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Mauretania Caesariensis was a Roman province
Roman province

In Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the Italia ....
 located in northwestern Africa. It was the easternmost of the North Africa
North Africa

North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa.Geopolitically, the United Nations subregion of Northern Africa includes the following seven countries or territories:...
n Roman provinces, mainly in present Algeria
Algeria

Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country located in North Africa. It is the largest country of the Mediterranean sea, second largest in the Arab World, and the second largest on the African continent and the eleventh-largest country in the world in terms of land area....
, with its capital at Caesaria (hence the name Caesariensis; one of many cities simply named after the imperial cognomen that had become a title), now Cherchell
Cherchell

Cherchell is a seaport town in the provinces of Algeria of Tipaza Province, Algeria, 55 miles West of Algiers. It is the districts of Algeria of Cherchell District....
.

he first century AD, Roman Emperor
Roman Emperor

The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin language titles such as imperator , Augustus , Caesar and princeps were all associated with it....
 Claudius
Claudius

Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from January 24, AD 41 to his death in AD 54....
 divided the westernmost Roman province
Roman province

In Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the Italia ....
 in Africa, named Mauretania
Mauretania

In Antiquity, Mauretania was originally an independent Berber people monarchy on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa , corresponding to western Algeria, northern Morocco and Spain Plazas de soberan?a....
 (land of the people of the Mauri
Mauri

Mauri may refer to:*In the Maori language of New Zealand and the Rotuman language of Rotuma, Mauri means the life force which all objects contain....
, hence the word Moors
Moors

In the Spanish language, the term for Moors is Moro; in Portuguese language the word is mouro. There seems to have been some confusion about the relationship of the word moro/mouro to the word moreno , both from Greek language ma?ros, i.e....
), into Mauretania Caesariensis and Mauretania Tingitana
Mauretania Tingitana

Mauretania Tingitana was a Roman province located in northwestern Africa, coinciding roughly with the northern part of modern Morocco and Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla....
.

Both provinces were assigned to the administrative diocese of the vicarius of Africa, in the pretorian prefecture of Italia et Africa, while Tingitana was an outpost of Hispaniae
Hispania

Hispania was the name given by the Ancient Rome to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula . When Rome was a Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into Roman provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior....
 (the diocese on the Iberian peninsula
Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes modern-day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar and a very small area of France....
, under the prefecture of Galliae 'the Gauls').






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Mauretania Caesariensis was a Roman province
Roman province

In Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the Italia ....
 located in northwestern Africa. It was the easternmost of the North Africa
North Africa

North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa.Geopolitically, the United Nations subregion of Northern Africa includes the following seven countries or territories:...
n Roman provinces, mainly in present Algeria
Algeria

Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country located in North Africa. It is the largest country of the Mediterranean sea, second largest in the Arab World, and the second largest on the African continent and the eleventh-largest country in the world in terms of land area....
, with its capital at Caesaria (hence the name Caesariensis; one of many cities simply named after the imperial cognomen that had become a title), now Cherchell
Cherchell

Cherchell is a seaport town in the provinces of Algeria of Tipaza Province, Algeria, 55 miles West of Algiers. It is the districts of Algeria of Cherchell District....
.

Historical background

In the first century AD, Roman Emperor
Roman Emperor

The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin language titles such as imperator , Augustus , Caesar and princeps were all associated with it....
 Claudius
Claudius

Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from January 24, AD 41 to his death in AD 54....
 divided the westernmost Roman province
Roman province

In Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the Italia ....
 in Africa, named Mauretania
Mauretania

In Antiquity, Mauretania was originally an independent Berber people monarchy on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa , corresponding to western Algeria, northern Morocco and Spain Plazas de soberan?a....
 (land of the people of the Mauri
Mauri

Mauri may refer to:*In the Maori language of New Zealand and the Rotuman language of Rotuma, Mauri means the life force which all objects contain....
, hence the word Moors
Moors

In the Spanish language, the term for Moors is Moro; in Portuguese language the word is mouro. There seems to have been some confusion about the relationship of the word moro/mouro to the word moreno , both from Greek language ma?ros, i.e....
), into Mauretania Caesariensis and Mauretania Tingitana
Mauretania Tingitana

Mauretania Tingitana was a Roman province located in northwestern Africa, coinciding roughly with the northern part of modern Morocco and Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla....
.

Both provinces were assigned to the administrative diocese of the vicarius of Africa, in the pretorian prefecture of Italia et Africa, while Tingitana was an outpost of Hispaniae
Hispania

Hispania was the name given by the Ancient Rome to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula . When Rome was a Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into Roman provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior....
 (the diocese on the Iberian peninsula
Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes modern-day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar and a very small area of France....
, under the prefecture of Galliae 'the Gauls'). Caesarea was a major center of Jewry before 330
330

Events...
, Sitifis one of the centres of the soldier cult of Mithras. Christianity was spread throughout in the 4th and 5th century.

Under Diocletian's Tetrarchy
Tetrarchy

Tetrarchy can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals. The term is usually used to refer to the tetrarchy instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293 which lasted until c. 313....
-reform, the easternmost part was broken off as a tiny separate province, Sitifensis, called after its inland capital Sitifis (Sétif
Sétif

S?tif is a town in northeastern Algeria. It is the Capital of S?tif Province and it has a population of 239,195 inhabitants as of the 1998 census....
) with a significant port at Saldae (presently Béjaïa
Béjaïa

B?ja?a or Bougie in Algerian Arabic) is a Mediterranean seaport on the Gulf of B?ja?a, capital of B?ja?a Province, northern Algeria. Under French colonial empires, it was formerly known under various European names, such as Budschaja in German, Bugia in Italian, and Bougie // ....
).

Religion

Among the ruling class, Trinitarian Christianity
Trinity

In Christianity doctrine, the Trinity is the unity of God the Father, God the Son, and Holy Spirit as three persons in monotheism. The doctrine states that God is the Triune God, existing as three persons, or in the Greek hypostasis , but one being....
 was replaced by Arianism
Arianism

Arianism is the theological teaching of Arius , a Christian priest, who was first ruled a heresy at the First Council of Nicea, later exonerated and then pronounced a heretic again after his death....
 under the Germanic kingdom
Germanic peoples

File:Germanische-ratsversammlung 1-1250x715.jpgThe Germanic peoples are a historical Ethnolinguistics group, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Indo-European languages Germanic languages which diversified out of Common Germanic in the course of the Pre-Roman Iron Age....
 of the Vandals
Vandals

The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century. The Goths Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths and regent of the Visigoths, was allied by marriage with the Vandals as well as with the Burgundians and the Franks under Clovis I....
, which was established in 430, when the Vandals crossed the Strait of Gibraltar
Strait of Gibraltar

The Strait of Gibraltar is the strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain from Morocco. The name comes from Gibraltar, which in turn originates from the Arabic language Jebel Tariq meaning mountain of Tariq....
 and extinguished by the Byzantine
Byzantine

The word Byzantine may refer to:Topics directly related to the Byzantine Empire* A citizen of Byzantine Empire, or native Greeks during the Middle Ages ....
 armies circa 533, joining their North African territories in a new, pretorian prefecture of Africa now ruled from Constantinople, later transformed into the Exarchate of Carthage. The Exarchate was in its turn overrun by the Muslim
Islam

Islam is a Monotheism, Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of the Prophets of Islam Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure....
 caliphate
Caliphate

The caliphate represented the political leadership of the Muslim ummah in classical and medieval Islamic history and juristic theory. The head of state's position is based on the notion of a successor to the Prophets of Islam Muhammad's political authority....
 under the Ummayad dynasty, ending Late Antique Roman culture there; most of former Mauretania Caesariensis became part of the westernmost Islamic province, henceforth called (al-)Maghrib
Maghrib

Maghrib is the fourth daily salat in Islam, offered at sunset. The word maghrib is an Arabic language term for "of the setting "; from the root "gharaba|??????", "to set"; "to be hidden" ....
.

Economy

The principal exports from Caesariensis were purple dyes and valuable woods; and the Amazigh or Mauri
Mauri

Mauri may refer to:*In the Maori language of New Zealand and the Rotuman language of Rotuma, Mauri means the life force which all objects contain....
 were highly regarded by the Romans as soldiers, especially light cavalry. They produced one of Trajan
Trajan

Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 98 until his death in 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along the Limes G...
's best generals, Lusius Quietus
Lusius Quietus

Lusius Quietus was a Ancient Rome general and governor of Iudaea Province in 117....
, and the emperor Macrinus
Macrinus

Marcus Opellius Macrinus was Roman Empire Roman Emperors for fourteen months in 217 and 218. Macrinus was the first emperor to become so without membership in the senatorial class and the first emperor of Mauretania descent....
.

See also

  • Notitia Dignitatum
    Notitia Dignitatum

    The Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Ancient Rome imperial chanceries. One of the very few surviving documents of Roman government, it details the administrative organisation of the eastern and western Roman empires, listing several thousand offices from the imperial court down to the provincial level....
  • Pauly-Wissowa
    Pauly-Wissowa

    The Realencyclop?die der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, commonly called the Pauly-Wissowa or simply RE, is a German language encyclopedia of classical antiquity scholarship....


Sources

  • Westermann, Großer Atlas zur Weltgschichte (in German)