Warder Cresson
Encyclopedia
Warder Cresson or as he was known with his Jewish name Michoel Boaz Yisroel ben Avraham (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
, July 13, 1798 - Jerusalem Nov. 6, 1860) was a religious enthusiast, and convert to Judaism
. He was directly descended from Pierre Cresson, one of the settlers of Harlem, NY, whose grandson, Solomon, migrated to Philadelphia about the beginning of the eighteenth century. Warder Cresson's father, the grandson of Pierre Cresson, was John Elliott Cresson (1773–1814), who married in 1795 Mary Warder.
the Great Is Falling! The Morning Star, or Light from on High, in which he deplores the extravagance and evil tendencies of the times, and exhorts all Quakers to lead a better and less wayward life. He now went through a period of strong religious mania, joining successively, various sects as each appeared to him to represent the true religion. About 1840, he made the acquaintance of Isaac Leeser
, who took an interest in him, and he became deeply attached to Judaism, discarding all his other forms of belief. On May 17, 1844, he was commissioned consul
at Jerusalem (the first to be so commissioned). The commission was recalled before he arrived in Jerusalem, unbeknowest to him. Thus no despatches from him are now on file in the Department of State. He speaks of his departure for Jerusalem as follows:
Previous to his departure he had been successfully engaged in agriculture at Gwynedd
, a suburb of Philadelphia, and had accumulated a competence.
and the chief rabbi, Abraham Chai Gagin, he was circumcised and received into Judaism. He returned to Philadelphia in Sept., 1848, to arrange his affairs in order that he might pass the remainder of his days in Jerusalem.
During the period of his stay in Philadelphia he was a regular attendant at the Mikve Israel synagogue, taking part in the Jewish communal life, and rigorously observing the ceremonial laws. During that time he contributed to "The Occident," and in 1851 published his strangely jumbled volume, "The Key of David
: David the True Messiah
, or the Anointed of the God
of Jacob
. Its value lies mainly in its autobiographical character.
and Judah Touro
were working along the same lines, he announced his intention of establishing an agricultural colony in the valley of Rephaïm. In March, 1853, the columns of "The Occident" contained his circular, sent from Jerusalem, inviting attention to, and assistance for, his projects. Though interspersed with much theology and with many quotations from the Bible
, the circular is one that only a practical farmer and a thinker upon educational subjects could have produced. The prevailing distress was to be relieved by the establishment of agricultural colonies, and the oppressed of Israel
in all parts of the world were to be enabled to return to Zion
. Ample provision was also projected for the education of the colony. But, the means not being forthcoming, his plans were doomed to failure. Yet he never seems to have given up hope, and during the years 1853-1856 the columns of "The Occident" contained many communications from him on this subject.
He married a Sephardic woman shortly after his return to Jerusalem. He lived the life of a pious Oriental Jew, dressed as a native Sephardi, and became a prominent leader of the community. At his death he was buried on the Mount of Olives
, with such honors as are paid only to a prominent rabbi.
Besides the two works mentioned above, Cresson wrote: The Two Witnesses, Moses and Elijah, London
, 1844; The Good Olive-Tree, Israel, ib. 1844; Jerusalem, the Center and Joy of the Whole Earth, Philadelphia, 1844.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States,...
, July 13, 1798 - Jerusalem Nov. 6, 1860) was a religious enthusiast, and convert to Judaism
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...
. He was directly descended from Pierre Cresson, one of the settlers of Harlem, NY, whose grandson, Solomon, migrated to Philadelphia about the beginning of the eighteenth century. Warder Cresson's father, the grandson of Pierre Cresson, was John Elliott Cresson (1773–1814), who married in 1795 Mary Warder.
History
Warder Cresson, as a young man, was much given to speculation upon religious and sociological questions. Though all in his family were Quakers, and he was reared in that faith, in 1830 he published a pamphlet entitled BabylonBabylon
Babylon was an Akkadian city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad...
the Great Is Falling! The Morning Star, or Light from on High, in which he deplores the extravagance and evil tendencies of the times, and exhorts all Quakers to lead a better and less wayward life. He now went through a period of strong religious mania, joining successively, various sects as each appeared to him to represent the true religion. About 1840, he made the acquaintance of Isaac Leeser
Isaac Leeser
Isaac Leeser was an American, Ashkenazi Jewish lay minister of religion, author, translator, editor, and publisher; pioneer of the Jewish pulpit in the United States, and founder of the Jewish press of America. He produced the first Jewish translation of the Bible into English to be published in...
, who took an interest in him, and he became deeply attached to Judaism, discarding all his other forms of belief. On May 17, 1844, he was commissioned consul
Consul
Consul was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire. The title was also used in other city states and also revived in modern states, notably in the First French Republic...
at Jerusalem (the first to be so commissioned). The commission was recalled before he arrived in Jerusalem, unbeknowest to him. Thus no despatches from him are now on file in the Department of State. He speaks of his departure for Jerusalem as follows:
"In the spring of 1844 I left everything near and dear to me on earth. I left the wife of my youth and six lovely children (dearer to me than my natural life), and an excellent farm with everything comfortable around me. I left all these in the pursuit of the Truth, and for the sake of the Truth alone."
Previous to his departure he had been successfully engaged in agriculture at Gwynedd
Gwynedd
Gwynedd is a county in north-west Wales, named after the old Kingdom of Gwynedd. Although the second biggest in terms of geographical area, it is also one of the most sparsely populated...
, a suburb of Philadelphia, and had accumulated a competence.
Residence in Jerusalem
He was much affected by the surroundings of the Jerusalem, became more and more inclined toward Judaism, and assumed the name Michoel C. Boaz Israel. During these years (1844–1848) he was a frequent contributor to Isaac Leeser's magazine, The Occident, devoting much space to a criticism of the methods of the London Society for the Conversion of the Jews. While in Jerusalem he identified himself with the Sephardic community, and was on terms of intimacy with Chacham Jehiel Cohen and the next chief rabbi, Elyashar. In 1848, he determined to become a Jew, and in March of that year, after much opposition from the beth dinBeth din
A beth din, bet din, beit din or beis din is a rabbinical court of Judaism. In ancient times, it was the building block of the legal system in the Biblical Land of Israel...
and the chief rabbi, Abraham Chai Gagin, he was circumcised and received into Judaism. He returned to Philadelphia in Sept., 1848, to arrange his affairs in order that he might pass the remainder of his days in Jerusalem.
Trial for Lunacy
When his wife and family learned of his determination they interposed every possible obstacle to the execution of his plans. He became estranged from all except one son, and had much difficulty in tracing the property which he had left in their care. They regarded his actions as indicative of a loss of mind, and in May, 1849, his wife (Elizabeth Townsend) and his son Jacob applied to the court and obtained a commission in lunacy. He appealed from this decision, and the trial of this cause, which extended over six days in May, 1851, was one of the famous cases of the time. Eminent counsel were retained on both sides and nearly one hundred witnesses were called. The decision of the lower court was reversed, and Cresson was discharged. The argument of Horatio Hubbell Jr., one of his counsel, was published in "The Occident" in 1863, with interesting comments from the pen of Isaac Leeser.During the period of his stay in Philadelphia he was a regular attendant at the Mikve Israel synagogue, taking part in the Jewish communal life, and rigorously observing the ceremonial laws. During that time he contributed to "The Occident," and in 1851 published his strangely jumbled volume, "The Key of David
David
David was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible and, according to the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, an ancestor of Jesus Christ through both Saint Joseph and Mary...
: David the True Messiah
Messiah
A messiah is a redeemer figure expected or foretold in one form or another by a religion. Slightly more widely, a messiah is any redeemer figure. Messianic beliefs or theories generally relate to eschatological improvement of the state of humanity or the world, in other words the World to...
, or the Anointed of the God
God
God is the English name given to a singular being in theistic and deistic religions who is either the sole deity in monotheism, or a single deity in polytheism....
of Jacob
Jacob
Jacob "heel" or "leg-puller"), also later known as Israel , as described in the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, the New Testament and the Qur'an was the third patriarch of the Hebrew people with whom God made a covenant, and ancestor of the tribes of Israel, which were named after his descendants.In the...
. Its value lies mainly in its autobiographical character.
Agricultural colony in Palestine
Soon after the trial he returned to Jerusalem and actively supported the efforts then being made for the agricultural regeneration of Palestine. In the fall of 1852, when Sir Moses MontefioreMoses Montefiore
Sir Moses Haim Montefiore, 1st Baronet, Kt was one of the most famous British Jews of the 19th century. Montefiore was a financier, banker, philanthropist and Sheriff of London...
and Judah Touro
Judah Touro
Judah Touro was an American businessman and philanthropist.-Early life and career:...
were working along the same lines, he announced his intention of establishing an agricultural colony in the valley of Rephaïm. In March, 1853, the columns of "The Occident" contained his circular, sent from Jerusalem, inviting attention to, and assistance for, his projects. Though interspersed with much theology and with many quotations from the Bible
Bible
The Bible refers to any one of the collections of the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no common version of the Bible, as the individual books , their contents and their order vary among denominations...
, the circular is one that only a practical farmer and a thinker upon educational subjects could have produced. The prevailing distress was to be relieved by the establishment of agricultural colonies, and the oppressed of Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
in all parts of the world were to be enabled to return to Zion
Zion
Zion is a place name often used as a synonym for Jerusalem. The word is first found in Samuel II, 5:7 dating to c.630-540 BCE...
. Ample provision was also projected for the education of the colony. But, the means not being forthcoming, his plans were doomed to failure. Yet he never seems to have given up hope, and during the years 1853-1856 the columns of "The Occident" contained many communications from him on this subject.
He married a Sephardic woman shortly after his return to Jerusalem. He lived the life of a pious Oriental Jew, dressed as a native Sephardi, and became a prominent leader of the community. At his death he was buried on the Mount of Olives
Mount of Olives
The Mount of Olives is a mountain ridge in East Jerusalem with three peaks running from north to south. The highest, at-Tur, rises to 818 meters . It is named for the olive groves that once covered its slopes...
, with such honors as are paid only to a prominent rabbi.
Besides the two works mentioned above, Cresson wrote: The Two Witnesses, Moses and Elijah, London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, 1844; The Good Olive-Tree, Israel, ib. 1844; Jerusalem, the Center and Joy of the Whole Earth, Philadelphia, 1844.