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Second Anglo-Maratha War
 
 
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The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) was the second conflict between the British East India Company
British East India Company

The East India Company was an early England joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the Indies, but that ended up trading with the Indian subcontinent and China....
 and the Maratha Empire
Maratha Empire

The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was a Hindu state located in present-day India. It existed from 1674 to 1818. At its peak, the empire's territories covered much of South Asia....
 in India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
.

overarching ambition of Raghunathrao
Raghunathrao

Raghunathrao was Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy from 1773 to 1774. He was instrumental in the downfall of the Peshwa clan....
, Peshwa
Peshwa

The Peshwa were Brahmin Prime Ministers to the Maratha Chattrapatis , who began commanding Maratha armies and later became the hereditary rulers of the Maratha empire of central India from 1749 to 1818....
 Baji Rao II
Baji Rao II

Baji Rao II, also known as palputta Bajirao, was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy, and governed from 1796 to 1818. His reign was marked by confrontations with the British India....
's father, and the latter's own incompetence since coming into his inheritance, had long caused much internecine intrigue within the Maratha confederacy; Peshwa Baji Rao II no longer commanded the deference his predecessors had.

In October 1802, Peshwa Baji Rao II was defeated by the Holkar
Holkar

The Holkar were a prominent Dhangar family, who ruled as Rajas and later Maharajas of Indaur in Central India as an independent member of the Maratha Confederacy until 1818, and afterwards as a princely state -under protectorate- of British India with a 19-guns salute until India's independence, when the state acceded to the Indian governm...
 ruler of Indore
Indore

Indore .The family retained its possessions of royalty, which included having an elephant, Nishan, Danka and Gadi even after the advent of Holkars and also retained the right of performing the first puja of Dushera before the Holkar rulers....
, at the Battle of Poona
Battle of Poona

The Battle of Poona took place on 25 October 1802 near Pune between the rival factions of the Maratha Confederacy. The forces of the the Scindia and the Peshwa Bajirao II were attacked by the Holkars....
.






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The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) was the second conflict between the British East India Company
British East India Company

The East India Company was an early England joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the Indies, but that ended up trading with the Indian subcontinent and China....
 and the Maratha Empire
Maratha Empire

The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was a Hindu state located in present-day India. It existed from 1674 to 1818. At its peak, the empire's territories covered much of South Asia....
 in India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
.

Background

The overarching ambition of Raghunathrao
Raghunathrao

Raghunathrao was Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy from 1773 to 1774. He was instrumental in the downfall of the Peshwa clan....
, Peshwa
Peshwa

The Peshwa were Brahmin Prime Ministers to the Maratha Chattrapatis , who began commanding Maratha armies and later became the hereditary rulers of the Maratha empire of central India from 1749 to 1818....
 Baji Rao II
Baji Rao II

Baji Rao II, also known as palputta Bajirao, was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy, and governed from 1796 to 1818. His reign was marked by confrontations with the British India....
's father, and the latter's own incompetence since coming into his inheritance, had long caused much internecine intrigue within the Maratha confederacy; Peshwa Baji Rao II no longer commanded the deference his predecessors had.

In October 1802, Peshwa Baji Rao II was defeated by the Holkar
Holkar

The Holkar were a prominent Dhangar family, who ruled as Rajas and later Maharajas of Indaur in Central India as an independent member of the Maratha Confederacy until 1818, and afterwards as a princely state -under protectorate- of British India with a 19-guns salute until India's independence, when the state acceded to the Indian governm...
 ruler of Indore
Indore

Indore .The family retained its possessions of royalty, which included having an elephant, Nishan, Danka and Gadi even after the advent of Holkars and also retained the right of performing the first puja of Dushera before the Holkar rulers....
, at the Battle of Poona
Battle of Poona

The Battle of Poona took place on 25 October 1802 near Pune between the rival factions of the Maratha Confederacy. The forces of the the Scindia and the Peshwa Bajirao II were attacked by the Holkars....
. He fled to British protection, and in December the same year concluded the Treaty of Bassein
Treaty of Bassein

The Treaty of Bassein could refer to one of the articles shown below.*Treaty of Bassein - a treaty signed by Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat and the Portuguese....
 with the British East India Company
British East India Company

The East India Company was an early England joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the Indies, but that ended up trading with the Indian subcontinent and China....
, ceding territory for the maintenance of a subsidiary force and agreeing to treaty with no other power. The British also had to check the French influence in India.

The War

This act on the part of the Peshwa
Peshwa

The Peshwa were Brahmin Prime Ministers to the Maratha Chattrapatis , who began commanding Maratha armies and later became the hereditary rulers of the Maratha empire of central India from 1749 to 1818....
, their nominal overlord, horrified and disgusted the maratha chieftains; in particular, the Sindhia rulers of Gwalior
Gwalior

Gwalior ,, is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India. It lies 76 miles south of Agra and has a population of over 12 lakh . The Gwalior metropolitan area is the 46th most populated area in the country....
 and the Bhonsle
Bhonsle

The Bhosle or Bhosale were a prominent Maratha clan who served as rulers of several states in India .The most prominent member of the clan was Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha empire....
 rulers of Nagpur
Nagpur

Nagpur is the largest city in central India and second capital of the States and territories of India of Maharashtra. It is headquarter of Nagpur district and Nagpur division and is third largest city by population of Maharashtra....
 and Berar
Berar

*Berar Sultanate & Ancient*Berar Subah *Berar Province *Central Provinces and Berar *Berar Division ...
 contested the agreement. They were defeated, respectively, at Laswari
Laswari

The Battle of Laswari took place on November 1, 1803 and was part of the Second Anglo-Maratha War.The British, commanded by Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake were about 10,000 men strong, opposing the Sindhia's Maratha army of 9,000 veteran infantry and 5,000 cavalry....
 and Delhi
Delhi

Delhi , sometimes referred to as Dilli , is the List of most populous cities in India metropolis in India and, with over 11 million residents, the List of metropolitan areas by population....
 by Lord Lake and at Assaye
Assaye

Assaye is a small village in the Jalna district of the state of Maharashtra in western India. The village was the location of the Battle of Assaye in 1803, fought between the Maratha Confederacy and the British East India Company....
 and Argaon
Argaon

Argaon is a village located in Telhara tehsil near Akot in Akola district of Maharashtra, India, 32 mi north of Akola. The village is known for the Battle of Argaon between British and Marathas during Second Anglo-Maratha War....
 by Sir Arthur Wellesley
Arthur Wellesley

Arthur Wellesley may refer to:*Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington , Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman*Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington , British soldier and nobleman...
. The Holkar
Holkar

The Holkar were a prominent Dhangar family, who ruled as Rajas and later Maharajas of Indaur in Central India as an independent member of the Maratha Confederacy until 1818, and afterwards as a princely state -under protectorate- of British India with a 19-guns salute until India's independence, when the state acceded to the Indian governm...
 rulers of Indore
Indore

Indore .The family retained its possessions of royalty, which included having an elephant, Nishan, Danka and Gadi even after the advent of Holkars and also retained the right of performing the first puja of Dushera before the Holkar rulers....
 belatedly joined the fray and compelled the British
British East India Company

The East India Company was an early England joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the Indies, but that ended up trading with the Indian subcontinent and China....
 to make peace.

Conclusion

On 17 December 1803, Raghuji Bhonsale (II) of Nagpur signed the Treaty of Deogaon with the British after the Battle of Laswari and gave up the province of Cuttack including Balasore.

On 30 December 1803, the Scindia signed the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon with the British after the Battle of Assaye
Battle of Assaye

The Battle of Assaye was a major battle of the Second Anglo-Maratha War fought between the Maratha Confederacy and the British East India Company....
 and ceded to the British Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat, fort of Ahmmadnagar.

Yashwantrao Holkar
Yashwantrao Holkar

Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Sawai Shri Yashwantrao Holkar Bahadur, Maharaja of Indore, was born in 1776.He has been described by a historian as the "Napoleon I of France of India."...
, however began hostilities with the English by securing the alliance of the Raja of Bharatpur. By the Treaty of Rajghat, Holkar got back most of his territories. The Holkar
Holkar

The Holkar were a prominent Dhangar family, who ruled as Rajas and later Maharajas of Indaur in Central India as an independent member of the Maratha Confederacy until 1818, and afterwards as a princely state -under protectorate- of British India with a 19-guns salute until India's independence, when the state acceded to the Indian governm...
 Maharajas retained control and overlordship over much of Rajasthan
Rajasthan

Rajasthan is the largest States and territories of India of the Republic of India in terms of area. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan....
.

See also

  • Yashwantrao Holkar
    Yashwantrao Holkar

    Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Sawai Shri Yashwantrao Holkar Bahadur, Maharaja of Indore, was born in 1776.He has been described by a historian as the "Napoleon I of France of India."...
  • Battle of Bharatpur
    Battle of Bharatpur

    Date of Battle: 13 December 1804 till 17 April 1805.Yashwantrao Holkar had attacked the British and chased colonel Manson. He had attacked Delhi to free the Mugol Emperor from the British....
  • Fort of Ahmednuggur
    Fort of Ahmednuggur

    The Fort of Ahmednuggur is located in the heart of the city of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It was the headquarters of the Ahmednagar Sultanate....
     and Pettah of Ahmednuggur
    Pettah of Ahmednuggur

    In 1803 the Pettah of Ahmednuggur had forty bastions, or round towers: eight of them were large, with two guns in each; the remainder had only loopholes....
  • History of India
    History of India

    The known history of India begins with the Indus Valley Civilization, which spread and flourished in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent, from c....
  • Napoleonic Wars
    Napoleonic Wars

    The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts involving Napoleon I of France First French Empire and changing sets of European allies and opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815....
  • Alexander Adams
    Alexander Adams

    Lieutenant-General Alexander Adams was a British army officer, who saw much service, principally in India. He joined the 78th Regiment of Foot in India....


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