Russian bayors
Encyclopedia
Bayors, baˈjuːrəɹ, a Swedish transmogrification of ‘boyar
’, designating in the early modern era all Russian noblemen in general, and particularly a group of Russian noble families who had entered Swedish service in the late sixteenth–early seventeenth centuries and were incorporated into the Swedish nobility. Of these, the most notable were the families
which were all immatriculated (‘introduced’) at the Swedish House of Nobility (for their immatriculation numbers, see the List of Swedish noble families). In 1818, those families resident east of the Bothnian
were similarly immatriculated at the Finnish House of Nobility, then in the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland (compare the List of Finnish noble families). The coats-of-arms granted by the kings of Sweden almost invariably allude to military prowess and tend to include weaponry which was regarded as ‘Muscovite’ (sabre
s, bows and arrows
, maces; sometimes ‘tamed’ or ‘Swedicised’ by the crown within which they are crossed), mounted warriors and ‘northern’ animals. Of particular importance as a model, was the coat-of-arms of the Aminoffs.
During the seventeenth century, most of the bayor families were closely associated with the province of Ingria
, where they were supposed to constitute a part of the ruling class that might be more acceptable to the Orthodox, to a large extent Russian, population than was the Lutheran Swedish and German nobility. Simultaneously, however, the bayors were expected to raise their sons as good Lutherans in order to retain an ‘eligibility’ to offices in the state and in the army. This fact led to nearly full integration into the Swedish nobility by the end of the seventeenth century, although at home, and especially among the women, Orthodoxy and syncreticism may still have been fairly widespread. The bayor families practiced endogamy
to a large extent in the seventeenth century, which might have allowed Russian traditions to live on ‘at home’ but show increasingly less outwardly. This is to be contrasted with the state of affairs in c.1640 when almost all bayors would have regarded – and showed – themselves as Orthodox, as the elderly still did in the 1660s. Till the mid-century they frequently interceded for the protection of Orthodox institutions. Interestingly, the French Ingrian family Baro(h)n, several of whose members spoke Russian and were used as interpreters, was occasionally added to the group on a par with the ‘true’ bayors.
Especially in the early decades of Swedish Ingria
, there were also, at a social level higher than the peasantry but below the bayors by far: the Russian townspeople of the city of Ivangorod
and the townships of Jama
, Caporie
and Nöteborg
, with some particularly well-off individuals (e.g. of the families Babin, Lebed, and Belous); the Orthodox clergy; the Russian so-called ‘half’ bayors, ; and a very small group of Tatar warriors. (The last two groups soon disappear from sight.)
A measure of their integration with Sweden may be had from a glance at the considerable number of officers from the bayor families who fought in the Swedish armies during the Great Northern War
(1700–1721), mainly on the Baltic front (note, however, that the Nassokins and Baranoffs derived from an earlier, pre-Ingrian, layer of bayors and had for all practical purposes lost their Russian cultural identity, living, as they did, in Livonia
and Finland
; note also that the Swedish Rosladins, the Butterlins
and the Zebotaioffs of the name were already extinct on the male line at the time). The officers were:
In several cases on the Baltic front, more than one bayor descendant might be found in the same detachment. Thus in the cavalry regiment of Colonel Carl Pereswetoff-Morath in Ingria we find the Captain Stephan Aminoff, the Lieutenant Carl Gustaf Rubzoff, and a Corporal Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath along with Major von Rohr, an Ingrian nobleman of German parentage. Apart from those enumerated, a great many sisters, wives and children were either killed, taken prisoner, enslaved, or managed to escape the Baltic provinces.
Among families which, for one reason or other, are not as regularly counted among the bayors
we find the Homutoffs (Хомутовъ), the Carpofskis (Карповскiй), and the Luhmenoffs (Лугмѣновъ). The first two would doubtless have been among the most central ones had they not been extinguished on the male line before immatriculation. Several individual noblemen who had no issue or who were soon repatriated to Russia could be similarly referred to as ‘bayors’
in the seventeenth century.
At the present time, there seem to be living representatives only of the Aminoffs and the Pereswetoff-Moraths (and possibly, although apparently no longer in Scandinavia, the Kalitins).
Boyar
A boyar, or bolyar , was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Moscovian, Kievan Rus'ian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes , from the 10th century through the 17th century....
’, designating in the early modern era all Russian noblemen in general, and particularly a group of Russian noble families who had entered Swedish service in the late sixteenth–early seventeenth centuries and were incorporated into the Swedish nobility. Of these, the most notable were the families
- Rosladin (Розладинъ)
- Baranoff (Барановъ/Борановъ)
- AminoffAminoffAminoff is a Russian origin noble family, which family members lives in Sweden and in Finland. Aminoff's genealogy branches are represented at Sweden's and Finland's House of Nobility...
(Аминевъ, branches later re-introduced in Russia as Аминовъ) - Kalitin/Callentin (Калитинъ)
- ButterlinButurlinButurlin was a Russian noble family. Notable members of the family include:* Afanasy Andreyevich Buturlin , a Russian voyevoda* Afanasy Mikhailovich Buturlin , a Russian voyevoda* Alexander Buturlin , a Russian general...
(Бутурлинъ) - Zebotaioff/Sabotaioff (Чеботаевъ, not Зебетриевъ etc), one branch later known as Apolloff (Опалёвъ, not Аполловъ etc)
- Pereswetoff-Morath (Пересвѣтовъ (-Муратъ, not Моратъ))
- Clementeoff (Клементьевъ)
- Nassokin (Насакинъ, not Нащокинъ)
- Golawitz (Головачевъ)
- Rubzoff (Рубцовъ; originally not a noble family but of Smolensk posadskie liudi),
which were all immatriculated (‘introduced’) at the Swedish House of Nobility (for their immatriculation numbers, see the List of Swedish noble families). In 1818, those families resident east of the Bothnian
Bothnian Sea
The Bothnian Sea links the Bothnian Bay with the Baltic proper. Kvarken is situated between the two. Together, the Bothnian Sea and Bay make up a larger geographical entity, the Gulf of Bothnia...
were similarly immatriculated at the Finnish House of Nobility, then in the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland (compare the List of Finnish noble families). The coats-of-arms granted by the kings of Sweden almost invariably allude to military prowess and tend to include weaponry which was regarded as ‘Muscovite’ (sabre
Sabre
The sabre or saber is a kind of backsword that usually has a curved, single-edged blade and a rather large hand guard, covering the knuckles of the hand as well as the thumb and forefinger...
s, bows and arrows
Bow (weapon)
The bow and arrow is a projectile weapon system that predates recorded history and is common to most cultures.-Description:A bow is a flexible arc that shoots aerodynamic projectiles by means of elastic energy. Essentially, the bow is a form of spring powered by a string or cord...
, maces; sometimes ‘tamed’ or ‘Swedicised’ by the crown within which they are crossed), mounted warriors and ‘northern’ animals. Of particular importance as a model, was the coat-of-arms of the Aminoffs.
During the seventeenth century, most of the bayor families were closely associated with the province of Ingria
Ingria
Ingria is a historical region in the eastern Baltic, now part of Russia, comprising the southern bank of the river Neva, between the Gulf of Finland, the Narva River, Lake Peipus in the west, and Lake Ladoga and the western bank of the Volkhov river in the east...
, where they were supposed to constitute a part of the ruling class that might be more acceptable to the Orthodox, to a large extent Russian, population than was the Lutheran Swedish and German nobility. Simultaneously, however, the bayors were expected to raise their sons as good Lutherans in order to retain an ‘eligibility’ to offices in the state and in the army. This fact led to nearly full integration into the Swedish nobility by the end of the seventeenth century, although at home, and especially among the women, Orthodoxy and syncreticism may still have been fairly widespread. The bayor families practiced endogamy
Endogamy
Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific ethnic group, class, or social group, rejecting others on such basis as being unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships. A Greek Orthodox Christian endogamist, for example, would require that a marriage be only with another...
to a large extent in the seventeenth century, which might have allowed Russian traditions to live on ‘at home’ but show increasingly less outwardly. This is to be contrasted with the state of affairs in c.1640 when almost all bayors would have regarded – and showed – themselves as Orthodox, as the elderly still did in the 1660s. Till the mid-century they frequently interceded for the protection of Orthodox institutions. Interestingly, the French Ingrian family Baro(h)n, several of whose members spoke Russian and were used as interpreters, was occasionally added to the group on a par with the ‘true’ bayors.
Especially in the early decades of Swedish Ingria
Ingria
Ingria is a historical region in the eastern Baltic, now part of Russia, comprising the southern bank of the river Neva, between the Gulf of Finland, the Narva River, Lake Peipus in the west, and Lake Ladoga and the western bank of the Volkhov river in the east...
, there were also, at a social level higher than the peasantry but below the bayors by far: the Russian townspeople of the city of Ivangorod
Ivangorod
Ivangorod is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the right bank of the Narva River by the Russian-Estonian border, west of St. Petersburg. Population: The town is known for the Ivangorod fortress....
and the townships of Jama
Kingisepp
Kingisepp , formerly Yamburg , Yam , and Yama , is an ancient town and the administrative center of Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located along the Luga Riverw west of St. Petersburg, east of Narva, and south of the Gulf of Finland...
, Caporie
Koporye
Koporye is a historic village in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located about 100 km to the west of St. Petersburg and 12 km south of the Koporye Bay of the Baltic Sea...
and Nöteborg
Shlisselburg
Shlisselburg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated at the head of the Neva River on Lake Ladoga, east of St. Petersburg. From 1944 to 1992, it was known as Petrokrepost...
, with some particularly well-off individuals (e.g. of the families Babin, Lebed, and Belous); the Orthodox clergy; the Russian so-called ‘half’ bayors, ; and a very small group of Tatar warriors. (The last two groups soon disappear from sight.)
A measure of their integration with Sweden may be had from a glance at the considerable number of officers from the bayor families who fought in the Swedish armies during the Great Northern War
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in northern Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter I the Great of Russia, Frederick IV of...
(1700–1721), mainly on the Baltic front (note, however, that the Nassokins and Baranoffs derived from an earlier, pre-Ingrian, layer of bayors and had for all practical purposes lost their Russian cultural identity, living, as they did, in Livonia
Livonia
Livonia is a historic region along the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It was once the land of the Finnic Livonians inhabiting the principal ancient Livonian County Metsepole with its center at Turaida...
and Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
; note also that the Swedish Rosladins, the Butterlins
Buturlin
Buturlin was a Russian noble family. Notable members of the family include:* Afanasy Andreyevich Buturlin , a Russian voyevoda* Afanasy Mikhailovich Buturlin , a Russian voyevoda* Alexander Buturlin , a Russian general...
and the Zebotaioffs of the name were already extinct on the male line at the time). The officers were:
- Corporal in the Drabant corps Adam Johan Aminoff, † 1702 Klissow
- Captain, later Major, Carl Johan Aminoff
- Captain of the Guard Christoffer Henrik Aminoff, † 1709 PoltavaBattle of PoltavaThe Battle of Poltava on 27 June 1709 was the decisive victory of Peter I of Russia over the Swedish forces under Field Marshal Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld in one of the battles of the Great Northern War. It is widely believed to have been the beginning of Sweden's decline as a Great Power; the...
- Lieutenant, later Major, Detlof Fredrik Aminoff, prisoner Perevolochna 1709Surrender at PerevolochnaThe surrender at Perevolochna was the capitulation of almost the entire Swedish army on June 30, 1709 / July 1, 1709 / July 11, 1709...
- Captain, later Major, Esaias Aminoff, prisoner Perevolochna 1709Surrender at PerevolochnaThe surrender at Perevolochna was the capitulation of almost the entire Swedish army on June 30, 1709 / July 1, 1709 / July 11, 1709...
- Lieutenant, later Captain, Georg Aminoff, prisoner ViborgVyborgVyborg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Bay of Vyborg, to the northwest of St. Petersburg and south from Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland...
1710 - Captain, later Lieutenant-Colonel, Gregori Aminoff, prisoner Perevolochna 1709Surrender at PerevolochnaThe surrender at Perevolochna was the capitulation of almost the entire Swedish army on June 30, 1709 / July 1, 1709 / July 11, 1709...
- Ensign, later Captain, Gregori Aminoff
- Lieutenant, later General-in-ChiefGeneral-in-ChiefGeneral-in-Chief has been a military rank or title in various armed forces around the world.- France :In France, General-in-Chief was first an informal title for the lieutenant-general commanding over others lieutenant-generals, or even for some marshals in charge of an army...
in Finland, Henrik Johan Aminoff (1680-1758), prisoner while carrying message from LesnayaBattle of LesnayaThe Battle of Lesnaya , was one of the major battles of the Great Northern War. It took place on September 28, 1708 / September 29, 1708 / October 9, 1708 between a Russian army of 18,000 men commanded by the Princes Repnin and Menshikov, and a Swedish force of about 13,000 men, under the...
to the king 1708 - Colonel Joachim Aminoff
- Captain, later Major, Johan Aminoff, prisoner DünamündeDaugavgrivaDaugavgrīva is a neighbourhood in North West Riga, Latvia on the left bank of Daugava river. In this neighbourhood there is located Swedish built strong fortress on the Daugava River's left bank, commanding it's mouth.-Fortress:...
1710 - Drabant Peter Aminoff
- Captain, later Lieutenant-Colonel, Stephan Gustaf Aminoff, prisoner Narva 1704Battle of Narva (1704)The Battle of Narva was the second Russian siege of Swedish Narva during the Great Northern War, resulting in the capture of the town by Russia on 9 August 1704 and the subsequent massacre of all Swedish inhabitants....
. Died a Russian prisoner 1742 after again having being made POW 1741 at VillmanstrandLappeenrantaLappeenranta is a city and municipality that resides on the shore of the lake Saimaa in South-Eastern Finland, about from the Russian border. It belongs to the region of South Karelia. With approximately inhabitants Lappeenranta is the largest city in Finland...
. - Commandant of ViborgVyborgVyborg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Bay of Vyborg, to the northwest of St. Petersburg and south from Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland...
, Colonel Zacharias Aminoff, † 1710 ViborgVyborgVyborg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Bay of Vyborg, to the northwest of St. Petersburg and south from Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland...
. - Captain, later Major, Gregori Apolloff,
- Ensign Herman Reinhold Apolloff, † 1710 in the plague.
- Commandant of Nyenskans, Colonel Johan Apolloff, prisoner in Narva 1704Battle of Narva (1704)The Battle of Narva was the second Russian siege of Swedish Narva during the Great Northern War, resulting in the capture of the town by Russia on 9 August 1704 and the subsequent massacre of all Swedish inhabitants....
, † 1706 in Russia - Lieutenant Magnus Johan Apolloff, † 1704 NarvaBattle of Narva (1704)The Battle of Narva was the second Russian siege of Swedish Narva during the Great Northern War, resulting in the capture of the town by Russia on 9 August 1704 and the subsequent massacre of all Swedish inhabitants....
- Ensign Reinhold Gustaf Apolloff, prisoner 1713 TönningSiege of TönningDuring the Great Northern War, the fortress of Tönning in the territory of Holstein-Gottorp, an ally of the Swedish Empire, was besieged twice: Denmark-Norway was forced to lift the first siege in 1700, but a combined force of the anti-Swedish coalition successfully besieged and took Tönning in...
- Commandant at CaporieKoporyeKoporye is a historic village in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located about 100 km to the west of St. Petersburg and 12 km south of the Koporye Bay of the Baltic Sea...
, Captain Wasili Apolloff, † 1709 ViborgVyborgVyborg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Bay of Vyborg, to the northwest of St. Petersburg and south from Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland...
[?] - Ensign Zacharias Fredrik Apolloff, prisoner 1710 ViborgVyborgVyborg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Bay of Vyborg, to the northwest of St. Petersburg and south from Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland...
- Lieutenant Carl Fredrik Baranoff
- Lieutenant Detlof Johan Baranoff
- Captain Fredrik Baranoff
- Lieutenant Georg Christoffer Baranoff
- Lieutenant, later Major, Georg Johan Baranoff, prisoner Perevolochna 1709Surrender at PerevolochnaThe surrender at Perevolochna was the capitulation of almost the entire Swedish army on June 30, 1709 / July 1, 1709 / July 11, 1709...
- Lieutenant Gotthard Fredrik Baranoff, prisoner 1708 LesnayaBattle of LesnayaThe Battle of Lesnaya , was one of the major battles of the Great Northern War. It took place on September 28, 1708 / September 29, 1708 / October 9, 1708 between a Russian army of 18,000 men commanded by the Princes Repnin and Menshikov, and a Swedish force of about 13,000 men, under the...
, returned (escaped?) 1709, † 1718 during the campaign in Norway - Captain Johan Baranoff
- Lieutenant Magnus Reinhold Baranoff, prisoner Narva 1704Battle of Narva (1704)The Battle of Narva was the second Russian siege of Swedish Narva during the Great Northern War, resulting in the capture of the town by Russia on 9 August 1704 and the subsequent massacre of all Swedish inhabitants....
, † 1715 in Russia. - Lieutenant Casimir Johan Clementeoff, prisoner 1702 Poritz in IngriaIngriaIngria is a historical region in the eastern Baltic, now part of Russia, comprising the southern bank of the river Neva, between the Gulf of Finland, the Narva River, Lake Peipus in the west, and Lake Ladoga and the western bank of the Volkhov river in the east...
- Captain Fredrik Clementeoff
- Captain Wollmar Fredrik Clementeoff, prisoner ViborgVyborgVyborg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Bay of Vyborg, to the northwest of St. Petersburg and south from Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland...
1710 - Ensign Lorentz Kalitin
- Captain, later Lieutenant-Colonel, Magnus Fredrik Kalitin, prisoner Narva 1704Battle of Narva (1704)The Battle of Narva was the second Russian siege of Swedish Narva during the Great Northern War, resulting in the capture of the town by Russia on 9 August 1704 and the subsequent massacre of all Swedish inhabitants....
. - Aid-de-champ, later Drabant and Major, Simon Adolf Kalitin, prisoner Perevolochna 1709Surrender at PerevolochnaThe surrender at Perevolochna was the capitulation of almost the entire Swedish army on June 30, 1709 / July 1, 1709 / July 11, 1709...
. - Ensign Casimir Kalitin, † 1700 IvangorodBattle of Narva (1700)The Battle of Narva on 19 November 1700 was an early battle in the Great Northern War. A Swedish relief army under Charles XII of Sweden defeated a Russian siege force three times its size. Before, Charles XII had forced Denmark-Norway to sign the Treaty of Travendal...
. - Lieutenant, later Captain, Daniel Kalitin,prisoner ViborgVyborgVyborg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Bay of Vyborg, to the northwest of St. Petersburg and south from Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland...
1710 - Ensign Adam Johan Nassokin, took leave 1701
- Ensign Axel Gotthard Nassokin, † 1700 NarvaBattle of Narva (1700)The Battle of Narva on 19 November 1700 was an early battle in the Great Northern War. A Swedish relief army under Charles XII of Sweden defeated a Russian siege force three times its size. Before, Charles XII had forced Denmark-Norway to sign the Treaty of Travendal...
. - Ensign Carl Fromhold Nassokin
- Captain Carl Fromhold Nassokin
- Captain Claes Johan Nassokin, † 1709 PoltavaBattle of PoltavaThe Battle of Poltava on 27 June 1709 was the decisive victory of Peter I of Russia over the Swedish forces under Field Marshal Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld in one of the battles of the Great Northern War. It is widely believed to have been the beginning of Sweden's decline as a Great Power; the...
- Captain at the Admiralty Georg Henrik Nassokin
- Lieutenant Gotthard Nassokin, d. 1712
- Captain, later Major, Magnus Henrik Nassokin, prisoner Perevolochna 1709Surrender at PerevolochnaThe surrender at Perevolochna was the capitulation of almost the entire Swedish army on June 30, 1709 / July 1, 1709 / July 11, 1709...
- Captain Magnus Johan Nassokin, took leave for old age 1703
- Ensign Nils Nassokin, † 1702 HummelshofBattle of HummelshofBattle of Hummelshof took place on July 19, 1702 near the small town Hummelshof in Swedish Livonia . It was the second significant Russian victory in the Great Northern War.- Prelude :...
- Lieutenant Peter Nassokin, prisoner Perevolochna 1709Surrender at PerevolochnaThe surrender at Perevolochna was the capitulation of almost the entire Swedish army on June 30, 1709 / July 1, 1709 / July 11, 1709...
- Lieutenant, later Captain, Peter Johan Nassokin, prisoner Jakobstadt 1704
- Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath, † 1709 ViborgVyborgVyborg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Bay of Vyborg, to the northwest of St. Petersburg and south from Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland...
- Captain, later Major, Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath, prisoner Narva 1704Battle of Narva (1704)The Battle of Narva was the second Russian siege of Swedish Narva during the Great Northern War, resulting in the capture of the town by Russia on 9 August 1704 and the subsequent massacre of all Swedish inhabitants....
, escaped 1712; made a knight of the Order of the SwordOrder of the SwordThe Order of the Sword is a Swedish order of chivalry created by King Frederick I of Sweden on February 23, 1748, together with the Order of the Seraphim and the Order of the Polar Star.Awarded to officers, and originally intended as an award for bravery and particularly long or useful service, it...
for bravery in the battle of VillmanstrandLappeenrantaLappeenranta is a city and municipality that resides on the shore of the lake Saimaa in South-Eastern Finland, about from the Russian border. It belongs to the region of South Karelia. With approximately inhabitants Lappeenranta is the largest city in Finland...
1741 - Colonel, later Major-General, Carl Pereswetoff-Morath, prisoner Narva 1704Battle of Narva (1704)The Battle of Narva was the second Russian siege of Swedish Narva during the Great Northern War, resulting in the capture of the town by Russia on 9 August 1704 and the subsequent massacre of all Swedish inhabitants....
- Lieutenant, later Lieutenant-Colonel Carl Gustaf Pereswetoff-Morath; made a knight of the Order of the SwordOrder of the SwordThe Order of the Sword is a Swedish order of chivalry created by King Frederick I of Sweden on February 23, 1748, together with the Order of the Seraphim and the Order of the Polar Star.Awarded to officers, and originally intended as an award for bravery and particularly long or useful service, it...
for bravery in the battle of VillmanstrandLappeenrantaLappeenranta is a city and municipality that resides on the shore of the lake Saimaa in South-Eastern Finland, about from the Russian border. It belongs to the region of South Karelia. With approximately inhabitants Lappeenranta is the largest city in Finland...
1741 - Major Gustaf Pereswetoff-Morath, † 1704 NarvaBattle of Narva (1704)The Battle of Narva was the second Russian siege of Swedish Narva during the Great Northern War, resulting in the capture of the town by Russia on 9 August 1704 and the subsequent massacre of all Swedish inhabitants....
- [The Lieutenant Jurgen ‘Morath’/‘Morast’ fatally wounded at Narva 1700Battle of Narva (1700)The Battle of Narva on 19 November 1700 was an early battle in the Great Northern War. A Swedish relief army under Charles XII of Sweden defeated a Russian siege force three times its size. Before, Charles XII had forced Denmark-Norway to sign the Treaty of Travendal...
appears not to have been a Pereswetoff-Morath despite frequent claims to the contrary.] - Captain, later Major, Alexander Rubzoff, prisoner Poltava 1709Battle of PoltavaThe Battle of Poltava on 27 June 1709 was the decisive victory of Peter I of Russia over the Swedish forces under Field Marshal Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld in one of the battles of the Great Northern War. It is widely believed to have been the beginning of Sweden's decline as a Great Power; the...
- Lieutenant, later Captain, Carl Gustaf Rubzoff, prisoner Narva 1704Battle of Narva (1704)The Battle of Narva was the second Russian siege of Swedish Narva during the Great Northern War, resulting in the capture of the town by Russia on 9 August 1704 and the subsequent massacre of all Swedish inhabitants....
In several cases on the Baltic front, more than one bayor descendant might be found in the same detachment. Thus in the cavalry regiment of Colonel Carl Pereswetoff-Morath in Ingria we find the Captain Stephan Aminoff, the Lieutenant Carl Gustaf Rubzoff, and a Corporal Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath along with Major von Rohr, an Ingrian nobleman of German parentage. Apart from those enumerated, a great many sisters, wives and children were either killed, taken prisoner, enslaved, or managed to escape the Baltic provinces.
Among families which, for one reason or other, are not as regularly counted among the bayors
Russian bayors
Bayors, , a Swedish transmogrification of ‘boyar’, designating in the early modern era all Russian noblemen in general, and particularly a group of Russian noble families who had entered Swedish service in the late sixteenth–early seventeenth centuries and were incorporated into the Swedish...
we find the Homutoffs (Хомутовъ), the Carpofskis (Карповскiй), and the Luhmenoffs (Лугмѣновъ). The first two would doubtless have been among the most central ones had they not been extinguished on the male line before immatriculation. Several individual noblemen who had no issue or who were soon repatriated to Russia could be similarly referred to as ‘bayors’
Russian bayors
Bayors, , a Swedish transmogrification of ‘boyar’, designating in the early modern era all Russian noblemen in general, and particularly a group of Russian noble families who had entered Swedish service in the late sixteenth–early seventeenth centuries and were incorporated into the Swedish...
in the seventeenth century.
At the present time, there seem to be living representatives only of the Aminoffs and the Pereswetoff-Moraths (and possibly, although apparently no longer in Scandinavia, the Kalitins).