Rawadid

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Rawadid

Rawadid (also Rawwadid or Ravvadid), (955

955

Events...
-1071), was a Kurdish

Kurdish people

The Kurds are an Iranian peoples ethnolinguistic group mostly inhabiting a region that includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey and which is known as Kurdistan....
principality ruling Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan (Iran)

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan , also Iranian Azerbaijan, Iranian Azarbaijan, Persian Azerbaijan, , is a region in northwestern Iran....
from the 10th to the early 11th centuries, centered around Tabriz

Tabriz

Tabriz is the largest city in northwestern Iran. It is situated north of the volcanic cone of Sahand, south of the Eynali mountain. It is the capital of East Azarbaijan Province....
and Maragheh

Maragheh

Maragheh is a city in Northern Iran on the bank of the river Safi Chay. It is located in East Azarbaijan Province at , 130 km from Tabriz and has a population of 300,000....
(Maragha). It was founded by a Kurdish chief named Muhammad ibn Husain in the mid tenth century. The Rawadids may have been originally from Arab

Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
ancestry (Azd

Azd

The Azd or Al Azd, are an Arabian tribe. They were a branch of the Kahlan tribe, which was one of the two branches of Qahtanite the other being Himyar....
tribe), and arrived in the region in 758

758

Events...
CE, but they had become Kurdicized by the early 10th century and began to use Kurdish forms like Mamlan for Muhammad and Ahmadil for Ahmad as their names .

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Rawadid (also Rawwadid or Ravvadid), (955

955

Events...
-1071), was a Kurdish

Kurdish people

Azerbaijan (Iran)

Tabriz

Tabriz is the largest city in northwestern Iran. It is situated north of the volcanic cone of Sahand, south of the Eynali mountain. It is the capital of East Azarbaijan Province....
and Maragheh

Maragheh

Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
ancestry (Azd

Azd

758

Events...
CE, but they had become Kurdicized by the early 10th century and began to use Kurdish forms like Mamlan for Muhammad and Ahmadil for Ahmad as their names . Another theory holds that they were connected to the earlier Iranic Orontes mentioned in the same region by Pliny.

According to Kasravi, Rawwadids conquered the lands of the Musafirid ruler Ibrahim bin Marzuban, in Azarbaijan in 979

979

Events...
.

Wahsudan bin Mamlan is the best known Rawwadid ruler, and he is mentioned by Ibn Athir

Ibn Athir

Ibn Athir is the family name of three brothers, all famous in Arabian literature, born at Jazirat ibn Umar in Cizre nowadays in south-eastern Turkey....
. The regions of Tabriz

Tabriz

Tabriz is the largest city in northwestern Iran. It is situated north of the volcanic cone of Sahand, south of the Eynali mountain. It is the capital of East Azarbaijan Province....
, Maragheh

Maragheh

Maragheh is a city in Northern Iran on the bank of the river Safi Chay. It is located in East Azarbaijan Province at , 130 km from Tabriz and has a population of 300,000....
and the strongholds of Sahand

Sahand

Sahand is a massive, heavily eroded stratovolcano in northwestern Iran. At , it is the highest mountain in the Iranian province of East Azarbaijan....
mountain were in his possession. In 1029, he helped the Hadhbani Kurds of Maragheh

Maragheh

Maragheh is a city in Northern Iran on the bank of the river Safi Chay. It is located in East Azarbaijan Province at , 130 km from Tabriz and has a population of 300,000....
to defeat the invading Oghuz Turkish

Oghuz Turks

The Oghuz were a group of loosely linked nomadic Turkic peoples. In the ninth century the Oghuz Turks from the Aral steppes drove the Pechenegs of the Emba region and the Ural River toward the west....
tribes .

Wahsudan also sent an expedition to Ardebil under the command of his son Mamlan II. The ruler (sipahbod) of Moghan had to submit to the conqueror. Mamaln also built a fortress in Ardebil .

Toghrul conquered the principality in 1054 CE, and he defeated the Kurdish prince of Tabriz Wahsudan ibn Mamlan . In 1071, when Alp Arslan

Alp Arslan

Alp Arslan was the second sultan of the Seljuk dynasty and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponym of the dynasty. He assumed the name of Muhammad bin Da'ud Chaghri when he embraced Islam, and for his military prowess, personal valour, and fighting skills he obtained the surname Alp Arslan, which means "a valiant lion" in Turkish lang...
returned from his campaign against the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
, he deposed Mamlan. Wahsudan's successor, Ahmad bin Wahsudan, lord of Maragheh

Maragheh

Maragheh is a city in Northern Iran on the bank of the river Safi Chay. It is located in East Azarbaijan Province at , 130 km from Tabriz and has a population of 300,000....
, took part in the Muhammad Malik Shah

Malik Shah

Malik Shah may refer to:* Malik Shah I , sultan of Great Seljuk* Malik Shah II, grandson of Malik Shah I, sultan of Great Seljuk* Malik Shah III, sultan of Seljuk dynasty ...
's campaign against Syria

Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
in 1110 CE . His full title was Ahmadil bin Ibrahim bin Wahsudan al-Rawwadi al-Kurdi. Ahmadil took part in the crusades

Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious war waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents. Crusades were fought mainly against Muslims, though campaigns were also directed against Paganism Slavic peoples, Jews, Eastern Orthodox Church, Mongols, Catharism, Hussites, Waldensians, Old Prussians, and political enemi...
on behalf of muslims. Joscelin

Joscelin I, Count of Edessa

Joscelin of Courtenay or Joscelin I , Principality of Galilee and Turbessel and County of Edessa , ruled over the County of Edessa during its zenith, from 1118 to 1131....
made a peace treaty with him during the siege of Tell Bashir (in present-day southern Turkey, south-east of Gaziantep

Gaziantep

Gaziantep , previously and as still used informally; Antep), is the List of cities in Turkey of Gaziantep Province in Turkey. It is considered to be among the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world....
). He was stabbed to death by the Ismailis in 1117 in Baghdad

Baghdad

Baghdad is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous. With a municipal population estimated at 6.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq, and the second largest city in the Arab World....
. His descendants continued to rule Maragheh

Maragheh

Maragheh is a city in Northern Iran on the bank of the river Safi Chay. It is located in East Azarbaijan Province at , 130 km from Tabriz and has a population of 300,000....
and Tabriz

Tabriz

Tabriz is the largest city in northwestern Iran. It is situated north of the volcanic cone of Sahand, south of the Eynali mountain. It is the capital of East Azarbaijan Province....
as Atabakane Maragha until the Mongol invasion in 1227 .

Rawadid Rulers

Muhammad Ibn Husain (? -c. 951 ?)
Husain I (955-988)
Mamlan I (988 -1000)
Husain II (1000-1019)
Vahsudan (Wahsudan) (1019-1054)
Mamlan II (1054-1071)

External links

Minorsky, La Domination des Dailamites, presented in a Conference of the Societé des Etudes Iraniennes, Paris, 28 May, 1931. Also see Minorsky, Daylam in the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1962, pp. 189-94 .
, Encyclopaedia of Islam.
, Encyclopaedia of Islam.
(see Rawwadid)