New Lynn, New Zealand
Encyclopedia
New Lynn is a residential suburb, located in the former Waitakere City, one of the four main urbanised regions that have since become the city of Auckland
, in northern New Zealand
.
The population was 15,510 in the 2006 Census
, an increase of 1,446 from 2001.
New Lynn is located towards the west of the Auckland urban area, 10 kilometres to the southwest of the Auckland city centre. It is close to the boundary between Waitakere City and Auckland City
, of which the boundary is at the eastern edge of the suburb. Other suburbs surrounding New Lynn include Blockhouse Bay
, Avondale
, Titirangi
and Green Bay
.
New Lynn is located at a narrowing of the Auckland isthmus, and one of the two narrowest points joining the North Auckland Peninsula
to the rest of the North Island
(the other is at Otahuhu, to the southeast). At this point, between the Whau River
(an estuarial
arm of the Waitemata Harbour
) in the north and Blockhouse Bay in the south, the island is a mere 2800 metres wide.
At the southern end of the suburb is one of Auckland's best known golf
courses, the Titirangi Golf Course.
Although the early houses built in New Lynn were made of locally-produced brick, most older houses are of weatherboard and corrugated iron, and were originally on large sections. Many of these sections have since been subdivided with modern brick and tile houses added. High-density housing is predominantly near the railway line.
in Norfolk because of a similarity in the countryside.
A brickyard was established by Dr Pollen by Whau Creek in 1852. He brought in brickmakers from Staffordshire
in England, four of whom later established their own yards along the creek. By 1870 there were 13 brick and clay yards on the local waterways, exploiting the high-quality pleistocene clay in the area. Many of the ceramics companies failed due to the 1880s depression
, competition, and changing preferences to use wood rather than bricks for construction. By 1910, there were only two ceramics companies in New Lynn, and two more in Avondale.
The population was less than 100 in 1900, but grew rapidly over the next decade due to the expansion of the Western railway line
, which had been established in 1880, and New Lynn's development as an industrial centre. New Lynn became a Town District in 1910, and a Borough in 1939.
One of the ceramics companies grew to become the largest brick-producer in New Zealand. A merger of four companies in 1929 formed the Amalgamated Brick and Pipe Company, later called Ceramco. It produced the well-known Crown Lynn
pottery. It closed down in 1989.
In 1935, the population of New Lynn was 3,500. The Great Depression
caused high levels of unemployment. During World War II
, the area was considered strategic due to the Whau River and the railway. Machine gun posts and tank traps were built, and the bridge over the Whau was mined with explosives. Fear of possible Japanese bombing led to air raid shelters being built.
LynnMall was the first American-style shopping mall in Auckland when it opened in 1963. It became the first air-conditioned mall in New Zealand in 1987, the first to open on Sundays in 1991, and the first to be smoke-free in 1994. The mall was substantially expanded in 1999.
The New Lynn Borough became part of Waitakere City in the local body reforms of 1989.
, located next to the bus transport centre and the LynnMall shopping centre, was upgraded in 2008–2010 to cater for the increased frequency of trains expected on the Auckland regional network after its electrification
. The section of track on the Western line between Portage Road and Titirangi Road was trenched to allow trains to pass beneath the New Lynn town centre. A new twin-platform station was built below road level near the site of the existing station. The works were expected to "revitalise New Lynn", sinking the rail line which currently "splits" the town in two. As part of the redevelopment projects for the area, part of Totara Avenue, in the New Lynn town centre, is being transformed into shared space
.
New Lynn has had ready road access to the Auckland CBD
since the Northwestern Motorway and an expressway through Waterview were completed in the late 1970s. The SH20 Waterview Connection
, due for completion by 2015, will give greater road access to Auckland Airport and South Auckland
.
who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1B
.
of 5, and the other schools have a decile rating of 4. New Lynn School opened in 1888, Arahoe School opened in 1958 and Fruitvale Road School opened about 1961.
Oaklynn Special School is a coeducational school with a decile rating
of 4 and a roll of 115. It is a special school for students with intellectual impairments. The school runs ten satellite classes at nearby primary, intermediate and secondary schools.
Secondary schools serving the area include Kelston Boys High School, Kelston Girls High School and Avondale College
(co-ed). Catholic students commute by train to Marist College
(girls) and St Peter's College
(boys).
Auckland
The Auckland metropolitan area , in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country with residents, percent of the country's population. Auckland also has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world...
, in northern New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
.
The population was 15,510 in the 2006 Census
New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings
The New Zealand government department Statistics New Zealand conducts a census of population and dwellings every five years. The census scheduled for 2011 was cancelled due to circumstances surrounding the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, however, and legislation introduced to hold the next...
, an increase of 1,446 from 2001.
New Lynn is located towards the west of the Auckland urban area, 10 kilometres to the southwest of the Auckland city centre. It is close to the boundary between Waitakere City and Auckland City
Auckland City
Auckland City was the city and local authority covering the Auckland isthmus and most of the islands of the Hauraki Gulf, in the North Island of New Zealand. On 1 November 2010 it was amalgamated into the wider Auckland Region under the authority of the new Auckland Council...
, of which the boundary is at the eastern edge of the suburb. Other suburbs surrounding New Lynn include Blockhouse Bay
Blockhouse Bay, New Zealand
Blockhouse Bay is a residential suburb of Auckland City, in New Zealand's North Island. It is sited on the northern coast of the Manukau Harbour, and is also close to the administrative boundary between the cities of Auckland and Waitakere, two of the four cities of the Auckland conurbation.The...
, Avondale
Avondale, Auckland
Avondale is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, located in the Whau ward, one of the thirteen administrative divisions for the Auckland Council. It is commonly considered to be part of West Auckland. It was originally called "Te Whau", which is the common name, of Māori origin, for Entelea...
, Titirangi
Titirangi
Titirangi is a suburb in the Waitakere Ward of the city of Auckland in northern New Zealand. It is an affluent, residential suburb located 13 kilometres to the southwest of the Auckland city centre, at the southern end of the Waitakere Ranges...
and Green Bay
Green Bay, New Zealand
Green Bay is an Auckland suburb. It is under the local governance of the Waitakere City Council.The population was 3,936 in the 2006 Census, an increase of 321 from 2001....
.
New Lynn is located at a narrowing of the Auckland isthmus, and one of the two narrowest points joining the North Auckland Peninsula
North Auckland Peninsula
The North Auckland Peninsula, frequently referred to simply as the Northland Peninsula, is located in the far north of the North Island of New Zealand. The peninsula is easily confused with, though not the same as Northland Region, which occupies the top 80% of the peninsula...
to the rest of the North Island
North Island
The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island is in area, making it the world's 14th-largest island...
(the other is at Otahuhu, to the southeast). At this point, between the Whau River
Whau River
The Whau River is an estuarial arm of the southwestern Waitemata Harbour within the Auckland metropolitan area in New Zealand. It flows north for 5.7 kilometres from its origin at the confluence of the Avondale Stream and Whau Stream to its mouth between the Te Atatu peninsula and the long, thin...
(an estuarial
Estuary
An estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea....
arm of the Waitemata Harbour
Waitemata Harbour
The quite famous Waitemata Harbour is the main access by sea to Auckland, New Zealand. For this reason it is often referred to as Auckland Harbour, despite the fact that it is only one of two harbours surrounding the city, and is crossed by the Auckland Harbour Bridge. The Waitemata forms the north...
) in the north and Blockhouse Bay in the south, the island is a mere 2800 metres wide.
At the southern end of the suburb is one of Auckland's best known golf
Golf
Golf is a precision club and ball sport, in which competing players use many types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a golf course using the fewest number of strokes....
courses, the Titirangi Golf Course.
Although the early houses built in New Lynn were made of locally-produced brick, most older houses are of weatherboard and corrugated iron, and were originally on large sections. Many of these sections have since been subdivided with modern brick and tile houses added. High-density housing is predominantly near the railway line.
History
Use of the area extended to long before the Europeans, and a Māori portage existed between the Waitemata and Manukau harbours before European colonisation. Some time after European colonisation of the Auckland Isthmus began, the area of New Lynn was surveyed by Frederick Utting in 1863, who named it after King's LynnKing's Lynn
King's Lynn is a sea port and market town in the ceremonial county of Norfolk in the East of England. It is situated north of London and west of Norwich. The population of the town is 42,800....
in Norfolk because of a similarity in the countryside.
A brickyard was established by Dr Pollen by Whau Creek in 1852. He brought in brickmakers from Staffordshire
Staffordshire
Staffordshire is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes, the county is a NUTS 3 region and is one of four counties or unitary districts that comprise the "Shropshire and Staffordshire" NUTS 2 region. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders...
in England, four of whom later established their own yards along the creek. By 1870 there were 13 brick and clay yards on the local waterways, exploiting the high-quality pleistocene clay in the area. Many of the ceramics companies failed due to the 1880s depression
Long Depression
The Long Depression was a worldwide economic crisis, felt most heavily in Europe and the United States, which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War. At the time, the episode was labeled the Great...
, competition, and changing preferences to use wood rather than bricks for construction. By 1910, there were only two ceramics companies in New Lynn, and two more in Avondale.
The population was less than 100 in 1900, but grew rapidly over the next decade due to the expansion of the Western railway line
Western Line, Auckland
The Western Line in Auckland, New Zealand is the name given to suburban services that operate between Britomart and Waitakere via Newmarket.-Routing:...
, which had been established in 1880, and New Lynn's development as an industrial centre. New Lynn became a Town District in 1910, and a Borough in 1939.
One of the ceramics companies grew to become the largest brick-producer in New Zealand. A merger of four companies in 1929 formed the Amalgamated Brick and Pipe Company, later called Ceramco. It produced the well-known Crown Lynn
Crown Lynn
-Early history:The pottery's origins started with an 1854 land purchase at Hobsonville, near Auckland, by Rice Owen Clark, who had arrived in New Zealand thirteen years before. He had worked as a school teacher in Wellington and as a clerk in Auckland before achieving his ambition to work the land...
pottery. It closed down in 1989.
In 1935, the population of New Lynn was 3,500. The Great Depression
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...
caused high levels of unemployment. During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the area was considered strategic due to the Whau River and the railway. Machine gun posts and tank traps were built, and the bridge over the Whau was mined with explosives. Fear of possible Japanese bombing led to air raid shelters being built.
LynnMall was the first American-style shopping mall in Auckland when it opened in 1963. It became the first air-conditioned mall in New Zealand in 1987, the first to open on Sundays in 1991, and the first to be smoke-free in 1994. The mall was substantially expanded in 1999.
The New Lynn Borough became part of Waitakere City in the local body reforms of 1989.
Transport
New Lynn Train StationNew Lynn Train Station
New Lynn Train Station is on the Western Line of the Auckland railway network, New Zealand, and is part of an integrated transport centre where transfers can be made to and from bus services. A redeveloped station in a new rail trench was opened on 25 September 2010...
, located next to the bus transport centre and the LynnMall shopping centre, was upgraded in 2008–2010 to cater for the increased frequency of trains expected on the Auckland regional network after its electrification
Auckland Railway electrification
The Auckland railway electrification has been proposed for several decades, but physical works only began in the late 2000s. After investment into new infrastructure and improved services created massive patronage gains on Auckland's commuter rail network in the middle 2000s, the long-discussed...
. The section of track on the Western line between Portage Road and Titirangi Road was trenched to allow trains to pass beneath the New Lynn town centre. A new twin-platform station was built below road level near the site of the existing station. The works were expected to "revitalise New Lynn", sinking the rail line which currently "splits" the town in two. As part of the redevelopment projects for the area, part of Totara Avenue, in the New Lynn town centre, is being transformed into shared space
Shared space
Shared space is an urban design concept aimed at integrated use of public spaces. It encourages traffic engineers, urban planners and experts from other fields to consult with users of public space when planning and designing streets and squares in both built and non-built environments...
.
New Lynn has had ready road access to the Auckland CBD
Auckland CBD
The Auckland CBD is the geographical and economic heart of the Auckland metropolitan area. Bounded by several major motorways and by the harbour coastline in the north, it is surrounded further out by mostly suburban areas...
since the Northwestern Motorway and an expressway through Waterview were completed in the late 1970s. The SH20 Waterview Connection
SH20 Waterview Connection
The Waterview Connection is a planned motorway section which will form part of the Western Ring Route through Auckland, New Zealand. It is to connect the stub of State Highway 20 in the south from Mt Roskill to join up with another motorway, State Highway 16 in the west at Point Chevalier, and is a...
, due for completion by 2015, will give greater road access to Auckland Airport and South Auckland
South Auckland
South Auckland is an imprecisely defined area of Auckland, New Zealand, often stereotyped as a socio-economically disadvantaged, and sometimes rough, urban area with a relatively large Polynesian and Māori population. The name South Auckland is not an official place name but is in common use by New...
.
Association football
New Lynn is home to Lynn-Avon UnitedLynn-Avon United
Lynn-Avon United is an semi-professional association Football club based in New Lynn, Auckland, New Zealand. Their first team plays in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1.-History:...
who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1B
Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1
The Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1 is a New Zealand Association football semi-professional status league competition that is run by the Auckland Football Federation and includes soccer clubs located in the northern part of the North Island, New Zealand...
.
Education
Arahoe School, Fruitvale Road School and New Lynn School are coeducational contributing primary (years 1-6) schools with rolls of 578, 247 and 291, respectively. Arahoe School has a decile ratingSocio-Economic Decile
Decile, Socio-Economic Decile or Socio-Economic Decile Band is a widely used measure in education in New Zealand used to target funding and support to more needy schools....
of 5, and the other schools have a decile rating of 4. New Lynn School opened in 1888, Arahoe School opened in 1958 and Fruitvale Road School opened about 1961.
Oaklynn Special School is a coeducational school with a decile rating
Socio-Economic Decile
Decile, Socio-Economic Decile or Socio-Economic Decile Band is a widely used measure in education in New Zealand used to target funding and support to more needy schools....
of 4 and a roll of 115. It is a special school for students with intellectual impairments. The school runs ten satellite classes at nearby primary, intermediate and secondary schools.
Secondary schools serving the area include Kelston Boys High School, Kelston Girls High School and Avondale College
Avondale College
Avondale College of Higher Education is an Australian tertiary education provider affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Avondale College has two campuses, Lake Macquarie being the primary campus situated in Cooranbong, New South Wales...
(co-ed). Catholic students commute by train to Marist College
Marist College, New Zealand
Marist College is a Catholic girls high-school located in Mount Albert, Auckland, New Zealand. It teaches from year 7 through to Year 13 with a curriculum based on Roman Catholicism...
(girls) and St Peter's College
St Peter's College, Auckland
St Peter's College is a Catholic college for year 7 to 13 boys . The school, located in Auckland, is one of the largest Catholic schools in New Zealand and is an integrated school under an integration agreement entered into by the Catholic Bishop of Auckland and the Government of New Zealand in...
(boys).