Vinyl polymer

Vinyl Polymer

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Vinyl polymer

Vinyl polymers are a group of polymer

Polymer

A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units typically connected by covalent chemical bonds. While polymer in popular usage suggests plastic, the term actually refers to a large class of natural and synthetic materials with a variety of properties....
s derived from vinyl

Vinyl

A vinyl compound is any organic compound that contains a vinyl group , −CarbonHydrogenCovalent bondCH2. These are derivatives of ethene, CH2=CH2, with one hydrogen atom replaced with some other group....
monomer

Monomer

A monomer is a small molecule that may become Chemistry chemical bonding to other monomers to form a polymer....
s. Their backbone is an extended alkane chain, made by polymerizing an alkene

Alkene

In organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an Saturation chemical compound containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond....
group (C=C) into a chain (..-C-C-C-C-..). In popular usage, "vinyl" refers only to PVC. Vinyl polymers are the most common type of plastic:

Other vinyl monomers with a 1,2-substitution pattern do as a general rule not polymerize due to steric hindrance it is thermodynamically still favorable.

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Encyclopedia

Vinyl polymers are a group of polymer

Polymer

Vinyl

Monomer

A monomer is a small molecule that may become Chemistry chemical bonding to other monomers to form a polymer....
s. Their backbone is an extended alkane chain, made by polymerizing an alkene

Alkene

Polymerized simple alkenes: polyethylene
Polyethylene

Polyethylene or polythene is a thermoplastic commodity heavily used in consumer products . Over 60 million tons of the material are produced worldwide every year....
from ethene, polypropylene
Polypropylene

Polypropylene or polypropene is a thermoplastic polymer, made by the chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications, including packaging, textiles , stationery, plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, and polymer banknotes....
from propene and polybutadiene
Polybutadiene

Polybutadiene is a synthetic rubber that is a polymer formed from the polymerization of the monomer 1,3-butadiene. It has a high resistance to wear and is used especially in the Tire manufacturing of tires....
from butadiene.
Polystyrene
Polystyrene

Polystyrene , sometimes abbreviated PS, is an Aromaticity polymer made from the aromatic monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry....
is made from styrene
Styrene

Styrene, also known as vinyl benzene as well as many other names , is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH=CH2....
or "vinyl benzene".
Polyvinyl chloride
Polyvinyl chloride

Polyvinyl chloride, commonly abbreviated PVC, is the third most widely used thermoplastic polymer after polyethylene and polypropylene....
(PVC) is made by polymerization
Polymerization

In polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks or polymer chains....
of the monomer
Monomer

A monomer is a small molecule that may become Chemistry chemical bonding to other monomers to form a polymer....
vinyl chloride
Vinyl chloride

Vinyl chloride is the organic compound with the formula CH2:CHCl. This colourless compound is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride ....
(chloroethene) CH₂=CHCl
Polyvinyl acetate
Polyvinyl acetate

Polyvinyl acetate is a rubbery synthetic polymer. PVA is a common copolymer.It is prepared by polymerization of vinyl acetate, also referred to as VAM....
(PVAc) is made by polymerization of vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetate

Vinyl acetate is an organic compound with the Chemical formula CH3COOCH=CH2. A colorless liquid with a pungent odor, it is the precursor to polyvinyl acetate , an important polymer in industry....
. In a water suspension, this is used as a glue.
Polyvinyl alcohol
Polyvinyl alcohol

Polyvinyl alcohol is a water-soluble synthetic polymer....
(PVA) is produced by hydrolysis
Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction during which one or more water are split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go on to participate in further reactions....
of polyvinyl acetate
Polyvinyl acetate

Polyvinyl acetate is a rubbery synthetic polymer. PVA is a common copolymer.It is prepared by polymerization of vinyl acetate, also referred to as VAM....
. (Not by polymerization of the monomer vinyl alcohol or ethenol
Ethenol

Ethenol, also called vinyl alcohol, hydroxyethene or hydroxyethylene, is an alcohol with chemical formula 23 and CAS number 557-75-5....
, which is an unfavored keto-enol tautomer
Tautomer

Tautomers are isomers of organic compounds that readily interconvert by a chemical reaction called tautomerization. Commonly this reaction results in the formal migration of a hydrogen atom or proton, accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond....
of acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde is an organic compound with the chemical formula CarbonHydrogen3CHOxygen or MeCHO. It is a flammable liquid with a fruity smell....
.)
Polyacrylonitrile
Polyacrylonitrile

Polyacrylonitrile is a resinous, fiber, or rubbery organic polymer. Almost all polyacrylonitrile resins are copolymers made from mixtures of monomers; with acrylonitrile as the main component....
is prepared from acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula CH2CHCN. This pungent-smelling colorless liquid often appears yellow due to impurities....

Other vinyl monomers with a 1,2-substitution pattern do as a general rule not polymerize due to steric hindrance it is thermodynamically still favorable. As an exception it was found that the monomer fumaronitrile (related to fumaric acid

Fumaric acid

Fumaric acid is the chemical compound with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H. This white crystalline compound is one of two isomeric unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, the other being maleic acid wherein the carboxylic acid groups are cis....
and also to acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula CH2CHCN. This pungent-smelling colorless liquid often appears yellow due to impurities....
but with an extra nitrile group) does polymerize but only in a very special way

A very thin film of monomer was prepared in a vacuum chamber

Vacuum chamber

A vacuum chamber is a rigid enclosure from which air and other gases are removed by a vacuum pump. The resulting low pressure, commonly referred to as a vacuum, allows researchers to conduct physical experiments or to test mechanical devices which must operate in outer space ....
on a tantalum

Tantalum

Tantalum is a chemical element with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. A rare, hard, blue-grey, lustre transition metal, tantalum is highly corrosion-resistant and occurs naturally in the mineral tantalite, always together with the chemically similar niobium....
substrate at -173°C and then photopolymerized. Due to the poor penetration depth of the radiation, thin polymer films with thickness several micrometre

Micrometre

A micrometre or micron is one Micro- of a metre, or equivalently one thousandth of a millimetre. It is also commonly known as a micron....
s were obtained nevertheless with degree of polymerization

Degree of polymerization

The degree of polymerization, or DP, is the number of repeat units in an average polymer chain at time t in a polymerization reaction . The length is in monomer units....
in the 10,000 range. The polymerization is able to take place because the monomer molecules in the film are completely disorganized (isotropic) and therefore there is always a possibility for two monomers to react which they do not have in the crystalline phase.

Vinyl polymer

See also