Papal conclave, 1740
Encyclopedia
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| Dates | 18 February to 17 August 1740 |
| Location | Vatican City Vatican City Vatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of... |
| Dean | Pietro Ottoboni, to 29 February 1740; Tommaso Ruffo Tommaso Ruffo Tommaso Ruffo was an Italian archbishop of Ferrara and Cardinal.-Life:He was born in Naples, son of Carlo Ruffo, 3rd Duke of Bagnara. He was educated at La Sapienza University, becoming a doctor of canon and civil law... |
| Elected Pope | Prospero Lambertini Pope Benedict XIV Pope Benedict XIV , born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758.-Life:... (took name of Benedict XIV) |
The Papal conclave of 18 February to 17 August 1740, convoked after the death of Pope Clement XII
Pope Clement XII
Pope Clement XII , born Lorenzo Corsini, was Pope from 12 July 1730 to 6 February 1740.Born in Florence, the son of Bartolomeo Corsini, Marquis of Casigliano and his wife Isabella Strozzi, sister of the Duke of Bagnuolo, Corsini had been an aristocratic lawyer and financial manager under preceding...
on 6 February 1740, was one of the longest conclaves
Papal conclave
A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishop of Rome, who then becomes the Pope during a period of vacancy in the papal office. The Pope is considered by Roman Catholics to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church...
since the 13th century.
The initial favourite to succeed as Pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
, the elderly Pietro Ottoboni (1667–1740), Dean of the College of Cardinals
Dean of the College of Cardinals
The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. The Dean is not necessarily the longest-serving member of the whole College...
, died shortly after the beginning of the conclave, and cardinals loyal to the House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
repeatedly proposed Pompeo Aldrovandi
Pompeo Aldrovandi
Not to be confused with the Baroque painter Pompeo AldrovandiniPompeo Aldrovandi was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.-Biography:...
, but eventually had to accept that he could not secure two-thirds of the votes.
After six months, other possible candidates had also failed, and Prospero Lambertini, Archbishop of Bologna, who had been a Cardinal
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
since 9 December 1726, was elected. He became the 247th pope of the Holy Roman Church, taking the name of Benedict XIV
Pope Benedict XIV
Pope Benedict XIV , born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758.-Life:...
.
The conclave
The conclave began on 18 February 1740, following the funeral of Clement XII, and lasted for six months.Cardinal Acquaviva d'Aragona presented the veto of King Philip V of Spain
Philip V of Spain
Philip V was King of Spain from 15 November 1700 to 15 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son Louis, and from 6 September 1724, when he assumed the throne again upon his son's death, to his death.Before his reign, Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a...
against Pier Marcelino Corradini being elected.
At the outset, only thirty-two Cardinals entered into the conclave, in which there was an expectation that the elderly Pietro Ottoboni (1667–1740), a Cardinal for more than fifty years and Dean
Dean of the College of Cardinals
The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. The Dean is not necessarily the longest-serving member of the whole College...
of the Sacred College of Cardinals, would be chosen to succeed Clement XII. However, opposition to Ottoboni was raised because of his protective relationship with France. After a few days he was taken seriously ill, left the conclave on 25 February, and died on 29 February. Ottoboni's place as Dean was taken by Tommaso Ruffo
Tommaso Ruffo
Tommaso Ruffo was an Italian archbishop of Ferrara and Cardinal.-Life:He was born in Naples, son of Carlo Ruffo, 3rd Duke of Bagnara. He was educated at La Sapienza University, becoming a doctor of canon and civil law...
, vice-dean of the Sacred College.
As more cardinals arrived in Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
and entered into the conclave, a group of the French formed an alliance with the Austrians and with the Spanish cardinals from Naples
Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples, comprising the southern part of the Italian peninsula, was the remainder of the old Kingdom of Sicily after secession of the island of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. Known to contemporaries as the Kingdom of Sicily, it is dubbed Kingdom of...
and Tuscany
Tuscany
Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.75 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence ....
. The cardinals loyal to the Bourbons
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
proposed the name of Pompeo Aldrovandi
Pompeo Aldrovandi
Not to be confused with the Baroque painter Pompeo AldrovandiniPompeo Aldrovandi was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.-Biography:...
, but he fell just short of securing the two-thirds majority required. For forty days, his nomination was voted on unsuccessfully before it became clear he could not be elected.
There was considerable and lengthy confusion, with a series of names advanced, all of whom failed to find the necessary level of support. After long deliberation, Cardinal Lambertini
Pope Benedict XIV
Pope Benedict XIV , born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758.-Life:...
, a canon law
Canon law
Canon law is the body of laws & regulations made or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church , the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the Anglican Communion of...
yer, was proposed as a compromise candidate, and he is reported to have said to the College of Cardinals "If you wish to elect a saint, choose Gotti; a statesman, Aldrovandi
Pompeo Aldrovandi
Not to be confused with the Baroque painter Pompeo AldrovandiniPompeo Aldrovandi was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.-Biography:...
; an honest man, me". This appears to have assisted his cause, which also benefited from his reputation for deep learning, gentleness, wisdom, and conciliation in policy.
The election of Benedict XIV
In the words of one historian, the College of Cardinals wasOn 17 August in the evening, Lambertini was elected Pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
, receiving the ballots of more than the required two-thirds of the fifty-one Cardinals present. Lambertini accepted his election and took the name of Benedict XIV
Pope Benedict XIV
Pope Benedict XIV , born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758.-Life:...
in honour of his friend and patron Pope Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIII
-Footnotes:...
.
This was nowhere near the longest papal election in history, a title belonging to the legendary election of 1268–1271
Papal election, 1268–1271
The papal election from November 1268 to September 1, 1271, following the death of Pope Clement IV, was the longest papal election in the history of the Catholic Church. This was due primarily to political infighting between the cardinals...
which had lasted almost three years, compared with more than two years for that of 1292–1294
Papal election, 1292–1294
The papal election from April 5, 1292 to July 5, 1294 was the last papal election which did not take the form of a papal conclave...
and almost a year for the 1287–1288 election
Papal election, 1287–1288
The papal election from April 4, 1287 to February 22, 1288 was the deadliest papal election in the history of the Roman Catholic Church, with six of the sixteen cardinal electors perishing during the deliberations. Eventually, the cardinals elected Girolamo Masci, O.Min...
, but it lasted a few days longer than the election of 1277
Papal election, 1277
The papal election from May 30, 1277 to November 25, 1277, convened in Viterbo after the death of Pope John XXI, was the smallest papal election since the expansion of suffrage to cardinal-priests and cardinal-deacons, with only seven cardinal electors...
.
Benedict was crowned
Papal Coronation
A papal coronation was the ceremony of the placing of the Papal Tiara on a newly elected pope. The first recorded papal coronation was that of Pope Celestine II in 1143. Soon after his coronation in 1963, Pope Paul VI abandoned the practice of wearing the tiara. His successors have chosen not to...
a few days later in the loggia of the Vatican Basilica. The young Horace Walpole
Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford
Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford was an English art historian, man of letters, antiquarian and Whig politician. He is now largely remembered for Strawberry Hill, the home he built in Twickenham, south-west London where he revived the Gothic style some decades before his Victorian successors,...
, who was in Rome at the time, attempted to attend the coronation but gave up because he found the waiting interminable. He wrote to his friend Conway "I am sorry to have lost the sight of the Pope's coronation, but I might have staid for seeing it till I had been old enough to be Pope myself."
List of participants
Of the sixty-eight cardinals living at the death of Pope Clement XII, four died during the sede vacanteSede vacante
Sede vacante is an expression, used in the Canon Law of the Catholic Church, that refers to the vacancy of the episcopal see of a particular church...
and fifty-one took part in the final ballot.:
- Pietro Ottoboni (1667–1740), Created a CardinalCardinal (Catholicism)A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
7 November 1689, bishop of Ostia and Velletri, DeanDean of the College of CardinalsThe Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. The Dean is not necessarily the longest-serving member of the whole College...
of the Sacred College of Cardinals; he was taken ill during the conclave, left it on 25 February, and died on 29 February 1740. - Tommaso RuffoTommaso RuffoTommaso Ruffo was an Italian archbishop of Ferrara and Cardinal.-Life:He was born in Naples, son of Carlo Ruffo, 3rd Duke of Bagnara. He was educated at La Sapienza University, becoming a doctor of canon and civil law...
(1663–1753), a Cardinal since 17 May 1706, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina; he succeeded Ottoboni as Dean of the College of Cardinals. - Annibale AlbaniAnnibale AlbaniAnnibale Albani was an Italian Cardinal.Albani was born in Urbino, to Albanian parents. A cousin of Pope Clement XI, he became Cardinal Bishop of Sabina ....
(1682–1751), a Cardinal since 23 December 1711, bishop of Sabina. - Lodovico Picco della Mirandola (1668–1743), a Cardinal since 18 May 1712, bishop of Albano.
- Pier Marcelino Corradini (1658–1743), also a Cardinal since 18 May 1712, bishop of Frascati
- Armand Gaston Maximilien de RohanArmand Gaston Maximilien de RohanArmand de Rohan was a French churchman and politician. He became bishop of Strasbourg in 1704, Cardinal in 1712 then grand almoner of France in 1713 and member of the regency council in 1722....
(1674–1749), also a Cardinal since 18 May 1712, bishop of Strasbourg - Carlo Maria Marini (1677–1747), a Cardinal since 29 May 1715
- Thomas Philippe Wallrad d'Hénin-Liétard d'Alsace-Boussu de Chimay (1679–1759), a Cardinal since 29 November 1719, archbishop of Mechlin
- Luis Antonio Belluga y MoncadaLuis Antonio Belluga y MoncadaLuis Antonio Belluga y Moncada was a prominent Spanish churchman during the 18th century.Born in Motril, Granada province, he was ordained at the age of 14...
(1662–1743), also a Cardinal since 29 November 1719 - Alessandro Albani (1692–1779), a Cardinal since 16 July 1721
- Giambattista Altieri the younger (1673–1740), a Cardinal since 11 September 1724, bishop of Palestrina. He died during the conclave, on 12 March 1740, of apoplexyApoplexyApoplexy is a medical term, which can be used to describe 'bleeding' in a stroke . Without further specification, it is rather outdated in use. Today it is used only for specific conditions, such as pituitary apoplexy and ovarian apoplexy. In common speech, it is used non-medically to mean a state...
, having suffered such an attack three years earlier. - Vincenzo Petra (1662–1747), a Cardinal since 20 November 1724
- Niccolò CosciaNiccolò CosciaNiccolò Coscia was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal.He was born at Pietradefusi, near Avellino. In 1725 he was appointed as Cardinal of Santa Maria in Domnica by Pope Benedict XIII, whose secretary he had been when the future pope was Archbishop of Benevento.Coscia held the effective government...
(1682–1755), a Cardinal since 11 June 1725 - Niccolò del Giudice (1660–1743), also a Cardinal since 11 June 1725
- Angelo Maria QuiriniAngelo Maria QuiriniAngelo Maria Quirini or Querini was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.-Biography:Born in Venice, he entered the Benedictine Order in Florence in 1695 and was ordained in 1702...
(1680–1755), a Cardinal since 9 December 1726, bishop of Brescia. - Francesco Antonio Finy (1669–1743), also a Cardinal since 9 December 1726
- Prospero Lambertini (1675–1758), also a Cardinal since 9 December 1726, archbishop of Bologna; elected Pope by the conclave.
- Niccolò Maria Lercari (1675–1757), also a Cardinal since 9 December 1726
- Sigismund von Kollonitsch (1677–1751), a Cardinal since 26 November 1727, archbishop of ViennaArchbishop of ViennaThe Archbishop of Vienna is the prelate of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna who is concurrently the metropolitan bishop of its ecclesiastical province which includes the dioceses of Eisenstadt, Linz and St. Pölten....
- Philip Ludwig von Sinzendorf (1699–1747), also a Cardinal since 26 November 1727, bishop of Györ
- Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti (1664–1742), O.P., a Cardinal since 30 April 1728
- Pierluigi CarafaPierluigi CarafaPierluigi Carafa, Junior was an Italian cardinal from the famous Neapolitan family of Italian nobles, clergy, and men of arts. He served the papacy as Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals and as Dean of same College...
the younger (1677–1755), a Cardinal since 20 September 1728 - Giuseppe AccoramboniGiuseppe AccoramboniGiuseppe Accoramboni JUD was an Italian Cardinal who served as bishop of Imola.Accoramboni was born in Castel de Preci, diocese of Spoleto and was baptised on the same day...
(1672–1747), also a Cardinal since 20 September 1728 - Camillo Cibo (1681–1743), a Cardinal since 23 March 1729
- Francesco Borghese (1697–1759), a Cardinal since 6 July 1729
- Carlo Vincenzo Ferreri O.P. (1682–1742), also a Cardinal since 6 July 1729, bishop of Alexandria.
- Neri Maria CorsiniNeri Maria CorsiniNeri Maria Corsini was an Italian nobleman and nephew of pope Clement XII, who made him a cardinal in pectore at the consistory of 14 August 1730 - his creation as cardinal was made public in December 1730. He exercised several roles in the Roman Curia, notably the Supreme Tribunal of the...
(1685–1770), a Cardinal since 14 August 1730 - Bartolomeo Massei (1663–1745), a Cardinal since 2 October 1730
- Bartolomeo RuspoliBartolomeo RuspoliCardinal Bartolomeo dei Principi Ruspoli - Biography :Born in Rome on October 25, 1697....
(1697–1741), also a Cardinal since 2 October 1730 - Vincenzo Bichi (1668–1750), a Cardinal since 24 September 1731
- Giuseppe Firrao (1670–1744), also a Cardinal since 24 September 1731, archbishop-bishop of Aversa.
- Antonio Saverio Gentili (1681–1753), also a Cardinal since 24 September 1731
- Giovanni Antonio Guadagni, O.C.D. (1674–1759), also a Cardinal since 24 September 1731, bishop of Arezzo.
- Troiano Acquaviva d'Aragona (1695–1747), a Cardinal since 1 October 1732
- Agapito Mosca (1678–1760), also a Cardinal since 1 October 1732
- Domenico Riviera (1671–1752), a Cardinal since 2 March 1733
- Marcello Passeri (1678–1741), a Cardinal since 28 September 1733
- Giovanni Battista SpinolaGiovanni Battista SpínolaGiovanni Battista Spinola was a Roman Catholic Cardinal. He was the nephew of Giambattista Spínola, Jr.early in his life he served as the governor in Benevento in 1711 and the governor in Rimini in 1717-1719. He also served in many other administrative positions in the Papal States...
(1681–1752), also a Cardinal since 28 September 1733 - Pompeio Aldrovandi (1668–1752), a Cardinal since 24 March 1734
- Pietro Maria Pieri, O.S.M. (1676–1743), also a Cardinal since 24 March 1734
- Giacomo de Lanfredini (1680–1741), also a Cardinal since 24 March 1734
- Giuseppe SpinelliGiuseppe SpinelliGiuseppe Spinelli was an Italian Cardinal. He was a prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples....
(1694–1763), a Cardinal since 17 January 1735, archbishop of Naples. - Henri-Osvald de la Tour d'Auvergne de Bouillon (1671–1747), a Cardinal since 20 December 1737, archbishop of Vienne
- Rainiero d'ElciRainiero d'ElciRainiero d'Elci , was an Italian Cardinal.He was born in Florence and was ordained in 1699. He entered papal service in the following year and held several offices both in Roman Curia and in the papal territorial administration. He was Inquisitor of Malta from 1711 until 1716.He was consecrated...
(1670–1761), also a Cardinal since 20 December 1737, archbishop of Ferrara. - Carlo RezzonicoPope Clement XIIIPope Clement XIII , born Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico, was Pope from 16 July 1758 to 2 February 1769....
the elder (1693–1769), also a Cardinal since 20 December 1737; later Pope Clement XIIIPope Clement XIIIPope Clement XIII , born Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico, was Pope from 16 July 1758 to 2 February 1769.... - Domenico PassioneiDomenico Silvio PassioneiDomenico Silvio Passionei was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.Born in Fossombrone near Urbino, Marche, he went to Rome in 1695, where he studied philosophy at the Collegio Clementino and law at the university La Sapienza...
(1682–1761), a Cardinal since 23 June 1738 - Silvio Valenti GonzagaSilvio Valenti GonzagaSilvio Valenti Gonzaga was an Italian nobleman and Catholic priest.Gonzaga was born in Mantua. He was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 1738 by Pope Clement XII. On the 15 May 1747 he was given the titular church of San Callisto...
(1690–1756), legateLegateLegate may refer to:*Legatus, a general officer of the ancient Roman army drawn from among the senatorial class*Papal legate, a messenger from the Holy See*Legate, a rank in the Cardassian military in the fictional Star Trek universe...
in Bologna, a Cardinal since 19 December 1738 - Gaetano Stampa (1667–1742), a Cardinal since 23 February 1739, archbishop of Milan
- Pierre-Guérin de Tencin (1680–1758), also a Cardinal since 23 February 1739, archbishop of Embrun.
- Marcellino Corio (1664–1742), a Cardinal since 15 July 1739
- Carlo Maria Sacripante (1689–1758), a Cardinal since 30 September 1739
- Prospero Colonna (1672–1743), also a Cardinal since 30 September 1739
List of cardinals absent
Fourteen cardinals were absent throughout the conclave:- Lorenzo Altieri (1671-1741), a Cardinal since 13 November 1690, brother of Cardinal Giambattista Altieri (1673–1740), who died during the conclave.
- Nuno da Cunha e Ataíde (1664-1750), a Cardinal since 18 May 1712; travelled to Rome for the conclave of 1721, but arrived after it had elected Pope Innocent XIIIPope Innocent XIIIPope Innocent XIII was pope from 1721 until his death.He was born Michelangelo Conti in Poli, near Rome. Like Pope Innocent III , Pope Gregory IX and Pope Alexander IV , he was a member of the family of the Conti, counts and dukes of Segni...
; did not participate in the conclaves of 1724, 1730, or 1740. - Melchior de PolignacMelchior de PolignacMelchior de Polignac was a French diplomat, Roman Catholic cardinal and neo-Latin poet.A younger son of Armand XVI, marquis de Polignac, he was born at Lavoûte-sur-Loire, Haute-Loire, Auvergne. At an early age he achieved distinction as a diplomat...
(1661–1742), a French Cardinal, diplomat, and New LatinNew LatinThe term New Latin, or Neo-Latin, is used to describe the Latin language used in original works created between c. 1500 and c. 1900. Among other uses, Latin during this period was employed in scholarly and scientific publications...
poet - Benedetto Erba-Odescalchi (1679-1740), a Cardinal since 30 January 1713, Archbishop of Milan, he resigned the government of his archdiocese in 1736 due to an apoplexy, and died on 13 December 1740.
- Giulio AlberoniGiulio AlberoniGiulio Alberoni was an Italian cardinal andstatesman in the service of Philip V of Spain.-Early years:He was born near Piacenza, probably at the village of Fiorenzuola d'Arda in the Duchy of Parma....
(1664–1752), an ItalianItalyItaly , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
Cardinal and statesmanStatesmanA statesman is usually a politician or other notable public figure who has had a long and respected career in politics or government at the national and international level. As a term of respect, it is usually left to supporters or commentators to use the term...
in the service of Philip V of SpainPhilip V of SpainPhilip V was King of Spain from 15 November 1700 to 15 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son Louis, and from 6 September 1724, when he assumed the throne again upon his son's death, to his death.Before his reign, Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a... - Léon Potier de Gesvres (1656-1744), a Cardinal since 29 November 1719 and archbishop of Bourges since 1694; he never went to Rome to receive the red hat and did not take part in any conclaves.
- Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn, bishop of Speyer and Konstanz.
- André-Hercule de Fleury (1653–1743), first counsellor of state of Louis XV of FranceLouis XV of FranceLouis XV was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death. He succeeded his great-grandfather at the age of five, his first cousin Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, served as Regent of the kingdom until Louis's majority in 1723...
- João da Mota e Silva (1685-1747), a Cardinal since 26 November 1727; he never went to Rome; from 1736 he was principal counsellor to King John V of Portugal.
- Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón (1727–1785), Infante of Spain; the youngest son of Philip V of SpainPhilip V of SpainPhilip V was King of Spain from 15 November 1700 to 15 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son Louis, and from 6 September 1724, when he assumed the throne again upon his son's death, to his death.Before his reign, Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a...
, and a Cardinal since 19 December 1735, when he was aged eight, he received the red biretta in Madrid in 1736; at the beginning of the conclave he was still only twelve and was in Spain. - Joseph Dominicus von Lamberg, bishop of Passau.
- Tomás de Almeida, patriarch of Lisbon.
- Gaspar de Molina y Oviedo, O.E.S.A.Order of Saint AugustineThe Order of St. Augustine —historically Ordo Eremitarum Sancti Augustini", O.E.S.A.), generally called Augustinians is a Catholic Religious Order, which, although more ancient, was formally created in the thirteenth century and combined of several previous Augustinian eremetical Orders into one...
, bishop of Málaga. - Jan Aleksander Lipski (1690-1746), a Cardinal since 20 December 1737, bishop of Krákow; he never went to Rome to receive the red hat.
Sources
- Salvador Miranda, List of participants of conclave, 1740 at fiu.edu
- Biography of Pope Clement XII, Papal Library
- Ludwig von PastorLudwig von PastorLudwig Pastor, later Ludwig von Pastor, Freiherr von Campersfelden , was a German historian and a diplomat for Austria. He became one of the most important Roman Catholic historians of his time and is most notable for his History of the Popes...
, History of the Popes, vol. XXXVI (London, 1941)