Ulmus 'Columella'
Encyclopedia
Ulmus 'Columella' is a Dutch cultivar
raised by the Dorschkamp Research Institute in Wageningen
from a selfed seedling of the hybrid 'Plantyn' sown in 1967. It was released for sale in 1989 after proving extremely resistant to Dutch elm disease
following inoculation with unnaturally high doses of the causative fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi .
e, broadly obovate, are 13-17 mm long by 10-12 mm wide.
.
, where its columnar shape has made it popular as a street tree. It is commonly found in Amsterdam
, where it has been widely planted as a replacement for the similarly-fastigiate Guernsey Elm, U. minor subsp. sarniensis http://www.amsterdamsebomen.nl, itself a replacement for the Belgian Elm, Ulmus × hollandica 'Belgica', which had succumbed so readily to the earlier strain of Dutch elm diease after World War I
.
In trials conducted by Butterfly Conservation
in southern Hampshire
, England
, 'Columella' was the only cultivar to become distressed during the drought of 2006, shedding most of its foliage by early August; a trait possibly inherited from one of the tree's ancestors, the Himalayan Elm Ulmus wallichiana; several trees later died. 'Columella' first flowered aged 8 years, in March; the resultant seeds were found to have a moderate viability . 'Columella' featured in New Zealand
government trials during the 1990s at the Hortresearch station, Palmerston North
, but is not known to have been introduced to North America
.
, who introduced the Atinian elm (now more commonly known as the English Elm
) to Spain
from Italy
circa AD 50.
Cultivar
A cultivar'Cultivar has two meanings as explained under Formal definition. When used in reference to a taxon, the word does not apply to an individual plant but to all those plants sharing the unique characteristics that define the cultivar. is a plant or group of plants selected for desirable...
raised by the Dorschkamp Research Institute in Wageningen
Wageningen
' is a municipality and a historical town in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specializes in life sciences. The city has 37,414 inhabitants , of which many thousands are students...
from a selfed seedling of the hybrid 'Plantyn' sown in 1967. It was released for sale in 1989 after proving extremely resistant to Dutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a disease caused by a member of the sac fungi category, affecting elm trees which is spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally introduced into America and Europe, where it has devastated native...
following inoculation with unnaturally high doses of the causative fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi .
Description
'Columella' makes a tall, fastigiate tree with very upright branches, but broadens in later years http://documents.plant.wur.nl/straatbomen/artikelen/K0106012.pdf http://www.kemphaan.nl/boomverhalen/wg.php?meer=60. The rough, rounded, and curiously twisted leaves, < 7 cm long, are the result of a recessive gene inherited from its Exeter Elm ancestor, and are arranged in asymmetric clusters on short branchlets. The samaraSamara (fruit)
A samara is a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit and indehiscent . It is a winged achene...
e, broadly obovate, are 13-17 mm long by 10-12 mm wide.
Pests and diseases
Rated 5 out of 5 'Columella' has a very high resistance to Dutch elm diseaseDutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a disease caused by a member of the sac fungi category, affecting elm trees which is spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally introduced into America and Europe, where it has devastated native...
.
Cultivation
Wind resistant, the tree has been planted throughout the NetherlandsNetherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, where its columnar shape has made it popular as a street tree. It is commonly found in Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The current position of Amsterdam as capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is governed by the constitution of August 24, 1815 and its successors. Amsterdam has a population of 783,364 within city limits, an urban population...
, where it has been widely planted as a replacement for the similarly-fastigiate Guernsey Elm, U. minor subsp. sarniensis http://www.amsterdamsebomen.nl, itself a replacement for the Belgian Elm, Ulmus × hollandica 'Belgica', which had succumbed so readily to the earlier strain of Dutch elm diease after World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
.
In trials conducted by Butterfly Conservation
Butterfly Conservation
Butterfly Conservation is an insect conservation organisation in the United Kingdom. It is one of the largest insect conservation organisations in the world.-History of the Organisation:...
in southern Hampshire
Hampshire
Hampshire is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, a historic cathedral city that was once the capital of England. Hampshire is notable for housing the original birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, 'Columella' was the only cultivar to become distressed during the drought of 2006, shedding most of its foliage by early August; a trait possibly inherited from one of the tree's ancestors, the Himalayan Elm Ulmus wallichiana; several trees later died. 'Columella' first flowered aged 8 years, in March; the resultant seeds were found to have a moderate viability . 'Columella' featured in New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
government trials during the 1990s at the Hortresearch station, Palmerston North
Palmerston North
Palmerston North is the main city of the Manawatu-Wanganui region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is an inland city with a population of and is the country's seventh largest city and eighth largest urban area. Palmerston North is located in the eastern Manawatu Plains near the north bank...
, but is not known to have been introduced to North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
.
Hybrid cultivars
- Clone FL 666 (Heybroek'sHans M. HeybroekHans M. Heybroek is a Dutch botanist best known for his researches into the genus Ulmus at the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning. Until his retirement in 1992, he was responsible for the raising and release of numerous elm hybrid cultivars, notably 'Columella'...
405* × 'Columella'), Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Florence. Not in commerce. *(U. × hollandica × U. minor) - Clone FL 589 ('San Zanobi' × 'Columella'), Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Florence. Not in commerce.
Etymology
The hybrid is named for the Roman agronomist ColumellaColumella
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella is the most important writer on agriculture of the Roman empire. Little is known of his life. He was probably born in Gades , possibly of Roman parents. After a career in the army , he took up farming...
, who introduced the Atinian elm (now more commonly known as the English Elm
English Elm
Ulmus procera Salisb., the English, Common, or more lately Atinian, Elm was, before the advent of Dutch elm disease, one of the largest and fastest-growing deciduous trees in Europe...
) to Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
from Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
circa AD 50.
Europe
- Arboretum de La Petite LoiterieArboretum de la Petite LoiterieThe Arboretum de la Petite Loiterie is a young arboretum located in Le Sentier, Monthodon, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. It is open a few days per month; an admission fee is charged....
http://lapetiteloiterie.free.fr/html/presentation/especes.html, MonthodonMonthodonMonthodon is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France....
, FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. No details available. - Grange Farm ArboretumGrange Farm ArboretumThe Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam....
, Sutton St JamesSutton St JamesSutton St James is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England, about south west of Long Sutton.Lying in the Lincolnshire Fens, Sutton St James did not exist at the time of Domesday Book of 1086...
, SpaldingSpalding, LincolnshireSpalding is a market town with a population of 30,000 on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. Little London is a hamlet directly south of Spalding on the B1172 road....
, Lincs.LincolnshireLincolnshire is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the north west, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders...
, UK. Acc. no. 818. - Great Fontley Farm, FarehamFarehamThe market town of Fareham lies in the south east of Hampshire, England, between the cities of Southampton and Portsmouth, roughly in the centre of the South Hampshire conurbation.It gives its name to the borough comprising the town and the surrounding area...
, UK, Butterfly ConservationButterfly ConservationButterfly Conservation is an insect conservation organisation in the United Kingdom. It is one of the largest insect conservation organisations in the world.-History of the Organisation:...
Elm Trials plantation, Home Field I6, (planted 2003). - Brighton & HoveBrighton & HoveBrighton and Hove is a unitary authority area and city on the south coast of England. It is England's most populous seaside resort.In 1997 Brighton and Hove were joined to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, which was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II as part of the millennium...
City Council, UK, NCCPG elm collection http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/index.cfm?request=c1108042. East Drive, Queen's Park.
Europe
- Boomwekerijen 'De Batterijen' http://www.treecommerce.com/batterijen/resultaten_pagina.asp?page=1&taal=&zoekplant=Ulmus, OchtenOchtenOchten is a town in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Neder-Betuwe, and lies about 10 km southwest of Wageningen....
, NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders... - J A Jones http://www.jajones.co.uk/rangetrees.htm, SouthportSouthportSouthport is a seaside town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England. During the 2001 census Southport was recorded as having a population of 90,336, making it the eleventh most populous settlement in North West England...
, LancashireLancashireLancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston...
, UK - Hilliers Nurseries http://www.hilliertrees.co.uk/, AmpfieldAmpfieldAmpfield is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Test Valley in Hampshire, England, between Romsey, Eastleigh, and Winchester. It had a population at the 2001 census of 1,474....
, UK. Standards only. - PlantenTuin Esveld http://www.esveld.nl/catalen/heestersu.htm#ulmus, BoskoopBoskoopBoskoop is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of 15,217 in 2008, and covers an area of 16.96 km² of which 2.17 km² is water...
, NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders... - Tuinenlandschap http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&q=kweker+dampieri+ulmus&btnG=Google+Search&meta=, DoetinchemDoetinchemDoetinchem is a city and municipality in the east of the Netherlands. It is situated along the Oude IJssel river in a part of the province of Gelderland called the Achterhoek . The municipality has 56,700 inhabitants and has an area of 79.66 km²...
, The NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders... - UmbraFlor http://www.umbraflor.it, SpelloSpelloSpello is an ancient town and comune of Italy, in the province of Perugia in east central Umbria, on the lower southern flank of Mt. Subasio. It is 6 km NNW of Foligno and 10 km SSE of Assisi.The old walled town lies on a regularly NW-SE sloping ridge that eventually meets the plain...
, ItalyItalyItaly , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and... - Westerveld Boomkwekerij B.V.http://www.westerveldbv.nl/, OpheusdenOpheusdenOpheusden is a town in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Neder-Betuwe, and lies about 5 km south of Wageningen....
, NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders... - Boomkwekerij 't Herenlandhttp://www.herenland.nl/, Randwijk, NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...