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Paul von Rennenkampf

 
Paul Von Rennenkampf

 
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Paul von Rennenkampf (or Pavel Karlovich Rennenkampf) (April 17, 1854 in Konuvere Mansion, now in Märjamaa
Märjamaa Parish

M?rjamaa Parish is an Estonian Municipalities of Estonia located in Rapla County. It has a population of 7542 and an area of 871.62 km? ....
, Rapla County
Rapla County

Rapla County , or Raplamaa, is one of 15 Counties of Estonia of Estonia. It is situated in western part of the country and borders J?rva County to the east, P?rnu County to the south, L??ne County to the west, and Harju County to the north....
, Estonia
Estonia

Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden across the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by the Russia ....
 - 1 April 1918 in Taganrog
Taganrog

Taganrog is a port types of inhabited localities in Russia in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the north shore of Taganrog Bay , a few miles west ot the mouth of the Don River ....
) was a Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n general
General

A General officer is an Officer of high military rank. The term or equivalent is used by nearly every country in the world. General can be used as a generic term for all grades of general officer, or it can specifically refer to a single rank that is just called general....
 who served in the Imperial Russian Army for over 40 years, including during World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
.

Of Baltic German
Baltic German

The Baltic Germans were mostly ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today form the countries of Estonia and Latvia....
 extraction, he joined the Russian Army at 19 and attended the Nikolaevsky Military Academy in St. Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
 from 1879 to 1882. Enjoying a rapid ascent in the army, he was appointed to the General Staff
General Staff

A military staff is a group of officers and enlisted personnel that provides a bi-directional flow of information between a Officer and subordinate military units....
, in 1882, after graduation and reached the rank of Major-General by 1900.

Rennenkampf commanded a cavalry unit during the Boxer Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Rebellion, or more properly Boxer Uprising, was a violent anti-foreign, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,? Yihe tuan or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China....
 in 1900-01, and was responsible for the capture of Tsitsihar and Kirin
Kirin

Kirin may refer to:*Kirin, the Japanese and Korean word for the Qilin, a mythical beast in Chinese culture and also the word for giraffe in the Ming Dynasty...
.






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Paul von Rennenkampf (or Pavel Karlovich Rennenkampf) (April 17, 1854 in Konuvere Mansion, now in Märjamaa
Märjamaa Parish

M?rjamaa Parish is an Estonian Municipalities of Estonia located in Rapla County. It has a population of 7542 and an area of 871.62 km? ....
, Rapla County
Rapla County

Rapla County , or Raplamaa, is one of 15 Counties of Estonia of Estonia. It is situated in western part of the country and borders J?rva County to the east, P?rnu County to the south, L??ne County to the west, and Harju County to the north....
, Estonia
Estonia

Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden across the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by the Russia ....
 - 1 April 1918 in Taganrog
Taganrog

Taganrog is a port types of inhabited localities in Russia in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the north shore of Taganrog Bay , a few miles west ot the mouth of the Don River ....
) was a Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n general
General

A General officer is an Officer of high military rank. The term or equivalent is used by nearly every country in the world. General can be used as a generic term for all grades of general officer, or it can specifically refer to a single rank that is just called general....
 who served in the Imperial Russian Army for over 40 years, including during World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
.

Of Baltic German
Baltic German

The Baltic Germans were mostly ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today form the countries of Estonia and Latvia....
 extraction, he joined the Russian Army at 19 and attended the Nikolaevsky Military Academy in St. Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
 from 1879 to 1882. Enjoying a rapid ascent in the army, he was appointed to the General Staff
General Staff

A military staff is a group of officers and enlisted personnel that provides a bi-directional flow of information between a Officer and subordinate military units....
, in 1882, after graduation and reached the rank of Major-General by 1900.

Rennenkampf commanded a cavalry unit during the Boxer Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Rebellion, or more properly Boxer Uprising, was a violent anti-foreign, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,? Yihe tuan or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China....
 in 1900-01, and was responsible for the capture of Tsitsihar and Kirin
Kirin

Kirin may refer to:*Kirin, the Japanese and Korean word for the Qilin, a mythical beast in Chinese culture and also the word for giraffe in the Ming Dynasty...
. He also participated in the Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War or the Manchurian Campaign in some English sources, was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialism ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea....
 of 1904-05, but was criticised for his campaign in north-eastern Korea
Korea

Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries, a civilization, and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia....
. After the Battle of Mukden
Battle of Mukden

The Battle of Mukden , the last major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, was fought from 20 February to 10 March 1905 between Japan and Russia near Mukden in Manchuria....
 in 1905, General Alexander Samsonov
Alexander Samsonov

Aleksandr Vassilievich Samsonov served as a Military history of Imperial Russia commander during World War I.Samsonov joined the Russian Army at age 18 and fought in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78....
 accused Rennenkampf of failing to assist him during the fighting and the two came to blows.

After the Russo-Japanese War, Rennenkampf restored part of his reputation dealing with revolutionaries in Siberia
Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
. His harsh suppression of Chita Republic
Chita Republic

The Chita Republic was a short-term workers and peasants' dictatory republic in Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai. Chita was a city in eastern Siberia, Imperial Russia and place of exile for early revolutionaries was a center for worker unrest in the early years of the 20th century....
 was a good promotion further. Afterwards he was appointed Chief-of-Staff of the Vilno Military District.

At the start of World War I, Rennenkampf was given command of the Russian First Army for the invasion of East Prussia
East Prussia

East Prussia refers to the main part of the Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Sea from the 13th century to 1945. From 1772?1829 and 1878?1945, the Province of East Prussia was a province of the Germany state of Prussia....
, advancing from the North East. His behaviour during the Battle of Tannenberg
Battle of Tannenberg (1914)

The Battle of Tannenberg was a decisive engagement between the Russian Empire and the German Empire in the first days of World War I, fought by the Russian First Army and Second Army |Second Armies and the Eighth Army between 23 August and 2 September 1914....
, particularly his failure to coordinate with Samsonov's Second Army, resulted in much criticism from sector commander Yakov Zhilinskiy
Yakov Zhilinskiy

Yakov Zhilinski served as Chief of Staff of the Russian army prior to World War I and thereafter as a field commander until he was relieved of command in 1914....
 and attempts by some members of the military high command to have him removed from command.

After relative success at the Battle of Gumbinnen
Battle of Gumbinnen

The Battle of Gumbinnen, initiated by the German Empire on August 20, 1914, was the first major German offensive on the Eastern Front during the World War I....
 in mid-August, failure at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
First Battle of the Masurian Lakes

conflict = First Battle of the Masurian Lakes|partof = the Eastern Front during World War I|image = |caption = Eastern Front to September 26, 1914....
 that same month, which forced a Russian withdrawal from East Prussia, and at the Battle of Lódz
Battle of Lódz (1914)

The Battle of L?dz took place from November 11 to December 6, 1914, near the city of L?dz in Congress Poland. It was fought between the German Empire German Ninth Army and the Russian Empire Russian First Army, Second, and Fifth Armies, in appalling winter conditions....
 in November 1914 led to Rennenkampf's dismissal amid recriminations of incompetence and even treason (due to his heritage). Rennenkampf gave his resignation on October 6, 1915, was arrested during The February Revolution of 1917 and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress
Peter and Paul Fortress

The Peter and Paul Fortress is the original citadel of Saint Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini's designs from 1706 to 1740....
 in St. Petersburg. He was set free after October Revolution and moved to the city of Taganrog
Taganrog

Taganrog is a port types of inhabited localities in Russia in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the north shore of Taganrog Bay , a few miles west ot the mouth of the Don River ....
 on Azov Sea coast, where he lived illegally under the fake name of Greek citizen Mandusakis, was discovered by the Bolshevik
Bolshevik

Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists were a faction of the Marxism Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP in 1903 and ultimately became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....
s on March 16, 1918. The Bolsheviks approached him and offered a command in the Red Army
Red Army

The Red Army was the armed force first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918 and, in 1922, became the army of the Soviet Union....
 to serve during the Russian Civil War
Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed and the Bolshevik party assumed power in Saint Petersburg....
. He refused the offer and was promptly arrested and executed on 1 April 1918.

The general's personal belongings and art objects that he collected during his travels across China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
 are now displayed in the Alferaki Palace
Alferaki Palace

Alferaki Palace is a mansion in Taganrog, Russia, originally the home of rich merchant Nikolay Alferaki. It was built in 1848 by the architect Andrei Stackenschneider in the downtown Taganrog on Frunze Street ....
 in Taganrog
Taganrog

Taganrog is a port types of inhabited localities in Russia in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the north shore of Taganrog Bay , a few miles west ot the mouth of the Don River ....
.