Matsudaira Tadaaki
Encyclopedia
was a Japanese samurai
of the Azuchi-Momoyama Period
through early Edo period
. He was a retainer and relative of the Tokugawa clan
, and became a daimyo
in 1602.
; this made Tadaaki Ieyasu's grandson. In 1588, Tadaaki was adopted by Ieyasu, and it was then that he assumed the Matsudaira surname. Following the death of his brother Matsudaira Ieharu in 1592, Tadaaki succeeded to his brother's family headship, receiving the fief of Nagane in Kōzuke Province
, worth 7000 koku
. He assumed the adult name of Kiyomasa, which he changed to Tadaaki in 1599, after receiving the character
from Tokugawa Hidetada
's name. In 1600, together with his father, Tadaaki sided with the Tokugawa forces at the Battle of Sekigahara
.
In late 1602, Tadaaki received the fief of Tsukude, which increased his income by 10,000 koku
and made him a daimyo with 17,000 koku
of land. His income was raised again in 1610, when he was moved to the Ise-Kameyama Domain
, worth some 50,000 koku
. In 1614, he led the forces sent by the domains of Mino Province
during the Sieges of Osaka.
For his service at Osaka, Tadaaki was given Osaka Castle
and a domain within the provinces of Settsu
and Kawachi
worth 100,000 koku. For four years, Tadaaki primarily set about the rebuilding of his domain, but was soon moved once more: first to the Kōriyama Domain of Yamato Province
(120,000 koku
); then to Himeji
in 1619 (180,000 koku
). In his later years, Tadaaki assisted with the management of the fledgling Tokugawa Shogunate
; he died at his estate in Edo
in 1644.
His descendants had their holdings moved several times, and eventually became rulers of the Oshi Domain
, where they remained until the Meiji Restoration
.
Samurai
is the term for the military nobility of pre-industrial Japan. According to translator William Scott Wilson: "In Chinese, the character 侍 was originally a verb meaning to wait upon or accompany a person in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese, saburau...
of the Azuchi-Momoyama Period
Azuchi-Momoyama period
The came at the end of the Warring States Period in Japan, when the political unification that preceded the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate took place. It spans the years from approximately 1573 to 1603, during which time Oda Nobunaga and his successor, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, imposed order...
through early Edo period
Edo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
. He was a retainer and relative of the Tokugawa clan
Tokugawa clan
The was a powerful daimyo family of Japan. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa and were a branch of the Minamoto clan by the Nitta clan. However, the early history of this clan remains a mystery.-History:...
, and became a daimyo
Daimyo
is a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings...
in 1602.
Biography
Tadaaki was born in 1583, the fourth son of Okudaira Nobumasa, a senior Tokugawa retainer. His mother, Princess Kame, was the eldest daughter of Tokugawa IeyasuTokugawa Ieyasu
was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan , which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Ieyasu seized power in 1600, received appointment as shogun in 1603, abdicated from office in 1605, but...
; this made Tadaaki Ieyasu's grandson. In 1588, Tadaaki was adopted by Ieyasu, and it was then that he assumed the Matsudaira surname. Following the death of his brother Matsudaira Ieharu in 1592, Tadaaki succeeded to his brother's family headship, receiving the fief of Nagane in Kōzuke Province
Kozuke Province
was an old province located in the Tōsandō of Japan, which today comprises Gunma Prefecture. It is nicknamed as or .The ancient provincial capital was near modern Maebashi. During the Sengoku period, Kōzuke was controlled variously by Takeda Shingen, Uesugi Kenshin, the late Hōjō clan, and...
, worth 7000 koku
Koku
The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...
. He assumed the adult name of Kiyomasa, which he changed to Tadaaki in 1599, after receiving the character
Kanji
Kanji are the adopted logographic Chinese characters hanzi that are used in the modern Japanese writing system along with hiragana , katakana , Indo Arabic numerals, and the occasional use of the Latin alphabet...
from Tokugawa Hidetada
Tokugawa Hidetada
was the second shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.-Early life :...
's name. In 1600, together with his father, Tadaaki sided with the Tokugawa forces at the Battle of Sekigahara
Battle of Sekigahara
The , popularly known as the , was a decisive battle on October 21, 1600 which cleared the path to the Shogunate for Tokugawa Ieyasu...
.
In late 1602, Tadaaki received the fief of Tsukude, which increased his income by 10,000 koku
Koku
The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...
and made him a daimyo with 17,000 koku
Koku
The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...
of land. His income was raised again in 1610, when he was moved to the Ise-Kameyama Domain
Ise-Kameyama Domain
The ' was a domain of the Edo period in Japan. It was located in Ise Province and had its headquarters and Kameyama Castle, which is in the modern-day city of Kameyama, Mie Prefecture....
, worth some 50,000 koku
Koku
The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...
. In 1614, he led the forces sent by the domains of Mino Province
Mino Province
, one of the old provinces of Japan, encompassed part of modern-day Gifu Prefecture. It was sometimes called . Mino Province bordered Echizen, Hida, Ise, Mikawa, Ōmi, Owari, and Shinano Provinces....
during the Sieges of Osaka.
For his service at Osaka, Tadaaki was given Osaka Castle
Osaka Castle
is a Japanese castle in Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan.Originally called Ozakajō, it is one of Japan's most famous castles, and played a major role in the unification of Japan during the sixteenth century of the Azuchi-Momoyama period.-Description:...
and a domain within the provinces of Settsu
Settsu Province
was a province of Japan, which today comprises the eastern part of Hyōgo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture. It was also referred to as or .Osaka and Osaka Castle were the main center of the province.-History:...
and Kawachi
Kawachi Province
was a province of Japan in the eastern part of modern Osaka Prefecture. It originally held the southwestern area that was split off into Izumi Province...
worth 100,000 koku. For four years, Tadaaki primarily set about the rebuilding of his domain, but was soon moved once more: first to the Kōriyama Domain of Yamato Province
Yamato Province
was a province of Japan, located in Kinai, corresponding to present-day Nara Prefecture in Honshū. It was also called . At first, the name was written with one different character , and for about ten years after 737, this was revised to use more desirable characters . The final revision was made in...
(120,000 koku
Koku
The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...
); then to Himeji
Himeji Domain
The ' was a Japanese domain of the Edo Period, located in Harima Province .-List of lords:*Ikeda clan #Terumasa#Toshitaka#Mitsumasa*Honda clan #Tadamasa#Masatomo#Masakatsu...
in 1619 (180,000 koku
Koku
The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...
). In his later years, Tadaaki assisted with the management of the fledgling Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which is now called Tokyo, after the name was...
; he died at his estate in Edo
Edo
, also romanized as Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo, and was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868...
in 1644.
His descendants had their holdings moved several times, and eventually became rulers of the Oshi Domain
Oshi Domain
The ' was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Musashi Province. It was headquartered in Oshi Castle.-List of Daimyo:* Matsudaira clan # Ietada* Matsudaira clan # Tadayoshi...
, where they remained until the Meiji Restoration
Meiji Restoration
The , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, Reform or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868...
.