Order of Bravery
Encyclopedia
The Order of Bravery is a Bulgarian order
during the Kingdom of Bulgaria
and the Republic of Bulgaria
. It is the most esteemed Bulgarian order and the second highest in the Kingdom of Bulgaria and forth highest in the Republic of Bulgaria. It exists since 1880 with interruption between 1946 and 2003.
on 1 January 1880. It is the first Bulgarian order
and was modeled after the Order of Military Merit of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
which existed to 1866. The recipients of the order are called cavaliers. The order was one of the many violations of the Treaty of Berlin with which Bulgaria demonstrated full independence although the country was deprived of high state decorations - symbols of national independence.
The head of state and the heir to the throne were cavaliers by right to Military Order of Bravery I grade and Military Order of Bravery IV grade respectively. Due to his great respect to the order Tsar
Boris III
never put on the Order of Bravery I grade and the Grand cross but only the Order of Bravery III grade, 2nd class received during the First Balkan War
(1912-1913); the Order of Bravery III grade, 1st class received during the First World War (1915-1918) and the Order of Bravery IV grade, 1st class which he received by right as an heir in 1894.
The order was first awarded on 17 April 1880 when 33 participants in the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) received the order. Several days later on 24 April (6 May NS, the Day of St George) the order was awarded for the first time to a civilian person.
Between 1937 and 1940 the sign of the Order of Bravery I grade, 1st class was used as a symbol of the Bulgarian Air Force
in analogue with the Iron Cross
which was the traditional symbol of the German Air Force.
After the end of the monarchy the orders and the medals of the Kingdom of Bulgaria were fully substituted with other ones. On 15 September the Order of Bravery seized to exist.
The Grand Cross was awarded only to the ruler who was a Grand Master of the order. It consisted of a necklace, a star and a mantle.
There are five emissions.
There are four emissions.
That order was awarded to Bulgarian and foreign generals and foreign rulers.
Second, third and forth grade were given to generals and officers according to their rank.
There are two emissions.
There are three emissions.
There are five emissions.
There are seven emissions.
There are ten emissions.
Gold-plated, with crossed ribbons
Gold-plated, without crossed ribbons
Silver-plated, with crossed ribbons
Silver-plated, without crossed ribbons
Monarchs:
The order was also awarded to:
on 21 May 2004. In its contemporary form it has three grades without classes and is again with swords for military personnel and without swords for civilians.
Order
-Ordinality:*Collation, the sequencing and ordering of text**Alphabetical order**Lexicographical order*Order of precedence-Philosophy:* Natural order * Implicate and explicate order according to David Bohm-Science and mathematics:...
during the Kingdom of Bulgaria
Kingdom of Bulgaria
The Kingdom of Bulgaria was established as an independent state when the Principality of Bulgaria, an Ottoman vassal, officially proclaimed itself independent on October 5, 1908 . This move also formalised the annexation of the Ottoman province of Eastern Rumelia, which had been under the control...
and the Republic of Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
. It is the most esteemed Bulgarian order and the second highest in the Kingdom of Bulgaria and forth highest in the Republic of Bulgaria. It exists since 1880 with interruption between 1946 and 2003.
Kingdom of Bulgaria
The Order of Bravery was established with a decree of Knyaz Alexander BatenbergAlexander, Prince of Bulgaria
Alexander Joseph, Prince of Bulgaria GCB , known as Alexander of Battenberg, was the first prince of modern Bulgaria, reigning from 29 April 1879 to 7 September 1886.-Early life:...
on 1 January 1880. It is the first Bulgarian order
Orders, decorations, and medals of Bulgaria
Orders, decorations and medals of Bulgaria are regulated by the law on the Orders and Medals of the Republic Of Bulgaria of 29 May 2003.The National Military History Museum Of Bulgaria in Sofia currently has over 150 Bulgarian Orders in the collection, which it has acquired over 85 years in...
and was modeled after the Order of Military Merit of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
Grand Duchy of Hesse
The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine , or, between 1806 and 1816, Grand Duchy of Hesse —as it was also known after 1816—was a member state of the German Confederation from 1806, when the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was elevated to a Grand Duchy, until 1918, when all the German...
which existed to 1866. The recipients of the order are called cavaliers. The order was one of the many violations of the Treaty of Berlin with which Bulgaria demonstrated full independence although the country was deprived of high state decorations - symbols of national independence.
The head of state and the heir to the throne were cavaliers by right to Military Order of Bravery I grade and Military Order of Bravery IV grade respectively. Due to his great respect to the order Tsar
Tsar
Tsar is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism...
Boris III
Boris III of Bulgaria
Boris III the Unifier, Tsar of Bulgaria , originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver , son of Ferdinand I, came to the throne in 1918 upon the abdication of his father, following the defeat of the Kingdom of Bulgaria during World War I...
never put on the Order of Bravery I grade and the Grand cross but only the Order of Bravery III grade, 2nd class received during the First Balkan War
First Balkan War
The First Balkan War, which lasted from October 1912 to May 1913, pitted the Balkan League against the Ottoman Empire. The combined armies of the Balkan states overcame the numerically inferior and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies and achieved rapid success...
(1912-1913); the Order of Bravery III grade, 1st class received during the First World War (1915-1918) and the Order of Bravery IV grade, 1st class which he received by right as an heir in 1894.
The order was first awarded on 17 April 1880 when 33 participants in the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) received the order. Several days later on 24 April (6 May NS, the Day of St George) the order was awarded for the first time to a civilian person.
Between 1937 and 1940 the sign of the Order of Bravery I grade, 1st class was used as a symbol of the Bulgarian Air Force
Bulgarian Air Force
The Bulgarian Air Force is a branch of the Military of Bulgaria, the other two being the Bulgarian Navy and Bulgarian land forces. Its mission is to guard and protect the sovereignty of Bulgarian airspace, to provide aerial support and to assist the Land Forces in case of war. The Bulgarian Air...
in analogue with the Iron Cross
Iron Cross
The Iron Cross is a cross symbol typically in black with a white or silver outline that originated after 1219 when the Kingdom of Jerusalem granted the Teutonic Order the right to combine the Teutonic Black Cross placed above a silver Cross of Jerusalem....
which was the traditional symbol of the German Air Force.
After the end of the monarchy the orders and the medals of the Kingdom of Bulgaria were fully substituted with other ones. On 15 September the Order of Bravery seized to exist.
Order of Bravery
- Grand Cross of the Order of Bravery
The Grand Cross was awarded only to the ruler who was a Grand Master of the order. It consisted of a necklace, a star and a mantle.
There are five emissions.
- Order of Bravery I grade, 1st class (until 1886 it was called Order of Bravery I grade)
There are four emissions.
- Order of Bravery I grade, 2nd class (since 1886)
That order was awarded to Bulgarian and foreign generals and foreign rulers.
Second, third and forth grade were given to generals and officers according to their rank.
- Order of Bravery II grade
There are two emissions.
- Order of Bravery III grade, 1st class (until 1915 it was called Order of Bravery III grade)
There are three emissions.
- Order of Bravery III grade, 2nd class (since 1915)
There are five emissions.
- Order of Bravery IV grade, 1st class (until 1915 it was called Order of Bravery IV grade)
There are seven emissions.
- Order of Bravery IV grade, 2nd class (since 1915)
There are ten emissions.
Soldier Cross of Bravery
The Soldier Cross of Bravery was a medal enlisted to the Order of Bravery.- Soldier Cross of Bravery I grade
Gold-plated, with crossed ribbons
- Soldier Cross of Bravery II grade
Gold-plated, without crossed ribbons
- Soldier Cross of Bravery III grade
Silver-plated, with crossed ribbons
- Soldier Cross of Bravery IV grade
Silver-plated, without crossed ribbons
Cavaliers of the Order of Bravery I grade
In the Bulgarians history there are only three persons awarded with the Order of Bravery I grade:- Stefan StambolovStefan StambolovStefan Nikolov Stambolov was a Bulgarian politician, who served as Prime Minister and regent. He is considered one of the most important and popular "Founders of Modern Bulgaria", and is sometimes referred to as "the Bulgarian Bismarck".- Early years :Stambolov was born in Veliko Tarnovo...
- Bulgarian statesman, revolutionary, politician, poet and journalist. - Georgi Zhivkov - Bulgarian revolutionary and politician of the People's Liberal Party, three times chairman of the National Assembly, regent of Bulgaria after the abdication of Alexander I (1886-1887) and minister of enlightenment (1886, 1887-1893).
- Major General Sava MutkurovSava MutkurovSava Atanasov Mutkurov was a Bulgarian officer and politician. One of only three recipients of the Order of Bravery 1st grade, he was among the chief architects of the Bulgarian unification and, as an officer in the young Bulgarian Army, one of its defendants in the Serbo–Bulgarian War...
- regent of Bulgaria (1886-1887) and minister of defense in the government of Stefan Stambolov (1887-1893).
Monarchs:
- Knyaz Alexander BatenbergAlexander, Prince of BulgariaAlexander Joseph, Prince of Bulgaria GCB , known as Alexander of Battenberg, was the first prince of modern Bulgaria, reigning from 29 April 1879 to 7 September 1886.-Early life:...
- Tsar Ferdinand
- Tsar Boris IIIBoris III of BulgariaBoris III the Unifier, Tsar of Bulgaria , originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver , son of Ferdinand I, came to the throne in 1918 upon the abdication of his father, following the defeat of the Kingdom of Bulgaria during World War I...
- Emperor Alexander III of RussiaAlexander III of RussiaAlexander Alexandrovich Romanov , historically remembered as Alexander III or Alexander the Peacemaker reigned as Emperor of Russia from until his death on .-Disposition:...
- King Milan I of Serbia
- King Carol I of RomaniaCarol I of RomaniaCarol I , born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was reigning prince and then King of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected prince of Romania on 20 April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup...
The order was also awarded to:
- The Samara flagSamara flagThe Samara flag is one of the most important military symbols of the Bulgarian Army. Sewed by local nuns and given to the Bulgarian volunteers in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 by the citizens of the Russian city of Samara on 18 May 1877, it became famous when it was heroically prevented from...
- 3rd Opalchenska company
Republic of Bulgaria
The order was reestablished after interruption of 57 years with a law by the 39th National Assembly of 29 May 2003 and published in State GazetteState Gazette
The State Gazette is the gazette of record of Bulgaria. It has been published since 1879.The print edition of the gazette is divided into two sections. The "Official section" contains bills promulgated by the National Assembly, decrees by the Council of Ministers, international treaties, and other...
on 21 May 2004. In its contemporary form it has three grades without classes and is again with swords for military personnel and without swords for civilians.