Naklo nad Notecia
Encyclopedia
Nakło nad Notecią ' is a town
in northern Poland
on the river Noteć
with 23,687 inhabitants (2007). It is situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
(since 1999), and was previously in Bydgoszcz Voivodeship
(1975–1998). It is the seat of Nakło County, and also of the smaller administrative district called Gmina Nakło nad Notecią.
. It received German town law
privileges in 1299.
Nakło was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia
during the First Partition of Poland
in 1772 and known by the German name Nakel. It began to develop significantly after the completion of the Bydgoszcz Canal
, which connected the Vistula
with the Noteć
, Warta, and Oder Rivers.
After the defeat of Prussia in the Napoleonic
War of the Fourth Coalition
, Nakło became part of the Duchy of Warsaw
in 1807. After the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte
in 1815, it was restored to Prussia in the Congress of Vienna
as part of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Posen.
During the course of 19th century industrialization, Nakło developed further after being connected with the Prussian Eastern Railway (Preußische Ostbahn) in 1851. It became part of the Prussian-led German Empire
in 1871.
The town became part of the Second Polish Republic
according to the Treaty of Versailles
following World War I
. From 1939-1945 Nakło was occupied by Nazi Germany
during World War II
.
Town
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...
in northern Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
on the river Noteć
Notec
Noteć is a river in central Poland with a length of 388 km and a basin area of 17,330 km². It is a tributary of the Warta river and lies completely within Poland....
with 23,687 inhabitants (2007). It is situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
-Transportation:Transportation infrastructure is of critical importance to the voivodeship's economy. Kuyavia-Pomerania is a major node point in the Polish transportation system. Railway lines from the South and East pass through Bydgoszcz in order to reach the major ports on the Baltic Sea...
(since 1999), and was previously in Bydgoszcz Voivodeship
Bydgoszcz Voivodeship
Bydgoszcz Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Capital city: Bydgoszcz Area: Statistics : Population: inhabitants...
(1975–1998). It is the seat of Nakło County, and also of the smaller administrative district called Gmina Nakło nad Notecią.
History
Nakło began to develop as a Pomeranian settlement by the middle of the 10th century. Between 1109 and 1113 it fell to Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth of PolandPoland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. It received German town law
German town law
German town law or German municipal concerns concerns town privileges used by many cities, towns, and villages throughout Central and Eastern Europe during the Middle Ages.- Town law in Germany :...
privileges in 1299.
Nakło was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
during the First Partition of Poland
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years...
in 1772 and known by the German name Nakel. It began to develop significantly after the completion of the Bydgoszcz Canal
Bydgoszcz Canal
Bydgoszcz Canal - a canal, 24.7 km long, between the cities of Bydgoszcz and Nakło in Poland, connecting Vistula river with Oder river, through Brda and Noteć rivers . The level difference along the canal is regulated with usage of 6 locks...
, which connected the Vistula
Vistula
The Vistula is the longest and the most important river in Poland, at 1,047 km in length. The watershed area of the Vistula is , of which lies within Poland ....
with the Noteć
Notec
Noteć is a river in central Poland with a length of 388 km and a basin area of 17,330 km². It is a tributary of the Warta river and lies completely within Poland....
, Warta, and Oder Rivers.
After the defeat of Prussia in the Napoleonic
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
War of the Fourth Coalition
War of the Fourth Coalition
The Fourth Coalition against Napoleon's French Empire was defeated in a war spanning 1806–1807. Coalition partners included Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and the United Kingdom....
, Nakło became part of the Duchy of Warsaw
Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw was a Polish state established by Napoleon I in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit. The duchy was held in personal union by one of Napoleon's allies, King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony...
in 1807. After the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon I of France
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution.As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815...
in 1815, it was restored to Prussia in the Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars,...
as part of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Posen.
During the course of 19th century industrialization, Nakło developed further after being connected with the Prussian Eastern Railway (Preußische Ostbahn) in 1851. It became part of the Prussian-led German Empire
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
in 1871.
The town became part of the Second Polish Republic
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
according to the Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of...
following World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. From 1939-1945 Nakło was occupied by Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.
Notable residents
- Rafał Blechacz (born 1985), classical pianist
- Nathan PorgesNathan PorgesNathan Porges was a Bohemian German rabbi.Porges was born in Prostějov in Moravia, then part of the Austrian Empire....
(1848–1924), rabbi - Julius Schwalbe (1863–1930), doctor
- Abraham BuschkeAbraham BuschkeAbraham Buschke was a Jewish German dermatologist who was a native of Nakel in the Province of Posen. In 1891 he received his doctorate in Berlin, and afterwards was a surgical assistant in Greifswald. Later he worked at dermatological clinics in Breslau under Albert Neisser and in Berlin with...
{1868-1943}, doctor
See also
- Potulice concentration campPotulice concentration campThe Potulice concentration camp was established during World War II by German state authorities in occupied Poland in Potulice near Nakło. It is notable as a detention centre for Polish children that underwent the Nazi experiment in forced Germanisation....