Polyptoton is the stylistic scheme in which words derived from the same root are repeated (e.g. "strong" and "strength"). A related stylistic device is antanaclasis

Antanaclasis

In rhetoric, antanaclasis is the stylistic trope of repeating a single word, but with a different meaning each time. Antanaclasis is a common type of pun, and like other kinds of pun, it is often found in slogans.-Examples:...

, in which the same word is repeated, but each time with a different sense.
In inflected languages polyptoton is the same word being repeated but appearing each time in a different case. (e.g. "Iuppiter," "Iovis," "Iovi," "Iovem," "Iove" [in Latin being the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative forms of Iuppiter

Jupiter (mythology)

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Jupiter or Jove is the king of the gods, and the god of the sky and thunder. He is the equivalent of Zeus in the Greek pantheon....

, respectively]).

Examples

• "The Greeks are strong, and skillful to their strength, Fierce to their skill, and to their fierceness valiant;" William Shakespeare
  William Shakespeare
  William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"...
  
  , Troilus and Cressida
  Troilus and Cressida
  Troilus and Cressida is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1602. It was also described by Frederick S. Boas as one of Shakespeare's problem plays. The play ends on a very bleak note with the death of the noble Trojan Hector and destruction of the love between Troilus...
  
  I, i, 7-8
• "With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder." William Shakespeare
  William Shakespeare
  William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"...
  
   Richard II
  Richard II (play)
  King Richard the Second is a history play by William Shakespeare believed to be written in approximately 1595. It is based on the life of King Richard II of England and is the first part of a tetralogy, referred to by some scholars as the Henriad, followed by three plays concerning Richard's...
  
  II,i,37
• "Not as a call to battle, though embattled we are." John F. Kennedy
  John F. Kennedy
  John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963....
  
  , Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961.
• "Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself." Franklin Delano Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address, March 1933
• "Thou art of blood, joy not to make things bleed." Sir Philip Sidney
• "We have been...treading trodden trails for a long, long time." Dave Matthews Band
  Dave Matthews Band
  Dave Matthews Band, sometimes shortened to DMB, is a U.S. rock band formed in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1991. The founding members were singer-songwriter and guitarist Dave Matthews, bassist Stefan Lessard, drummer/backing vocalist Carter Beauford and saxophonist LeRoi Moore. Boyd Tinsley was...
  
  , "So Much to Say
  So Much to Say
  "So Much to Say" is a song by Dave Matthews Band from their album, Crash. It won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1997. It reached #19 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart as a single...
  
  ", 1996
• "Working hard or hardly working?" (author unknown)
• "Say no to no." (author unknown)
• "Only humans treat animals humanly." (author unknown)
• "Absolute power corrupts absolutely." (author unknown)
• "Who shall watch the watchmen themselves (Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?)?" Juvenal
  Juvenal
  The Satires are a collection of satirical poems by the Latin author Juvenal written in the late 1st and early 2nd centuries AD.Juvenal is credited with sixteen known poems divided among five books; all are in the Roman genre of satire, which, at its most basic in the time of the author, comprised a...
  
  
• "Diamond me no diamonds, prize me no prizes..." Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine
• "I'm a man who likes talking to a man that likes to talk." [Caspar Gutman to Sam Spade, Chapter XI (The Fat Man) in Dashiell Hammett, The Maltese Falcon (1930)]
• "'Twins close deal for a closer'" (headline in "Minneapolis Star-Tribune, July 30, 2010, about the acquisition by the Minnesota Twins of All-Star relief pitcher Matt Capps)
• "Stepping steps of floating floats that float above such shining notes they know, just where we should rest." Portugal. The Man
  Portugal. The Man
  Portugal. The Man is an American psychedelic rock band based in Portland, Oregon, but originally from Wasilla, Alaska. The group released their first two albums with Fearless Records. They also released material on their own imprint Approaching AIRballoons through indie label Equal Vision Records...
  
  , "My Mind" from Church Mouth
  Church Mouth
  Church Mouth is the second full length album from Alaskan experimental rock band Portugal. The Man. It was released on July 20, 2007 in Europe and on July 24, 2007 in the UK and the USA. As of June 22, 2007, the album had leaked to p2p networks. Regarding the leak, the band posted the following...
  
  
• "She was off like a bird, bullet, or arrow, impelled by what desire, shot by whom, at what directed, who could say? What? What?" Virginia Woolf
  Virginia Woolf
  Adeline Virginia Woolf was an English author, essayist, publisher, and writer of short stories, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century....
  
  , "To The Lighthouse
  To the Lighthouse
  To the Lighthouse is a novel by Virginia Woolf. A novel set on the Ramsays and their visits to the Isle of Skye in Scotland between 1910 and 1920, it skilfully manipulates temporal and psychological elements....
  
  " Chpt. 10.