Richard Lehman (surgeon)
Encyclopedia
Richard Lehman, M.D., is a distinguished orthopedic surgeon in St. Louis, Missouri
Missouri
Missouri is a US state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. With a 2010 population of 5,988,927, Missouri is the 18th most populous state in the nation and the fifth most populous in the Midwest. It...

, who pioneered the procedure for articular cartilage reconstruction using two-phased cartilage grafts.

He is currently appointed to the St. Joseph Hospital of Kirkwood, an appointment he's held since 1986, and Des Peres Hospital, an appointment he's held since 1992. Since 2001, Lehman has also been associated with the Health South Surgery Center and Creve Coeur Surgery Center.

He's also been a central figure in sports injury treatment, presenting at over 30 conferences, as well as participating in multiple sports injury research projects.

Throughout his career, Dr. Lehman has written over twenty-seven articles in science journals like Arthroscopy
Arthroscopy
Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage of the interior of a joint is performed using an arthroscope, a type of endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision...

. During the 1980s he authored and co-authored clinics in sports medicine
Sports medicine
Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness, treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise...

 and guidelines on how to sports teams can avoid injuries.

Dr. Richard Lehman grew up in Miami, Fl. He's married to plastic surgeon Michele Koo. Together they have three children. He owns the U.S. Center for Sports Medicine in Kirkwood, MO.

Education

Dr. Lehman received a B.A. in Psychology
Psychology
Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to understand individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases. For many, the ultimate goal of psychology is to benefit society...

 from the University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities is a public research university located in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, United States. It is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system and has the fourth-largest main campus student body in the United States, with 52,557...

, with a Minor in Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....

. He graduated from the University of Miami School of Medicine in 1980 with his M.D. degree. Dr. Lehman completed his internship and Orthopedic Surgery Residency at the Barnes Hospital
Barnes Hospital
Barnes Hospital, also known as Barnes Convalescent Home, in Cheadle, Greater Manchester, England, is a former hospital. It is located near to the A34 road and is in the middle of the complex interchange between the A34, M60 motorway and M56 motorway. Whilst the hospital was constructed in a rural...

 / Washington University and a Sports Medicine Fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...

.

During his medical education, Lehman received eight educational honors, most notably when the Lake Tahoe Orthopedic Institute selected Lehman for a fellowship in 1983 and when he won the Eastern Orthopedic Cervical Spine Institute Award in 1986.

According to HealthGrades
HealthGrades
HealthGrades Inc. is a U.S. company that develops and markets quality and safety ratings of health care providers, including hospitals, nursing homes, physicians and dentists. Quality ratings are devised from publicly available patient safety data and analyzed with proprietary technology developed...

, a consumer-driven website devoted to grading American physicians, Dr. Lehman served residencies at Barnes Jewish Hospital, University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...

 Health System and Washington University Affiliated Hospitals.

Professional Achievements

In conjunction with Biomet
Biomet
Biomet, Inc. is one of the world leading medical device manufacturer located in the Warsaw, Indiana business cluster. The company specializes in reconstructive products for hips, knees and shoulders, fixation devices, orthopedic support devices, dental implants, spinal implants and operating room...

, Dr. Lehman revolutionized cartilage regeneration techniques to further growth and reconstruction of articular cartilage. He's also written and lectured extensively on the subject.

Dr. Lehman has written three books on tennis injuries and published extensively in orthopedic literature and sports medicine journals.

In Racquet Sports: Injury Treatment and Prevention, Dr. Lehman created guidelines to help decrease the rehabilitation protocol and decrease the reinjury rate in tennis
Tennis
Tennis is a sport usually played between two players or between two teams of two players each . Each player uses a racket that is strung to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over a net into the opponent's court. Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society at all...

 players. For the rehabilitation of the athlete with an injured shoulder, wrist or hand he recommended the appropriate size of a racquet, string tension, string type, grip size and tennis ball type. He included a graduated rehabilitation plan that cascaded from structured practice to structured matches.

Part of Dr. Lehman's motivation to provide such guidelines was due to the fact that open shoulder surgery at the time offered an unacceptably low rate of successful return to preinjury levels. Thus, he championed a uniformly successful regimen and a prophylactic program to decrease the number of injured athletes.

In 2005, Dr. Lehman recommended a new fixation technique for lateral elbow reconstruction. This technique is described In Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery. The diagnosis of posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow is difficult, but is more common than elbow dislocations. Pinpointing this diagnosis, Lehman says, is subtle, depending on patient complaints of a significant pop in the elbow.

Treatment of this problem starts with physical therapy
Physical therapy
Physical therapy , often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment/intervention,and rehabilitation...

, diminishment of activity and aggressive strengthing. When the recurrent instability occurs and symptoms are not resolved, treatment is surgical. Dr. Lehman's technique uses interference fit screws instead of bone tunnels. The technique utilizes a standard free graft
Medical grafting
Grafting refers to a surgical procedure to move tissue from one site to another on the body, or from another person, without bringing its own blood supply with it. Instead, a new blood supply grows in after it is placed. A similar technique where tissue is transferred with the blood supply intact...

 and the isometric points on the lateral epicondylar ride and ulna
Ulna
The ulna is one of the two long bones in the forearm, the other being the radius. It is prismatic in form and runs parallel to the radius, which is shorter and smaller. In anatomical position The ulna is one of the two long bones in the forearm, the other being the radius. It is prismatic in form...

 are identified, all improvements to the original procedure. Furthermore, fixation is completed after the isometricity of the insertion site is ensured and the graft is appropriately tensioned. This procedure is an upgrade because there is much less trauma to the elbow, the fixation is stronger and scarring is minimized with this technique.

In 2003, Dr. Lehman recommended an all-arthroscopic procedure for partial rotator cuff
Rotator cuff
In anatomy, the rotator cuff is the group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. The four muscles of the rotator cuff, along with the teres major muscle, the coracobrachialis muscle and the deltoid, make up the seven scapulohumeral muscles of the human body.-Function:The...

 tears, an area of arthroscopic surgery, including partial rotator cuff tear treatment and natural history, that was in a constant state of change. His recommendation centered around the idea that tears in the rotator cuff should be treated surgically when the cuff was torn more than 50% of the thickness or when substantial thinning of the rotator cuff is identified. Surgically treating partial rotator cuff tears, Lehman contended, would help protect and limit further breakdown, but, more importantly, addresses the need for increased blood supply in the rotator cuff and diminishes the chance for full rotator cuff tear.

However, even with the introduction of new arthroscopic techniques like Dr. Lehman's, there is still no standard treatment protocol for partial-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Also in 2003, Dr. Lehman recommended a procedure to treat articular cartilage full-thickness lesions. This procedure was a modification of the medical procedures microfracture and autologous autograft transplantation, two surgeries with shortcomings in terms of difficulty, expense, surgical morbidity and availability of grafting material.

In September 2010 at the International Cartilage Repair Society meeting in Barcelona, Spain, Dr. Lehman and Dr. Phillip A. Davidson presented a paper on the effectiveness and safety of a device known as the OsseoFit Porous Tissue Matrix, believed to be the first report on the use of this device in a bone
Bone
Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue...

 and cartilage
Cartilage
Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, including the joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes and the intervertebral discs...

 application.

Dr. Lehman isn't limited to surgical work with humans. In 2010 he was part of team of doctors exploring a new, two-phased tissue graft designed to repair bone and cartilage damage to horses. After four and twelve month check ups, the study suggests that this procedure improves defect fill
earlier, as compared to microfracture, and is able to maintain repair out to 12-months post-operative.

Sports Medicine Career

Dr. Lehman is licensed in Missouri
Missouri
Missouri is a US state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. With a 2010 population of 5,988,927, Missouri is the 18th most populous state in the nation and the fifth most populous in the Midwest. It...

 and California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

 and actively treats track and field
Track and field
Track and field is a sport comprising various competitive athletic contests based around the activities of running, jumping and throwing. The name of the sport derives from the venue for the competitions: a stadium which features an oval running track surrounding a grassy area...

 athletes worldwide and professional sports athletes from North America. He focuses on rehabilitation of knee, shoulder and elbow injuries. According to the St. Louis Business Journal, Lehman has "worked with pro football, hockey and baseball players as well as numerous Olympic athletes, starting with Jackie Joyner-Kersee."

In Missouri, he's been appointed to Des Peres Hospital, St. Joseph Hospital of Kirkwood and Webster Surgical Center.

Dr. Lehman is currently on the Board of Directors of the Jackie Joyner-Kersee
Jackie Joyner-Kersee
Jacqueline "Jackie" Joyner-Kersee is a retired American athlete, ranked among the all-time greatest athletes in the women's heptathlon as well as in the women's long jump. She won three gold, one silver, and two bronze Olympic medals, in those four different events...

 Youth Foundation, the medical director of Webster Surgery Center and the medical director of the U.S. Center for Sports Medicine. He is on the Board of Governors for the National Hockey League
National Hockey League
The National Hockey League is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league of 30 franchised member clubs, of which 7 are currently located in Canada and 23 in the United States...

 and is on the St. Louis Sports Commission. His practice encompasses taking care of professional athletes at all levels and all sports, as well as Division college athletes.

Outside of the operating room, Lehman gives interviews to FOX2now St. Louis to explain topics like the "Cinderella Procedure" and the ankle break by Blues forward TJ Oshie. In addition, the St. Louis Business Journal also asks Lehman for his comments on surgical and medical cases, like when former President Bill Clinton
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation...

 had surgery to repair a ripped tendon in his knee or when Walgreens
Walgreens
Walgreen Co. , doing business as Walgreens , is the largest drugstore chain in the United States of America. As of August 31st, the company operates 8,210 locations across all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Founded in Chicago, Illinois in 1901, and has since expanded...

 pulled creatine
Creatine
Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to all cells in the body, primarily muscle. This is achieved by increasing the formation of Adenosine triphosphate...

 from shelves.

He's been the team physician for the Florida Panthers, Tampa Bay Lightning and St. Louis Blues. He has been a consulting physician for UCLA Track & Field and has covered four Olympic Games
Olympic Games
The Olympic Games is a major international event featuring summer and winter sports, in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the world’s foremost sports competition where more than 200 nations participate...

, as well as seven Track and Field World Championships.

He is currently a part owner of the National Hockey League
National Hockey League
The National Hockey League is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league of 30 franchised member clubs, of which 7 are currently located in Canada and 23 in the United States...

 Florida Panthers.

During the 1994-95 and 1995-96 baseball seasons, Lehman was the team doctor for the St. Louis Cardinals
St. Louis Cardinals
The St. Louis Cardinals are a professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. They are members of the Central Division in the National League of Major League Baseball. The Cardinals have won eleven World Series championships, the most of any National League team, and second overall only to...

. Lehman came to the St. Louis Blues with former head coach and general manager Mike Keenan. Keenan was fired mid-season last year, and Lehman was dismissed as the team doctor at the end of the season, although he still treats a number of Blues players.

In late October 1997, when the Cardinals team doctor Dr. Stan Landon was removed from his position, Dr. Lehman lobbied for the position. His competition for the contract for that position, the department of orthopedic surgery at the Washington University School of Medicine, appeared to have a lock on the contract.

In early 1998, Lehman and his business partners, backed by the resources of a competing local hospital chain, made an official offer of $1.2 million a year for the contract to make the U.S. Center for Sports Medicine the Cardinals official medical provider. They were outbid by BJC Health Care, the largest hospital chain in St. Louis.

Academic Assignments

In 1989, Dr. Lehman served on the Orthopedic Peer Review Committee of the Prudential
Prudential Financial
The Prudential Insurance Company of America , also known as Prudential Financial, Inc., is a Fortune Global 500 and Fortune 500 company whose subsidiaries provide insurance, investment management, and other financial products and services to both retail and institutional customers throughout the...

 Insurance Company of America.

While at Washington University School of Medicine, Dr. Lehman served as research assistant professor for the Physical Therapy and Irene Walter Johnson Institute of Rehabilitation. He kept this post from 1986 to 1992.

In 1984 and 1985, Dr. Lehman acted as Chief Instructor over the Orthopedic Curriculum at Washington University School of Physical Therapy and Irene Johnson Institute of Rehabilitation.

Professional Memberships

Dr. Lehman is a member of ten medical associations:
  • American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons
    American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons
    The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons is an orthopaedic organization.-Characteristics:Founded at Northwestern University in 1933, the AAOS has grown to include over 36,000 members. The group provides education and practice management services for orthopaedic surgeons and allied health...

  • American Board of Orthopedic Surgery
  • American College of Sports Medicine
    American College of Sports Medicine
    The American College of Sports Medicine is the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world. More than 40,000 international, national and regional members and certified professionals are dedicated to advancing and integrating scientific research to provide educational and...

  • American Medical Association
    American Medical Association
    The American Medical Association , founded in 1847 and incorporated in 1897, is the largest association of medical doctors and medical students in the United States.-Scope and operations:...

  • Missouri State Medical Association
  • St. Louis Arthroscopy Association
  • St. Louis Metropolitan Medical Society for Tennis Medicine & Science
  • Southern Medical Association
  • Suffolk Academy of Medicine
  • University of Pennsylvania Orthopedic Alumni

Business Investments

After he bought into the Florida Panthers, Lehman's first investment opportunity involved a generic pharmaceutical company called Abrika, a start-up with Alan Cohen
Alan Cohen
Alan Phillip Cohen is an American businessman, best known for his ownership of the Florida Panthers hockey team and his founding of several Pharmaceutical companies. Cohen holds several degrees from the University of Florida...

 (also a Florida Panther's owner). Cohen had previously started and sold another pharmaceutical company called Andrx.

Lehman then joined Jordan Zimmerman of Zimmerman Advertising to buy and sell shopping centers in Boca Raton and Palm Beach, Florida
Florida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...

. He then turned to investment opportunities closer to home.

Around 2002, Lehman and his partners invested in Green Maurer Golf LLC, a company that planned and designed a putter with a unique alignment system. GMG held seven patents on the club. The company folded in 2006.

In 2009, Lehman bought a stake in a St. Louis auto dealership, launched a homebuilding business and invested in a local bank, his first as a principal at a St. Louis bank, though he has an investment in a bank in San Diego. His principal partner was Don Davis, a former CEO for Centrue Bank in St. Louis.
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