Peerage Act 1963
Encyclopedia
The Peerage Act 1963 is the Act
of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
that permitted peeresses in their own right and all Scottish hereditary peers
to sit in the House of Lords
, and which allows newly inherited hereditary peerages
to be "disclaimed".
, then second Viscount Stansgate
. Under British law at the time, peers of the United Kingdom
(meeting certain qualifications, such as age) were automatically members of the House of Lords
and could not sit in, or vote in elections for, the other chamber, the House of Commons
. When William Wedgwood Benn
, Tony Benn's father, agreed to accept the Viscountcy, he ensured that the would-be heir, his eldest son Michael, did not plan to enter the House of Commons. However, within a few years of Benn's acceptance of the title Michael Benn was killed in action in World War II. Tony Benn, as his younger brother, became the heir to the peerage. The younger Benn was elected to the House of Commons in 1950, and did not intend to leave it for the other House, so he campaigned through the 1950s for a change in the law.
In 1960, the first Viscount died and Tony Benn inherited the title, automatically losing his seat in the House of Commons for the constituency of Bristol South East
. In the ensuing by-election, however, Benn was re-elected to the House despite being disqualified. A court ruled that he could not take his seat, instead giving it to the runner-up, the Conservative Malcolm St Clair
. In 1963, the Conservative Government agreed to introduce the Peerage Bill allowing individuals to disclaim peerages. Tony Benn was the first peer to make use of the Act. St Clair, fulfilling a promise he had made at the time of his seating, then accepted the office of Steward of the Manor of Northstead
, thereby disqualifying himself from the House (outright resignation is prohibited), and Benn was then re-elected at the ensuing by-election.
, an hereditary peer could not disclaim a peerage after having applied for a writ of summons to Parliament; now, however, hereditary peers do not have the automatic right to a writ of summons to the House. A peer who disclaims the peerage loses all titles, rights and privileges associated with the peerage; if he is a married man, so does his wife. No further hereditary peerages may be conferred upon the person, but life peerages may be. The peerage remains without a holder until the death of the peer who had made the disclaimer, when it descends to his or her heir in the usual manner.
The Act also allowed instruments of disclaimer to be delivered within twelve months of its passing, thus allowing a peer who had inherited his or her title some years before to disclaim it; this was the means by which Tony Benn was able to disclaim his title. The existence of this provision soon proved to be of importance at the highest levels of British politics, following the resignation of Harold Macmillan
as Prime Minister
in October 1963. Two hereditary peers wished to be considered to replace him, but by this time it was considered requisite
that a Prime Minister sit in the Commons. Quintin Hogg, 2nd Viscount Hailsham
and Alec Douglas-Home, 14th Earl of Home
were able to take advantage of the Act to disclaim their titles, despite having inherited their titles in 1950 and 1951 respectively. Douglas-Home was chosen as Prime Minister; both men later returned to the House of Lords as life peer
s.
Since the abolition of the general right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, and the consequent removal of the general disability of such peers to sit in or vote for the House of Commons, it is no longer necessary for hereditary peers to disclaim their peerages for this purpose. In 2001, John Sinclair, 3rd Viscount Thurso
, became the first British hereditary peer to be elected to the Commons and take his seat. Later that year, Douglas Hogg inherited the peerage his father (Quintin Hogg) had disclaimed, but did not have to disclaim it himself to continue sitting in the House of Commons. In 2004, Michael Ancram
became Marquess of Lothian
on the death of his father, and was also able to continue sitting as an MP.
The Act only applies to titles held in the Peerage of England
, the Peerage of Scotland
, the Peerage of Great Britain
, or the Peerage of the United Kingdom
. No provision was made by the Act for titles in the Peerage of Ireland
to be disclaimed, as the entitlement of new Irish representative peer
s to be elected to sit in the House of Lords
was considered to have lapsed after most of Ireland
had become independent in 1922 (and the last surviving Irish representative peer had died in 1961). Instead, the Act extended to all Irish peers both the right to vote in parliamentary elections and the right to sit in the House of Commons
.
The Act also granted suo jure
hereditary peeresses (other than those in the Peerage of Ireland) the right to sit in the House of Lords, which introduced twelve new women to the House. This was not the first time that women were members of the House of Lords; the Life Peerages Act 1958
allowed all life peers (men and women) to sit in the House. The 2nd Baroness Ravensdale had already entered the Lords in 1958 through the receipt of a life peerage. The women who took their seats in the House when the 1963 Act was passed were
Act of Parliament
An Act of Parliament is a statute enacted as primary legislation by a national or sub-national parliament. In the Republic of Ireland the term Act of the Oireachtas is used, and in the United States the term Act of Congress is used.In Commonwealth countries, the term is used both in a narrow...
of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories, located in London...
that permitted peeresses in their own right and all Scottish hereditary peers
Peerage of Scotland
The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. With that year's Act of Union, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England were combined into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was...
to sit in the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
, and which allows newly inherited hereditary peerages
Hereditary peer
Hereditary peers form part of the Peerage in the United Kingdom. There are over seven hundred peers who hold titles that may be inherited. Formerly, most of them were entitled to sit in the House of Lords, but since the House of Lords Act 1999 only ninety-two are permitted to do so...
to be "disclaimed".
Background
The Act resulted largely from the protests of one man, the Labour politician Tony BennTony Benn
Anthony Neil Wedgwood "Tony" Benn, PC is a British Labour Party politician and a former MP and Cabinet Minister.His successful campaign to renounce his hereditary peerage was instrumental in the creation of the Peerage Act 1963...
, then second Viscount Stansgate
Viscount Stansgate
Viscount Stansgate, of Stansgate in the County of Essex, is a currently disclaimed title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1942 for the Labour politician and former Secretary of State for India and Secretary of State for Air, William Wedgwood Benn. He was the second son of Sir...
. Under British law at the time, peers of the United Kingdom
Peerage of the United Kingdom
The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain...
(meeting certain qualifications, such as age) were automatically members of the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
and could not sit in, or vote in elections for, the other chamber, the House of Commons
British House of Commons
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
. When William Wedgwood Benn
William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate
Air Commodore William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate PC, DSO, DFC was a British Liberal politician who later joined the Labour Party. He was Secretary of State for India between 1929 and 1931 and Secretary of State for Air between 1945 and 1946...
, Tony Benn's father, agreed to accept the Viscountcy, he ensured that the would-be heir, his eldest son Michael, did not plan to enter the House of Commons. However, within a few years of Benn's acceptance of the title Michael Benn was killed in action in World War II. Tony Benn, as his younger brother, became the heir to the peerage. The younger Benn was elected to the House of Commons in 1950, and did not intend to leave it for the other House, so he campaigned through the 1950s for a change in the law.
In 1960, the first Viscount died and Tony Benn inherited the title, automatically losing his seat in the House of Commons for the constituency of Bristol South East
Bristol South East (UK Parliament constituency)
Bristol South East was a borough constituency in the city of Bristol. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system of election....
. In the ensuing by-election, however, Benn was re-elected to the House despite being disqualified. A court ruled that he could not take his seat, instead giving it to the runner-up, the Conservative Malcolm St Clair
Malcolm St. Clair (UK politician)
Malcolm Archibald James St. Clair was a British Conservative Party politician.He was the son of Major-General G.P. St Clair CB CBE DSO, and was educated at Eton College....
. In 1963, the Conservative Government agreed to introduce the Peerage Bill allowing individuals to disclaim peerages. Tony Benn was the first peer to make use of the Act. St Clair, fulfilling a promise he had made at the time of his seating, then accepted the office of Steward of the Manor of Northstead
Manor of Northstead
The Manor of Northstead was once a collection of fields and farms in the parish of Scalby in the North Riding of Yorkshire in England. By 1600, the manor house had fallen into disrepair and was occupied only by a shepherd. At present the Manor is part of the Barrowcliff area of the town of...
, thereby disqualifying himself from the House (outright resignation is prohibited), and Benn was then re-elected at the ensuing by-election.
Disclaiming peerages
To disclaim an hereditary peerage, the peer must deliver an instrument of disclaimer to the Lord Chancellor within twelve months of succeeding to the peerage, or, if under the age of twenty-one at the time of succession, before the peer's 22nd birthday. If, at the time of succession, the peer is a member of the House of Commons, then the instrument must be delivered within one month of succession, and until such an instrument is delivered, the peer may neither sit nor vote in the lower House. Prior to the House of Lords Act 1999House of Lords Act 1999
The House of Lords Act 1999 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that was given Royal Assent on 11 November 1999. The Act reformed the House of Lords, one of the chambers of Parliament. For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats;...
, an hereditary peer could not disclaim a peerage after having applied for a writ of summons to Parliament; now, however, hereditary peers do not have the automatic right to a writ of summons to the House. A peer who disclaims the peerage loses all titles, rights and privileges associated with the peerage; if he is a married man, so does his wife. No further hereditary peerages may be conferred upon the person, but life peerages may be. The peerage remains without a holder until the death of the peer who had made the disclaimer, when it descends to his or her heir in the usual manner.
The Act also allowed instruments of disclaimer to be delivered within twelve months of its passing, thus allowing a peer who had inherited his or her title some years before to disclaim it; this was the means by which Tony Benn was able to disclaim his title. The existence of this provision soon proved to be of importance at the highest levels of British politics, following the resignation of Harold Macmillan
Harold Macmillan
Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, OM, PC was Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 January 1957 to 18 October 1963....
as Prime Minister
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
in October 1963. Two hereditary peers wished to be considered to replace him, but by this time it was considered requisite
Constitutional convention (political custom)
A constitutional convention is an informal and uncodified procedural agreement that is followed by the institutions of a state. In some states, notably those Commonwealth of Nations states that follow the Westminster system and whose political systems derive from British constitutional law, most...
that a Prime Minister sit in the Commons. Quintin Hogg, 2nd Viscount Hailsham
Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone
For the businessman and philanthropist, see Quintin Hogg Quintin McGarel Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, KG, CH, PC, QC, FRS , formerly 2nd Viscount Hailsham , was a British politician who was known for the longevity of his career, the vigour with which he campaigned for the Conservative...
and Alec Douglas-Home, 14th Earl of Home
Alec Douglas-Home
Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home, Baron Home of the Hirsel, KT, PC , known as The Earl of Home from 1951 to 1963 and as Sir Alec Douglas-Home from 1963 to 1974, was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from October 1963 to October 1964.He is the last...
were able to take advantage of the Act to disclaim their titles, despite having inherited their titles in 1950 and 1951 respectively. Douglas-Home was chosen as Prime Minister; both men later returned to the House of Lords as life peer
Life peer
In the United Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the Peerage whose titles cannot be inherited. Nowadays life peerages, always of baronial rank, are created under the Life Peerages Act 1958 and entitle the holders to seats in the House of Lords, presuming they meet qualifications such as...
s.
Since the abolition of the general right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, and the consequent removal of the general disability of such peers to sit in or vote for the House of Commons, it is no longer necessary for hereditary peers to disclaim their peerages for this purpose. In 2001, John Sinclair, 3rd Viscount Thurso
John Sinclair, 3rd Viscount Thurso
John Archibald Sinclair, 3rd Viscount Thurso , known as John Thurso, is a Scottish businessman and Liberal Democrat politician...
, became the first British hereditary peer to be elected to the Commons and take his seat. Later that year, Douglas Hogg inherited the peerage his father (Quintin Hogg) had disclaimed, but did not have to disclaim it himself to continue sitting in the House of Commons. In 2004, Michael Ancram
Michael Ancram
Michael Andrew Foster Jude Kerr, 13th Marquess of Lothian, PC, QC , known as Michael Ancram, is a United Kingdom Conservative Party politician. He is a member of the House of Lords, former Member of Parliament, and a former member of the Shadow Cabinet...
became Marquess of Lothian
Marquess of Lothian
Marquess of Lothian is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1701 for Robert Kerr, 4th Earl of Lothian. The Marquess of Lothian holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Lothian , Earl of Lothian , Earl of Ancram , Earl of Ancram , Viscount of Briene , Lord Newbattle ,...
on the death of his father, and was also able to continue sitting as an MP.
The Act only applies to titles held in the Peerage of England
Peerage of England
The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....
, the Peerage of Scotland
Peerage of Scotland
The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. With that year's Act of Union, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England were combined into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was...
, the Peerage of Great Britain
Peerage of Great Britain
The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain after the Act of Union 1707 but before the Act of Union 1800...
, or the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Peerage of the United Kingdom
The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain...
. No provision was made by the Act for titles in the Peerage of Ireland
Peerage of Ireland
The Peerage of Ireland is the term used for those titles of nobility created by the English and later British monarchs of Ireland in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland. The creation of such titles came to an end in the 19th century. The ranks of the Irish peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl,...
to be disclaimed, as the entitlement of new Irish representative peer
Representative peer
In the United Kingdom, representative peers were those peers elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords...
s to be elected to sit in the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
was considered to have lapsed after most of Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...
had become independent in 1922 (and the last surviving Irish representative peer had died in 1961). Instead, the Act extended to all Irish peers both the right to vote in parliamentary elections and the right to sit in the House of Commons
British House of Commons
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
.
Other provisions
The Act granted Peers of Scotland the same right to sit in the House of Lords as Peers of England, Great Britain or the United Kingdom, thereby ending the election of representative peers. An amendment that would have allowed Irish peers to sit in the House as well was defeated by ninety votes to eight.The Act also granted suo jure
Suo jure
Suo jure is a Latin phrase meaning "in her [or his] own right".It is commonly encountered in the context of titles of nobility, especially in cases where a wife may hold a title in her own right rather than through her marriage....
hereditary peeresses (other than those in the Peerage of Ireland) the right to sit in the House of Lords, which introduced twelve new women to the House. This was not the first time that women were members of the House of Lords; the Life Peerages Act 1958
Life Peerages Act 1958
The Life Peerages Act 1958 established the modern standards for the creation of life peers by the monarch of the United Kingdom. Life peers are barons and are members of the House of Lords for life, but their titles and membership in the Lords are not inherited by their children. Judicial life...
allowed all life peers (men and women) to sit in the House. The 2nd Baroness Ravensdale had already entered the Lords in 1958 through the receipt of a life peerage. The women who took their seats in the House when the 1963 Act was passed were
- The Countess of ErrollDiana Hay, 23rd Countess of ErrollDiana Denyse Hay, 23rd Countess of Erroll was a British peeress suo jure.Diana was only child of Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll and his first wife, Idina Sackville...
- The Countess of SutherlandElizabeth Sutherland, 24th Countess of SutherlandElizabeth Millicent Sutherland, 24th Countess of Sutherland is a British peeress.-Early life:She was born Elizabeth Millicent Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, the only child of Major Lord Alastair Sutherland-Leveson-Gower , a son of the 4th Duke of Sutherland, and his wife, the former Elizabeth Demarest...
- The Countess of LoudounBarbara Abney-Hastings, 13th Countess of LoudounBarbara Huddleston Abney-Hastings, 13th Countess of Loudoun , was a Scottish countess.Loudoun was the oldest daughter of Reginald Mowbray Chichester Huddleston and Edith Abney-Hastings, 12th Countess of Loudoun, great-great-great-granddaughter of Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of...
- The Countess of Dysart
- The Countess of Seafield
- The Lady de RosGeorgiana Maxwell, 27th Baroness de RosGeorgiana Angela Maxwell, 27th Baroness de Ros of Helmsley succeeded her grandmother Una Ross after the title was called out of abeyance in her favour in 1958. She was the first woman of her line to be allowed to sit in the House of Lords after the Peerage Act 1963.The 27th Baroness was the...
- The Lady Zouche
- The Lady Darcy de KnaythDavina Ingrams, 18th Baroness Darcy de KnaythDavina Marcia Herbert Ingrams, 18th Baroness Darcy de Knayth, DBE was a crossbench member of the House of Lords, continuing to sit after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999 as an elected peer.-Biography:...
- The Lady Berkeley
- The Lady Berners
- The Lady Lucas of Crudwell
- The Lady Kinloss
List of disclaimed peerages
In this list peerages which are currently disclaimed are indicated in bold- Baron AltrinchamBaron AltrinchamBaron Altrincham, of Tormarton in the County of Gloucester, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 1 August 1945 for the politician Edward Grigg. His son, the second Baron, was a politician, journalist, historian and writer. Soon after the passage of the Peerage Act...
, by John Grigg, from 1963 to 2001 - Viscount HailshamViscount HailshamViscount Hailsham, of Hailsham in the County of Sussex, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1929 for the lawyer and Conservative politician Douglas Hogg, 1st Baron Hailsham, who twice served as Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom...
and Baron Hailsham, by Quintin HoggQuintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St MaryleboneFor the businessman and philanthropist, see Quintin Hogg Quintin McGarel Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, KG, CH, PC, QC, FRS , formerly 2nd Viscount Hailsham , was a British politician who was known for the longevity of his career, the vigour with which he campaigned for the Conservative...
(later Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone) from 1963 to 2001 - Earl of HomeEarl of HomeThe title Earl of Home was created in 1605 in the Peerage of Scotland for Alexander Home of that Ilk, who was already the 6th Lord Home.The Earl of Home holds the subsidiary titles of Lord Home , and Lord Dunglass , in the Peerage of Scotland; and Baron Douglas, of Douglas in the County of Lanark ...
, Lord Home, Lord Dunglass and Baron Douglas, by Alec Douglas-HomeAlec Douglas-HomeAlexander Frederick Douglas-Home, Baron Home of the Hirsel, KT, PC , known as The Earl of Home from 1951 to 1963 and as Sir Alec Douglas-Home from 1963 to 1974, was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from October 1963 to October 1964.He is the last...
(later Baron Home of the Hirsel) from 1963 to 1995 - Viscount StansgateViscount StansgateViscount Stansgate, of Stansgate in the County of Essex, is a currently disclaimed title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1942 for the Labour politician and former Secretary of State for India and Secretary of State for Air, William Wedgwood Benn. He was the second son of Sir...
, by Tony BennTony BennAnthony Neil Wedgwood "Tony" Benn, PC is a British Labour Party politician and a former MP and Cabinet Minister.His successful campaign to renounce his hereditary peerage was instrumental in the creation of the Peerage Act 1963...
since 1963 - Baron MonkswellBaron MonkswellBaron Monkswell, of Monkswell in the County of Devon, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1885 for the lawyer and Liberal politician Sir Robert Collier. His eldest son, the second Baron, served as Under-Secretary of State for War in 1895 in the Liberal administration...
, by William Collier, from 1964 to 1984 - Baron BeaverbrookBaron BeaverbrookBaron Beaverbrook, of Beaverbrook in the Province of New Brunswick in the Dominion of Canada and of Cherkley in the County of Surrey, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1917 for the prominent media owner and politician Sir Max Aitken, 1st Baronet. He had already been...
, by Max AitkenSir Max Aitken, 2nd BaronetSir John William Maxwell "Max" Aitken, 2nd Baronet, DSO, DFC , formerly 2nd Baron Beaverbrook, was a British Conservative politician and press baron, the son of Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook....
, from 1964 to 1985 - Baron SouthamptonBaron SouthamptonBaron Southampton, of Southampton in the County of Hampshire, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1780 for the soldier and politician Charles FitzRoy. He was the third son of Lord Augustus FitzRoy, second son of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, while Prime Minister...
, by Charles FitzRoy, from 1964 to 1989 - Earl of SandwichEarl of SandwichEarl of Sandwich is a 17th century title in the Peerage of England, nominally associated with Sandwich, Kent. It was created in 1660 for the prominent naval commander Admiral Sir Edward Montagu. He was made Baron Montagu, of St Neots in the County of Huntingdon, and Viscount Hinchingbrooke, at the...
, Viscount Hinchingbrooke and Baron Montagu, by Victor MontaguVictor MontaguAlexander Victor Edward Paulet Montagu, 10th Earl of Sandwich , known as Viscount Hinchingbrooke from 1916 to 1962, as the Earl of Sandwich from 1962 to 1964 and as Victor Montagu from 1964 to 1995, was a British Conservative Member of Parliament and right-wing politician.Montagu was the eldest...
, from 1964 to 1995 - Baron Fraser of AllanderBaron Fraser of AllanderBaron Fraser of Allander, of Dineiddwg in the County of Stirling, was a title in the United Kingdom. It was created in 1964 for the Scottish businessman and philanthropist Sir Hugh Fraser, 1st Baronet. He had already been created a Baronet, of Dineiddwg in the County of Stirling, in the Baronetage...
, by Hugh FraserSir Hugh Fraser, 2nd Baronet-Career:Fraser was educated at Kelvinside Academy, and was given an honorary doctorate by the University of Stirling, where one of the student residences is now named Fraser of Allander after him. In 1981 he gifted the Mugdock Castle estate to the regional council as a country park. In 1960, he...
, from 1966 to 1987 - Earl of DurhamEarl of DurhamEarl of Durham is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1833 for the prominent Whig politician and colonial official John Lambton, 1st Baron Durham. Known as "Radical Jack", he played a leading role in the passing of the Great Reform Act of 1832...
, Viscount Lambton and Baron Durham, by Antony Lambton, from 1970 to 2006 - Baron Sanderson of AyotBaron Sanderson of AyotBaron Sanderson of Ayot, of Welwyn in the County of Hertford, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1960 for the businessman and public servant, Basil Sanderson. He was the son of the shipping magnate Harold Arthur Sanderson, general manager of the White Star Line...
, by Alan SandersonAlan SandersonAlan Sanderson is a Grammy Winning recording engineer, mixing engineer and record producer. Alan Sanderson is credited with working on some of the most successful albums during the 1990s while working as an engineer at Cello and Ocean Way Studios in Hollywood, California...
, since 1971 - Baron SilkinBaron SilkinBaron Silkin, of Dulwich in the County of London, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.The barony was created in 1950 for the solicitor and Labour politician Lewis Silkin. The peerage was disclaimed by both his eldest son, the second Baron, and the latter's nephew, the third Baron...
, by Arthur Silkin, from 1972 to 2001 - Baron ReithBaron ReithBaron Reith , of Stonehaven in the County of Kincardine, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1940 for John Reith, the first Director-General of the BBC. His only son, the second Baron, disclaimed the peerage for life in 1972....
, by Christopher Reith, since 1972 - Baron ArchibaldBaron ArchibaldBaron Archibald, of Woodside in the City of Glasgow, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 12 July 1949 for George Archibald. He subsequently served as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard under Clement Attlee. His son, the second Baron, disclaimed the peerage ten days...
, by Christopher Archibald from 1975 to 1996 - Baron MerthyrBaron MerthyrBaron Merthyr, of Senghenydd in the County of Glamorgan, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1911 for the Welsh coal mining magnate Sir William Lewis, 1st Baronet. He had already been created a Baronet, of Nantgwyne in the County of Glamorgan, in 1896. The barony is...
, by Trevor Lewis, since 1977 - Earl of SelkirkEarl of SelkirkEarl of Selkirk is a title in the Peerage of Scotland.It was created on 4 August 1646 for Lord William Douglas, third son of William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas, along with the title Lord Daer and Shortcleuch...
and Lord Daer and Shortcleuch, by Lord James Douglas-HamiltonJames Douglas-Hamilton, Baron Selkirk of DouglasJames Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, Baron Selkirk of Douglas, PC, QC , briefly The 11th Earl of Selkirk and styled Lord James Douglas-Hamilton until 1997, is a Scottish Conservative politician who served as Member of Parliament for Edinburgh West then Member of the Scottish Parliament for the...
(later Baron Selkirk of Douglas), since 1994 - Viscount CamroseViscount CamroseViscount Camrose, of Hackwood Park in the County of Southampton, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 20 January 1941 for the prominent newspaper magnate William Berry, 1st Baron Camrose...
and Baron Camrose, by Michael Berry, Baron HartwellMichael Berry, Baron HartwellWilliam Michael Berry, 3rd Viscount Camrose and Baron Hartwell MBE was a newspaper proprietor and journalist.Michael Berry was the second son of the 1st Viscount Camrose. He succeeded his brother Seymour Berry, 2nd Viscount Camrose as Chairman and Editor-in-Chief of the Daily and Sunday Telegraph...
, from 1995 to 2001 - Baron SilkinBaron SilkinBaron Silkin, of Dulwich in the County of London, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.The barony was created in 1950 for the solicitor and Labour politician Lewis Silkin. The peerage was disclaimed by both his eldest son, the second Baron, and the latter's nephew, the third Baron...
, by Christopher Silkin, since 2002
See also
- Peerage Act 1963 (Wikisource)
- List of peerages inherited by women