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Russo-Persian War, 1722-1723

 

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Russo-Persian War, 1722-1723


 
 

Russo-Persian War, 1722-1723, known in Russian historiography as the Persian campaign of Peter the Great, was a war between RussiaRussia

Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia....
 and PersiaPersian Empire

The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau and beyond....
, triggered by the tsarTsar

Tsar , occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term des...
's attempt to expand Russian influence in the CaspianCaspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest lake on Earth by both area and volume, with a surface area of 371,000 square kilometres and ...
 and South CaucasusSouth Caucasus

South Caucasus, also referred to as Transcaucasia or Transcaucasus, is the southern portion of the Caucasus regi...
 regions and to prevent its rival, Ottoman Turkey, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of the declining Safavid Persia.

Prior to the campaign, Peter I of Russia secured an alliance with a Georgian king Vakhtang VI of KartliFacts About Vakhtang VI of Kartli

Vakhtang VI, also known as Vakhtang the Scholar and Vakhtang the Lawgiver, was a wali of Kartli, eastern Georgia...
 and with Catholicos of ArmeniaCatholicos of Armenia Overview

His Holiness, the Catholicos of Armenia and of All Armenians is the head archbishop of Armenia's dominant church, the Armeni...
 Asdvadzadur. These Christian rulers were seeking Russian aid in their struggle against two expansionist Muslim powers - Turkey and Persia.

In July 1722, the Russian army, numbering about 22,000 men, embarked on ships of the newly-built Caspian FlotillaCaspian Flotilla

Caspian Flotilla is the oldest Russian military flotilla, stationed in the Caspian Sea....
 led by admiral Fyodor ApraksinFyodor Matveyevich Apraksin

Count Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin was one of the first Russian admirals who governed Estonia and Karelia from 1712 to 1723, ...
 from AstrakhanAstrakhan

Astrakhan, a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast....
. They were joined later by about 22,000 cavalry and the Cossacks marching overland from Tsaritsyn. On August 23, 1722 the Russian army captured DerbentDerbent

Derbent is a city in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia....
 in southern DagestanDagestan

The Republic of Dagestan , older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation....
. However, in the autumn of this year storms on the Caspian SeaFacts About Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest lake on Earth by both area and volume, with a surface area of 371,000 square kilometres and ...
 forced Peter the Great to return to Astrakhan leaving Russian garrisons at Derbent and Svyatoy KrestBudyonnovsk

Budyonnovsk is a town in Stavropol Krai, Russia....
. In September of 1722, Vakhtang VI encamped at Ganja with a combined Georgian-Armenian army of 40,000 to join the advancing Russian expedition, but after receiving news about Peter I's departure returned to TbilisiTbilisi

Tbilisi is the capital city of the country of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura river, at ....
 in November.

In December 1722 the Russian army and navy, under major generalMajor General

Major General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries....
 Mikhail Matyushkin, seized RashtRasht

Rasht is the capital of Gilan province in northwestern Iran....
 and in July 1723 proceeded to capture BakuFacts About Baku

Baku , sometimes known as Baky or Baki, is the capital and the largest city of Azerbaijan....
. Russian military success and the Turkish invasion of Persian possessions in the Southern Caucasus in the spring of 1723 forced the government of Tahmasp IITahmasp II Summary

Tahmasp II was one of the last Safavid rulers of Persia, which today is known as Iran....
 to sign a Saint PetersburgSaint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg listen is a city located in northwestern Russia on the delta of the Neva River at the east end of the Gulf...
 peace treaty which surrendered DerbentDerbent

Derbent is a city in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia....
, BakuBaku

Baku , sometimes known as Baky or Baki, is the capital and the largest city of Azerbaijan....
, and the Persian provinces of ShirvanShirvan Overview

Shervan or Shirvan is a historic region in Russian Azerbaijan, stretching between the western shore of the Caspian Sea...
, GilanGilan

Gilan may refer to:*Gilan Province , Iran...
, Mazandaran, and Astrabad to the Russians on September 12, 1723.

In 1735, on the eve of the Russo-Turkish WarRusso-Turkish War, 1735-1739

Russo-Turkish War of 1735-1739, a war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, caused by intensified contradictions over the r...
, the government of Empress Anna IoannovnaAnna of Russia

Anna Ivanovna reigned as Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730 and as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740....
 returned all the annexed territories to Persia as a prerequisite to constructing an alliance with Persians against Ottoman Turkey.

See also

  • Russo-Persian WarsRusso-Persian Wars

    The Russo-Persian Wars were a series of wars fought between the Russian Empire and Persia in the 18th and 19th centuries:...
  • Russo-Turkish WarRusso-Turkish War

    Russo-Turkish War may refer to one of the following conflicts between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire:...