sites in the Illinois River
Illinois River
The Illinois River is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately long, in the State of Illinois. The river drains a large section of central Illinois, with a drainage basin of . This river was important among Native Americans and early French traders as the principal water route...
Valley. Major collections from Cahokia are at the Illinois State Museum
Illinois State Museum
The Illinois State Museum is the official museum of the natural history of the U.S. state of Illinois. The headquarters museum is located on Spring and Edwards Streets, one block southwest of the Illinois State Capitol, in Springfield, the state capital...
and the University of Illinois (http://www.itarp.uiuc.edu).
The Spirit of Wounded Knee
He was named by President Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States . He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity...
a member of the board of commissioners for the Bureau of Indian Affairs with the Department of Interior in 1909, and his work on behalf of Indian Land Claims, exposing fraudulent Indian agents, and seeking better health care on reservations probably made many Washington bureaucrats feel the same way Gen. Brooke did in 1890. After many attempts to remove him and silence the commission, especially after his leadership of the White Earth Indian Reservation
White Earth Indian Reservation
The White Earth Indian Reservation is the home to the White Earth Nation, located in northwestern Minnesota. It is the largest Indian reservation in that state...
hearings on injustices following the Dawes Act and Moorehead's book "The American Indian in the United States, Period 1850-1914" (http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=MYApAAAAYAAJ&dq=The+American+Indian+In+the+United+States+1914+moorehead&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=XtQpDP3Ytd&sig=HwWlZcLARjm6yM_rXJqiOo-Wzjo&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result), the Depression was used as pretext to dissolve the commission in 1933, after almost 25 years of service by Moorehead.
Death and legacy
With many honors and published volumes to his credit, and a thriving and vital field of research and informed speculation well established, Moorehead died in 1939 and was buried near his parents, his grandfather, and his aunts in Xenia; the family home is now the heart of the Greene County Historical Society, where portraits of father William and grandfather Joseph are on prominent display. Little is known there, however, about Warren; their papers include a reminiscence from a contemporary on Moorehead's death calling him, from their childhood together, "a born archaeologist." By the time of his death, he had come to be known as the dean of American archaeology.High compliments indeed, when at his birth in 1866 the title archaeologist didn't even exist!
Further reading
- Exploration of the Etowah Site, republished by University Press of Florida 2000 ISBN 978-0-8130-1793-8
- unpublished: 96 boxes of archival material at the Ohio Historical Society
- Moorehead, Warren K. The Cahokia Mounds, edited by John E. Kelly and republished by the University of Alabama Press, 2000 ISBN 0-8173-1010-X
- "The American Indian in the United States, Period 1850-1914" (http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=MYApAAAAYAAJ&dq=The+American+Indian+In+the+United+States+1914+moorehead&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=XtQpDP3Ytd&sig=HwWlZcLARjm6yM_rXJqiOo-Wzjo&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result)
- "CAHOKIA -- The Great Native American Metropolis" by Biloine Whiting Young and Melvin L. Fowler, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESS, 2000 (http://www.archive.org/stream/cahokiagreatnati00youn/cahokiagreatnati00youn_djvu.txt)
External links
- http://www.usm.maine.edu/gany/webaa/moorhd2.jpg -- Moorehead portrait at R.S. Peabody Foundation, Andover, MA
- Villagers at www.texasbeyondhistory.net—Warren K. Moorehead