NZR British Rail Mark 2 carriage
Encyclopedia
British Rail Mark 2
British Rail Mark 2
The Mark 2 family of railway carriages were British Rail's second design of carriages. They were built by British Rail workshops between 1964 and 1975...

 carriages
used in New Zealand were imported from the United Kingdom and rebuilt/refurbished and re-gauged in New Zealand.

The carriages are used on the Capital Connection (S class), owned operated by Tranz Scenic; MAXX commuter trains in Auckland
Auckland
The Auckland metropolitan area , in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country with residents, percent of the country's population. Auckland also has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world...

 (SA/SD classes), owned by Auckland Transport and operated by Veolia
Veolia (New Zealand)
Veolia Transport Auckland, formerly Connex Auckland Ltd, is a division of Australasia's largest passenger train company, French-owned Veolia. It runs Auckland's urban passenger trains under contract from Auckland Transport under their MAXX brand, on infrastructure owned and managed by KiwiRail...

; and on the Metlink Wairarapa Connection (SW/SWG/SWS class) and peak services in Wellington (SE/SEG/SES class), owned by Greater Wellington Regional Council and operated by Tranz Metro
Tranz Metro
Tranz Metro, part of KiwiRail, is the operator of Metlink suburban trains owned by the Greater Wellington Regional Council in the Wellington Region of New Zealand....

. They generally replaced NZR 56-foot carriage
NZR 56-foot carriage
The NZR 56-foot carriage is a class of 17.07m-long railway passenger car formerly used on almost all long-distance rail transport in New Zealand, and still in service. Some have been preserved.-1927: Prototypes:...

s, some of which had been in use for almost 70 years.

In Britain


The British Rail Mark 2 was the second design of carriage by British Railways (BR). The first Mark 2 was a prototype First Corridor
First Corridor
The First Corridor type of railway coach was one of the standard mid-20th century designs; coded 'FK' by the LNER and BR, and 'CL' by the LMS. The layout of the coach was a number of compartments, all of which were first class, linked by a side corridor....

 (FK), 13252, built in 1963.

1,876 Mark 2 carriages were constructed at the Derby Carriage and Wagon Works
Derby Carriage and Wagon Works
Derby Carriage and Wagon Works was built by the Midland Railway in Derby, England. The plant has been through many changes of ownership and is currently owned by Bombardier Transportation, a subsidiary of Bombardier Inc. of Canada. As of 2011 it is the only remaining passenger rolling stock...

 between 1964 and 1975. In 1975 the Mark 2 was superseded by the Mark 3
British Rail Mark 3
British Rail's third design of standard carriage was designated 'Mark 3' , and was developed primarily for the InterCity 125 High Speed Train...

, which had been developed for the InterCity 125
InterCity 125
The InterCity 125 was the brand name of British Rail's High Speed Train fleet. The InterCity 125 train is made up of two power cars, one at each end of a fixed formation of Mark 3 carriages, and is capable of , making the train the fastest diesel-powered locomotive in regular service in the...

 high speed train. The last Mark 2 was built in 1977, departmental carriage 999550.

The Mark 2 was one of the mainstays of BR's InterCity
InterCity (British Rail)
InterCity was introduced by British Rail in 1966 as a brand-name for its long-haul express passenger services ....

 network until the privatisation
Privatisation of British Rail
The privatisation of British Rail was set in motion when the Conservative government enacted, on 19 January 1993, the British Coal and British Rail Act 1993 . This enabled the relevant Secretary of State to issue directions to the relevant Board...

 from 1994. Since privatisation, new rolling stock has replaced the Mark 2 on nearly all routes.
They are still used in revenue service by Arriva Trains Wales
Arriva Trains Wales
Arriva Trains Wales is a train operating company, owned by Arriva, that operates urban and inter urban passenger services in Wales and the Welsh Marches...

 and First ScotRail
First ScotRail
ScotRail Railways Ltd. is the FirstGroup-owned train operating company running domestic passenger trains within Scotland, northern England and the cross-border Caledonian Sleeper service to London using the brand ScotRail which is the property of the Scottish Government...

, and also on many private rail tours, charter trains and heritage railways.

In New Zealand

New Zealand has about 3900 kilometres (2,423.4 mi) of railway, chosen due to the mountainous terrain. Because of construction constraints, most New Zealand rail lines have a limited loading gauge
Loading gauge
A loading gauge defines the maximum height and width for railway vehicles and their loads to ensure safe passage through bridges, tunnels and other structures...

. Great Britain uses , but its loading gauge is only slightly larger than New Zealand's. This means that BR rolling stock, like the Mark 2 carriage, can run on most New Zealand lines after gauge conversion.

National rail operator Tranz Rail
Tranz Rail
Tranz Rail, formally Tranz Rail Holdings Ltd , was the main rail operator in New Zealand from 1991 until it was purchased by Toll Holdings in 2003.- Formation :...

 and heritage operator Mainline Steam
Mainline Steam
Mainline Steam is a New Zealand organisation devoted to the restoration and operation of historic New Zealand Railways mainline steam locomotives. Regular day excursions and multi-day tours are operated over rail lines throughout New Zealand...

 bought 69 Mark 2 carriages (one damaged by fire after arrival) in 1996. Eight were extensively refurbished for the Wellington–Palmerston North Capital Connection, classified S (for Scenic), with new Japanese-assembled bogies. The carriages featured new auto plug door
Plug door
A plug door is a door designed to seal itself by taking advantage of pressure difference on its two sides and is typically used on pressurised aircraft...

s and interiors. The initial refurbishment proved more costly than expected, and the remaining carriages were laid up until a rebuilding programme began for the Auckland Regional Transport Authority for use on Auckland
Auckland
The Auckland metropolitan area , in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country with residents, percent of the country's population. Auckland also has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world...

 suburban trains. Classified SA/SD, they have two sets of sliding doors each side and are operated by Veolia
Veolia (New Zealand)
Veolia Transport Auckland, formerly Connex Auckland Ltd, is a division of Australasia's largest passenger train company, French-owned Veolia. It runs Auckland's urban passenger trains under contract from Auckland Transport under their MAXX brand, on infrastructure owned and managed by KiwiRail...

 for MAXX
MAXX Blue (livery)
thumb|Passengers board a MAXX branded Northern Express operated by [[Ritchies Coachlines]] on the [[Northern Busway, Auckland|Northern Busway]]....

 in push-pull
Push-pull train
Push–pull is a mode of operation for locomotive-hauled trains allowing them to be driven from either end.A push–pull train has a locomotive at one end of the train, connected via some form of remote control, such as multiple-unit train control, to a vehicle equipped with a control cab at the other...

 mode, with DC
NZR DC class
The NZR DC class locomotive is the most common class of locomotive currently in operation on the New Zealand rail network. Primarily employed to haul freight trains operated by KiwiRail, the class is also used for long-distance passenger trains operated by Tranz Scenic and suburban passenger trains...

 (4-car) or DFT
NZR DF class (1979)
The NZR DF class of 1979 is a class of 30 Co-Co diesel-electric locomotives built by General Motors Diesel of Canada between 1979 and 1981. Between 1992 and 1997, all the locomotives were rebuilt as the DFT class, a turbocharged version of the DF....

 (6-car) locomotives leased from KiwiRail
KiwiRail
KiwiRail Holdings Limited is the rail operations subsidiary of the New Zealand Railways Corporation, which trades as KiwiRail. Headquartered in Wellington, New Zealand, KiwiRail is the largest rail transport operator in New Zealand. Since July 2010 John Spencer has been the Chairman...

. The SD carriages include a driver's cab and operate in a similar manner to DBSOs in the UK.

In the southern autumn of 2006, Mark 2E and 2F carriages formerly operated by 'one' Anglia that had been replaced by ex-Virgin Mark 3 stock were exported to New Zealand. These were bought by Greater Wellington Regional Council for operation by Tranz Metro
Tranz Metro
Tranz Metro, part of KiwiRail, is the operator of Metlink suburban trains owned by the Greater Wellington Regional Council in the Wellington Region of New Zealand....

 on the Wairarapa Connection between Wellington and Masterton. They were rebuilt at Hillside Workshops in Dunedin, and classified SW, SWG and SWS.

Six more carriages have been bought by Greater Wellington Regional Council for operation on Metlink
Metlink
Metlink, formerly The Met, is the marketing body and umbrella brand for public train, tram and bus transport operators in Greater Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.-Responsibilities:Metlink is responsible for the promotion of travel by public transport...

 trains between Wellington, Upper Hutt and Plimmerton, top-and-tailed by EO electric locomotives
NZR EA class
The NZR Ea class were used by New Zealand Railways between 1968 and 1997 on the OtiraArthur's Pass section of the Midland line in the South Island, through the Otira Tunnel...

. These have been refurbished by Hillside Workshops and classified SE, SEG and SES.

Mainline Steam
Mainline Steam
Mainline Steam is a New Zealand organisation devoted to the restoration and operation of historic New Zealand Railways mainline steam locomotives. Regular day excursions and multi-day tours are operated over rail lines throughout New Zealand...

 brought 15 Mark 2 carriages to NZ in 1996, and subsequently sold them to Tranz Rail
Tranz Rail
Tranz Rail, formally Tranz Rail Holdings Ltd , was the main rail operator in New Zealand from 1991 until it was purchased by Toll Holdings in 2003.- Formation :...

. Between 2006 and 2008 they purchased 13 more Mark 2 carriages, which were shipped to NZ in 2008. These carriages are being rebuilt at Mainline Steam's Plimmerton depot, and will use the X27750 "Kinki" bogie and generally retain their internal fittings and appearance, with some differences such as toilet retention tanks and retractable steps. Currently four of these cars are at Plimmerton, with the other nine stored at Hutt Workshops. The first of these carriages are not expected on the main line until later in 2011, when sufficient numbers of the cars have been overhauled to make a set.

In late 2009, all S, SE and SW carriages were required to be modified so that their pneumatically-operated interior doors open automatically if the compressed air supply is lost. This was identified as an issue after the locomotive on a Wairarapa Connection train derailed when it hit a landslide on 23 July 2009, resulting in the locomotive having to be shut down, cutting the compressed air supply to the SW carriages. The doors stuck in position, and three people were required to open them manually, sparking safety fears that the carriages cold not be evacuated quickly in the event of a fire.

All New Zealand Mark 2 carriages in regular service retain their BR numbers, though the Mainline Steam cars may receive new numbers.

Classes

There are five classes of Mark 2 carriages operating in New Zealand, with two classes having two sub-classes each. All are rebuilt from Mark 2D, 2E, or 2F First Open (FO) or Tourist Standard Open (TSO) carriages.

S class

The eight S (Scenic) carriages operate on Tranz Scenic
Tranz Scenic
Tranz Scenic is the long-distance passenger train brand of KiwiRail, formed from the New Zealand Railways Corporation InterCity Rail services. Tranz Scenic was renamed along with the other operating divisions of Tranz Rail in 1995...

's Capital Connection between Wellington and Palmerston North
Palmerston North
Palmerston North is the main city of the Manawatu-Wanganui region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is an inland city with a population of and is the country's seventh largest city and eighth largest urban area. Palmerston North is located in the eastern Manawatu Plains near the north bank...

, each seating 60 (except the servery car, which seats 31) in both alcove and airline-style arrangements. They are painted in the Capital Connection livery of light and dark blue.

SA class

SA (Suburban Auckland) carriages operate on the MAXX suburban network, owned by Auckland Transport and operated by Veolia
Veolia (New Zealand)
Veolia Transport Auckland, formerly Connex Auckland Ltd, is a division of Australasia's largest passenger train company, French-owned Veolia. It runs Auckland's urban passenger trains under contract from Auckland Transport under their MAXX brand, on infrastructure owned and managed by KiwiRail...

 Auckland
Auckland
The Auckland metropolitan area , in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country with residents, percent of the country's population. Auckland also has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world...

. They operate in sets of three to five cars, an SD (see below) and a DC
NZR DC class
The NZR DC class locomotive is the most common class of locomotive currently in operation on the New Zealand rail network. Primarily employed to haul freight trains operated by KiwiRail, the class is also used for long-distance passenger trains operated by Tranz Scenic and suburban passenger trains...

 (4- and 5-car) or DFT/DFB
NZR DF class (1979)
The NZR DF class of 1979 is a class of 30 Co-Co diesel-electric locomotives built by General Motors Diesel of Canada between 1979 and 1981. Between 1992 and 1997, all the locomotives were rebuilt as the DFT class, a turbocharged version of the DF....

 (6-car) diesel-electric locomotive in push-pull
Push-pull
Push–pull may refer to:In electronic technology:*Push–pull output, type of electronic circuit*Push–pull converter, in electronics, is a type of DC to DC converter that uses a transformer*Push–pull connector, an electronic cable connector...

 configuration. They have electronic double doors, and are painted in the MAXX livery of blue and grey. There are two types of bogies: re-used bogies from 56 foot carriages
NZR 56-foot carriage
The NZR 56-foot carriage is a class of 17.07m-long railway passenger car formerly used on almost all long-distance rail transport in New Zealand, and still in service. Some have been preserved.-1927: Prototypes:...

, and new bogies with air-cushion secondary suspension.

SD class

SD (Suburban Driving) carriages also operate on the Auckland suburban network. The 24 carriages are fitted with a driving cab to allow trains to operate in push-pull mode, similar to British Rail Mark 2 Driving Brake Standard Open
Driving Brake Standard Open
A Driving Brake Standard Open or DBSO is a type of railway carriage, converted to operate as a control car. Fourteen such vehicles, numbered 9701 to 9714, were converted from Mk. 2F Brake Standard Open carriages. Modifications included adding a driving cab and TDM equipment to allow a locomotive...

 (DBSO) carriages. They have diesel generators to power the SA and SD carriages in the train. They are painted in MAXX livery.

SW class

The SW (Suburban Wairarapa) type is owned by Greater Wellington Rail Ltd, a subsidiary of the Greater Wellington Regional Council, leased to KiwiRail's Tranz Metro
Tranz Metro
Tranz Metro, part of KiwiRail, is the operator of Metlink suburban trains owned by the Greater Wellington Regional Council in the Wellington Region of New Zealand....

 to operate on Metlink's Wairarapa Connection between Wellington and Masterton
Masterton
Masterton is a large town and local government district in the Wellington Region of New Zealand. It is the largest town in the Wairarapa, a region separated from Wellington by the Rimutaka ranges...

.
There are 18 SW type carriages - 12 SW, three SWS and three SWG. The cars are in three sets of three to seven cars depending on the service (peak, off-peak, weekend), and all consist of an SWG, an SW, an SWS, and then the remaining SW cars. Some trains have a luggage/generator van, AG222
NZR FM guards van
The NZR FM guards van is a rail vehicle in New Zealand originally used on freight trains but now used primarily on passenger trains, reclassified AG.-First batch, 1977:...

, to supplement or replace the SWG.

SW carriages have 64 seats in both alcove and airline-style arrangements. They have toilets at each end of the carriage, automatic doors, and a public information system. SWS carriages have 37 seats, with a servery, a wheelchair hoist and a disabled toilet. SWG carriages also have 37 seats, and have a luggage compartment, and a diesel generator to power the carriages.

The carriages are painted in Metlink livery of dark blue and grey, with lime green highlights.

SE class

The SE (Suburban Express) type is similar to the SW, owned by Greater Wellington Rail Ltd and operated by Tranz Metro on peak express services top-and-tailed by EO class
NZR EA class
The NZR Ea class were used by New Zealand Railways between 1968 and 1997 on the OtiraArthur's Pass section of the Midland line in the South Island, through the Otira Tunnel...

 electric locomotives. There are four SE, one SES and one SEG carriages.

SE cars received a less thorough rebuild than the SWs, and retain their original airline-style seating. The SES carriage is accessible like SWS carriages, but lacks the servery.

They are painted in the Metlink livery. They are a temporary measure to increase capacity until arrival of the FP class "Matangi" units in 2010/2012, after which they may be transferred to increase capacity on the Wairarapa Connection.

Class register

Class BR type Number Service/area Entered Service
S 2D FO
First Open
A First Open or FO, is a type of railway carriage used by British Rail. They were first produced as British Railways Mark 1, and subsequently Mark 2, Mark 3, and Mark 4 variants were produced.-Mark 4:...

3170 Capital Connection
SA 2D FO 3171 Auckland suburban
S 2D FO 3177 Capital Connection
S 2D FO 3184 Capital Connection
SA 2D FO 3185 Auckland suburban
S 2D FO 3190 Capital Connection
SA 2D FO 3193 Auckland suburban
SA 2D FO 3195 Auckland suburban
SD 2D FO 3197 Auckland suburban
SD 2D FO 3199 Auckland suburban
S 2D FO 3200 Capital Connection
SA 2D FO 3201 Auckland suburban
SA 2D FO 3205 Auckland suburban
SA 2D FO 3206 Auckland suburban
S 2D FO 3207 Capital Connection
S 2D FO 3211 Capital Connection
SA 2D FO 3212 Auckland suburban
SA 2D FO 3216 Auckland suburban
SA 2E FO 3224 Auckland suburban
SA 2E FO 3233 Auckland suburban
S 2E FO 3245 Capital Connection
SA 2E FO 3262 Auckland suburban
SA 2E FO 3263 Auckland suburban
SA 2E FO 3265 Auckland suburban
SA 2E FO 3266 Auckland suburban
SW 2F FO 3282 Wairarapa Connection
SE 2F FO 3288 Wellington suburban
SW 2F FO 3294 Wairarapa Connection
SWS 2F FO 3298 Wairarapa Connection
SE 2F FO 3311 Wellington suburban
SE 2F FO 3324 Wellington suburban
SES 2F FO 3327 Wellington suburban
SW 2F FO 3339 Wairarapa Connection
SW 2F FO 3349 Wairarapa Connection
SW 2F FO 3355 Wairarapa Connection
SWG 2F FO 3365 Wairarapa Connection
SW 2F FO 3376 Wairarapa Connection
SE 2F FO 3380 Wellington suburban
SW 2F FO 3394 Wairarapa Connection
SW 2F FO 3404 Wairarapa Connection
SWG 2F FO 3422 Wairarapa Connection
SEG 2F FO 3430 Wellington suburban
SA 2D TSO
Tourist Standard Open
Tourist Second Open or Tourist Standard Open, abbreviated to TSO, is a type of British Railways coach. The designation "Tourist" was originally as opposed to a normal SO coach...

5617 Auckland suburban
SD 2D TSO 5624 Auckland suburban
SD 2D TSO 5626 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5633 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5637 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5638 Auckland suburban
SW 2D TSO 5646 Wairarapa Connection
SA 2D TSO 5651 Auckland suburban
SD 2D TSO 5652 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5653 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5654 Auckland suburban
SW 2D TSO 5658 Wairarapa Connection
SWS 2D TSO 5660 Wairarapa Connection
SWG 2D TSO 5671 Wairarapa Connection
SD 2D TSO 5675 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5682 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5695 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5703 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5705 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5719 Auckland suburban
SWS 2D TSO 5723 Wairarapa Connection
SA 2D TSO 5729 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5730 Auckland suburban
SA 2D TSO 5743 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5746 Auckland suburban
SD 2E TSO 5747 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5752 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5759 Auckland suburban
SD 2E TSO 5761 Auckland suburban
SD 2E TSO 5762 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5770 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5776 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5784 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5791 Auckland suburban
SD 2E TSO 5794 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5796 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5801 Auckland suburban
SD 2E TSO 5811 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5818 Auckland suburban
SW 2E TSO 5820 Wairarapa Connection
SA 2E TSO 5828 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5829 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5835 Auckland suburban
SW 2E TSO 5837 Wairarapa Connection
SD 2E TSO 5843 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5847 Auckland suburban
SD 2E TSO 5859 Auckland suburban
SD 2E TSO 5860 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5861 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5868 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5873 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5878 Auckland suburban
SD 2E TSO 5883 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5887 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5889 Auckland suburban
SD 2E TSO 5893 Auckland suburban
SA 2E TSO 5902 Auckland suburban
SA 2F TSO 5926 Auckland suburban
SA 2F TSO 5935 Auckland suburban
SD 2F TSO 5993 Auckland suburban
SA 2F TSO 5994 Auckland suburban
SA 2F TSO 5996 Auckland suburban
SA 2F TSO 6010 Auckland suburban
SA 2F TSO 6015 Auckland suburban
SD 2F TSO 6026 Auckland suburban
SA 2F TSO 6061 Auckland suburban
SA 2F TSO 6123 Auckland suburban
SA 2F TSO 6159 Auckland suburban
SD 2F TSO 6166 Auckland suburban
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