Manufacturing in Australia
Encyclopedia
Although primary production is the main industry in Australia, manufacturing in Australia is still a significant industry.
peaked in the 1960s at 25%, and had dropped to 13% by 2001–2 and 10.5% by 2005–6.
In 2004–05, the manufacturing industry exported products worth $67,400 million, and employed 1.1 million people
In 2000–2001, $3300 million was spent on assistance to the manufacturing industry, with 40% going to the textile, clothing and footwear industry and the passenger motor vehicle industry. At that time, manufacturing accounted for 48% of exports, and 45% of Australian research and development
.
In 2008, the breakdown of manufacturing by state, and the fraction of gross state product
(GSP) which it contributed, were as follows
Between 2001 and 2007, the approximate breakdown by industry changed as follows
* Before the 2010 closure of the Port Lincoln Tuna cannery
As of 2010, most manufacturing, even by Australian companies, is performed in China.
Although primary production is the main industry in Australia, manufacturing in Australia is still a significant industry.
peaked in the 1960s at 25%, and had dropped to 13% by 2001–2 and 10.5% by 2005–6.
In 2004–05, the manufacturing industry exported products worth $67,400 million, and employed 1.1 million people
In 2000–2001, $3300 million was spent on assistance to the manufacturing industry, with 40% going to the textile, clothing and footwear industry and the passenger motor vehicle industry. At that time, manufacturing accounted for 48% of exports, and 45% of Australian research and development
.
In 2008, the breakdown of manufacturing by state, and the fraction of gross state product
(GSP) which it contributed, were as follows
Between 2001 and 2007, the approximate breakdown by industry changed as follows
* Before the 2010 closure of the Port Lincoln Tuna cannery
As of 2010, most manufacturing, even by Australian companies, is performed in China.
Although primary production is the main industry in Australia, manufacturing in Australia is still a significant industry.
peaked in the 1960s at 25%, and had dropped to 13% by 2001–2 and 10.5% by 2005–6.
In 2004–05, the manufacturing industry exported products worth $67,400 million, and employed 1.1 million people
In 2000–2001, $3300 million was spent on assistance to the manufacturing industry, with 40% going to the textile, clothing and footwear industry and the passenger motor vehicle industry. At that time, manufacturing accounted for 48% of exports, and 45% of Australian research and development
.
In 2008, the breakdown of manufacturing by state, and the fraction of gross state product
(GSP) which it contributed, were as follows
Between 2001 and 2007, the approximate breakdown by industry changed as follows
* Before the 2010 closure of the Port Lincoln Tuna cannery
As of 2010, most manufacturing, even by Australian companies, is performed in China.
, Ford
and Toyota
. Mitsubishi Motors Australia
ceased production in March 2008.
Holden bodyworks are manufactured at Elizabeth, South Australia
and engines are produced at the Fishermens Bend plant in Port Melbourne, Victoria
. In 2006, Holden's export revenue was just under $1300 million.
Ford has two main factories, both in Victoria: located in the Geelong
suburb of Norlane
and the northern Melbourne suburb of Broadmeadows
.
Until 2006, Toyota had factories in Port Melbourne and Altona, Victoria
. Since then, all manufacturing has been at Altona. In 2008, Toyota exported 101,668 vehicles worth $1900 million.
s.
Many mining companies, such as BHP Billiton
and Comalco
, perform initial processing of raw materials. Similarly, Australia's agriculture feeds into the chemical industry. Tasmania
produces 40% of the worlds raw narcotic materials; some of this is locally converted into codeine
and other pharmaceuticals in Tasmania by Tasmanian Alkaloids
, owned by Johnson and Johnson, while GlaxoSmithKline
processes some of the resulting poppy straw in Victoria
.
History
The contribution of manufacturing to Australia's gross domestic productGross domestic product
Gross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living....
peaked in the 1960s at 25%, and had dropped to 13% by 2001–2 and 10.5% by 2005–6.
In 2004–05, the manufacturing industry exported products worth $67,400 million, and employed 1.1 million people
In 2000–2001, $3300 million was spent on assistance to the manufacturing industry, with 40% going to the textile, clothing and footwear industry and the passenger motor vehicle industry. At that time, manufacturing accounted for 48% of exports, and 45% of Australian research and development
Research and development
The phrase research and development , according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, refers to "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of...
.
In 2008, the breakdown of manufacturing by state, and the fraction of gross state product
Gross state product
Gross state product is a measurement of the economic output of a state or province...
(GSP) which it contributed, were as follows
| State | Fraction of manufacturing | Fraction of GSP |
|---|---|---|
| New South Wales | 32 | 10 |
| Victoria | 28 | 12 |
| Queensland | 17 | 9 |
| South Australia | 8 | 13 |
| Western Australia | 10 | 8 |
| Tasmania | 3 | 13 |
| Northern Territory | 1 | 7 |
| Australian Capital Territory | 0.5 | 2 |
Between 2001 and 2007, the approximate breakdown by industry changed as follows
| Industry | Percent in 2001 | Percent in 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Food, beverages and tobacco | 19 | 19 |
| Textile, clothing and footwear | 5 | 3 |
| Wood and paper products | 7 | 6 |
| Printing, publishing and recorded media | 10 | 10 |
| Petroleum, coal and chemical products | 15 | 14 |
| Non-metal mineral products | 4 | 5 |
| Metal products | 18 | 19 |
| Machinery and equipment | 17 | 19 |
| Other manufacturing | 4 | 4 |
Food processing
The food and beverage manufacturing industry is the largest in Australia. The sectors include the following:| Sector | Turnover(2005–06, $millions) |
|---|---|
| Meat and meat products | 17,836 |
| Beverage and malt manufacturing | 13,289 |
| Dairy products | 9,991 |
| Sugar and confectionery manufacturing | 6,456 |
| Fruit and vegetable processing | 4,672 |
| Bakery products | 4,005 |
| Flour mill and cereal food manufacturing | 3,692 |
| Oil and fat manufacturing | 1,547 |
| Seafood processing | 1,330 * |
| Other food manufacturing | 8,554 |
| Total | 71,372 |
Textile industry
Until trade liberalisation in the mid 1980s, Australia had a large textile industry. This decline continued through the first decade of the 21st century. Since the 1980s, tariffs have steadily been reduced; in early 2010, the tariffs were reduced from 17.5 percent to 10percent on clothing, and 7.5–10% to 5% for footwear and other textiles.As of 2010, most manufacturing, even by Australian companies, is performed in China.
Although primary production is the main industry in Australia, manufacturing in Australia is still a significant industry.
History
The contribution of manufacturing to Australia's gross domestic productGross domestic product
Gross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living....
peaked in the 1960s at 25%, and had dropped to 13% by 2001–2 and 10.5% by 2005–6.
In 2004–05, the manufacturing industry exported products worth $67,400 million, and employed 1.1 million people
In 2000–2001, $3300 million was spent on assistance to the manufacturing industry, with 40% going to the textile, clothing and footwear industry and the passenger motor vehicle industry. At that time, manufacturing accounted for 48% of exports, and 45% of Australian research and development
Research and development
The phrase research and development , according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, refers to "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of...
.
In 2008, the breakdown of manufacturing by state, and the fraction of gross state product
Gross state product
Gross state product is a measurement of the economic output of a state or province...
(GSP) which it contributed, were as follows
| State | Fraction of manufacturing | Fraction of GSP |
|---|---|---|
| New South Wales | 32 | 10 |
| Victoria | 28 | 12 |
| Queensland | 17 | 9 |
| South Australia | 8 | 13 |
| Western Australia | 10 | 8 |
| Tasmania | 3 | 13 |
| Northern Territory | 1 | 7 |
| Australian Capital Territory | 0.5 | 2 |
Between 2001 and 2007, the approximate breakdown by industry changed as follows
| Industry | Percent in 2001 | Percent in 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Food, beverages and tobacco | 19 | 19 |
| Textile, clothing and footwear | 5 | 3 |
| Wood and paper products | 7 | 6 |
| Printing, publishing and recorded media | 10 | 10 |
| Petroleum, coal and chemical products | 15 | 14 |
| Non-metal mineral products | 4 | 5 |
| Metal products | 18 | 19 |
| Machinery and equipment | 17 | 19 |
| Other manufacturing | 4 | 4 |
Food processing
The food and beverage manufacturing industry is the largest in Australia. The sectors include the following:| Sector | Turnover(2005–06, $millions) |
|---|---|
| Meat and meat products | 17,836 |
| Beverage and malt manufacturing | 13,289 |
| Dairy products | 9,991 |
| Sugar and confectionery manufacturing | 6,456 |
| Fruit and vegetable processing | 4,672 |
| Bakery products | 4,005 |
| Flour mill and cereal food manufacturing | 3,692 |
| Oil and fat manufacturing | 1,547 |
| Seafood processing | 1,330 * |
| Other food manufacturing | 8,554 |
| Total | 71,372 |
Textile industry
Until trade liberalisation in the mid 1980s, Australia had a large textile industry. This decline continued through the first decade of the 21st century. Since the 1980s, tariffs have steadily been reduced; in early 2010, the tariffs were reduced from 17.5 percent to 10percent on clothing, and 7.5–10% to 5% for footwear and other textiles.As of 2010, most manufacturing, even by Australian companies, is performed in China.
Although primary production is the main industry in Australia, manufacturing in Australia is still a significant industry.
History
The contribution of manufacturing to Australia's gross domestic productGross domestic product
Gross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living....
peaked in the 1960s at 25%, and had dropped to 13% by 2001–2 and 10.5% by 2005–6.
In 2004–05, the manufacturing industry exported products worth $67,400 million, and employed 1.1 million people
In 2000–2001, $3300 million was spent on assistance to the manufacturing industry, with 40% going to the textile, clothing and footwear industry and the passenger motor vehicle industry. At that time, manufacturing accounted for 48% of exports, and 45% of Australian research and development
Research and development
The phrase research and development , according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, refers to "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of...
.
In 2008, the breakdown of manufacturing by state, and the fraction of gross state product
Gross state product
Gross state product is a measurement of the economic output of a state or province...
(GSP) which it contributed, were as follows
| State | Fraction of manufacturing | Fraction of GSP |
|---|---|---|
| New South Wales | 32 | 10 |
| Victoria | 28 | 12 |
| Queensland | 17 | 9 |
| South Australia | 8 | 13 |
| Western Australia | 10 | 8 |
| Tasmania | 3 | 13 |
| Northern Territory | 1 | 7 |
| Australian Capital Territory | 0.5 | 2 |
Between 2001 and 2007, the approximate breakdown by industry changed as follows
| Industry | Percent in 2001 | Percent in 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Food, beverages and tobacco | 19 | 19 |
| Textile, clothing and footwear | 5 | 3 |
| Wood and paper products | 7 | 6 |
| Printing, publishing and recorded media | 10 | 10 |
| Petroleum, coal and chemical products | 15 | 14 |
| Non-metal mineral products | 4 | 5 |
| Metal products | 18 | 19 |
| Machinery and equipment | 17 | 19 |
| Other manufacturing | 4 | 4 |
Food processing
The food and beverage manufacturing industry is the largest in Australia. The sectors include the following:| Sector | Turnover(2005–06, $millions) |
|---|---|
| Meat and meat products | 17,836 |
| Beverage and malt manufacturing | 13,289 |
| Dairy products | 9,991 |
| Sugar and confectionery manufacturing | 6,456 |
| Fruit and vegetable processing | 4,672 |
| Bakery products | 4,005 |
| Flour mill and cereal food manufacturing | 3,692 |
| Oil and fat manufacturing | 1,547 |
| Seafood processing | 1,330 * |
| Other food manufacturing | 8,554 |
| Total | 71,372 |
Textile industry
Until trade liberalisation in the mid 1980s, Australia had a large textile industry. This decline continued through the first decade of the 21st century. Since the 1980s, tariffs have steadily been reduced; in early 2010, the tariffs were reduced from 17.5 percent to 10percent on clothing, and 7.5–10% to 5% for footwear and other textiles.As of 2010, most manufacturing, even by Australian companies, is performed in China.
Motor vehicles
As of 2010, three companies manufacture cars in Australia: GM-HoldenHolden
GM Holden Ltd is an automaker that operates in Australia, based in Port Melbourne, Victoria. The company was founded in 1856 as a saddlery manufacturer. In 1908 it moved into the automotive field, before becoming a subsidiary of the U.S.-based General Motors in 1931...
, Ford
Ford Australia
Ford Australia is the Australian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company and was founded in Geelong, Victoria, in 1925 as an outpost of Ford Motor Company of Canada, Limited. At that time, Ford Canada was a separate company from Ford USA...
and Toyota
Toyota Australia
Toyota Motor Corporation Australia, or Toyota Australia, is a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation, which is based in Japan. TMCA markets Toyota products and manages motorsport, advertising and business operations for Toyota Motor Corporation in Australia...
. Mitsubishi Motors Australia
Mitsubishi Motors Australia
Mitsubishi Motors Australia Limited is a fully owned subsidiary of parent company Mitsubishi Motors Corporation of Japan. Its Australian administrative headquarters are located at Tonsley Park , with branch offices in Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne and Perth...
ceased production in March 2008.
Holden bodyworks are manufactured at Elizabeth, South Australia
Elizabeth, South Australia
Elizabeth is a northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of Playford.-History:Elizabeth was established in 1955 as part of a planned satellite town by the South Australian Housing Trust on rural land between the older towns of Salisbury and...
and engines are produced at the Fishermens Bend plant in Port Melbourne, Victoria
Port Melbourne, Victoria
Port Melbourne is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 5 km southwest of Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government areas are the cities of Port Phillip and Melbourne. At the 2006 Census, Port Melbourne had a population of 13,293....
. In 2006, Holden's export revenue was just under $1300 million.
Ford has two main factories, both in Victoria: located in the Geelong
Geelong, Victoria
Geelong is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, in the state of Victoria, Australia, south-west of the state capital; Melbourne. It is the second most populated city in Victoria and the fifth most populated non-capital city in Australia...
suburb of Norlane
Norlane, Victoria
Norlane is a northern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Norlane is located approximately 7 km from the Geelong central business district and approximately 70 km from the state capital, Melbourne...
and the northern Melbourne suburb of Broadmeadows
Broadmeadows, Victoria
Broadmeadows is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 16 km north from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Hume...
.
Until 2006, Toyota had factories in Port Melbourne and Altona, Victoria
Altona, Victoria
Altona is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 13 km south-west from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Hobsons Bay. At the 2006 Census, Altona had a population of 9685....
. Since then, all manufacturing has been at Altona. In 2008, Toyota exported 101,668 vehicles worth $1900 million.
Chemical industry
Australia has a chemical industry, including the manufacture of many petrochemicalPetrochemical
Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as corn or sugar cane....
s.
Many mining companies, such as BHP Billiton
BHP Billiton
BHP Billiton is a global mining, oil and gas company headquartered in Melbourne, Australia and with a major management office in London, United Kingdom...
and Comalco
Comalco
Rio Tinto Aluminium is now known as Rio Tinto Alcan after Rio's takeover of Alcan. It was the world's eighth largest aluminium company...
, perform initial processing of raw materials. Similarly, Australia's agriculture feeds into the chemical industry. Tasmania
Tasmania
Tasmania is an Australian island and state. It is south of the continent, separated by Bass Strait. The state includes the island of Tasmania—the 26th largest island in the world—and the surrounding islands. The state has a population of 507,626 , of whom almost half reside in the greater Hobart...
produces 40% of the worlds raw narcotic materials; some of this is locally converted into codeine
Codeine
Codeine or 3-methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal properties...
and other pharmaceuticals in Tasmania by Tasmanian Alkaloids
Tasmanian Alkaloids
Tasmanian Alkaloids is the largest opium poppy processing company in the Australian state of Tasmania. Approximately forty-percent of the worlds legal opiate crop is grown in Tasmania...
, owned by Johnson and Johnson, while GlaxoSmithKline
GlaxoSmithKline
GlaxoSmithKline plc is a global pharmaceutical, biologics, vaccines and consumer healthcare company headquartered in London, United Kingdom...
processes some of the resulting poppy straw in Victoria
Victoria (Australia)
Victoria is the second most populous state in Australia. Geographically the smallest mainland state, Victoria is bordered by New South Wales, South Australia, and Tasmania on Boundary Islet to the north, west and south respectively....
.
Currently Australian-made products
The following Australasian-made products are still fairly readily available. For more boutique products, see the search engines below.- Cars
- Toyota makes some medium-large cars (such as Camry) in Altona, VictoriaAltona, VictoriaAltona is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 13 km south-west from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Hobsons Bay. At the 2006 Census, Altona had a population of 9685....
. - HoldenHoldenGM Holden Ltd is an automaker that operates in Australia, based in Port Melbourne, Victoria. The company was founded in 1856 as a saddlery manufacturer. In 1908 it moved into the automotive field, before becoming a subsidiary of the U.S.-based General Motors in 1931...
and Ford make large cars at various factories around Australia
- Toyota makes some medium-large cars (such as Camry) in Altona, Victoria
- Cleaning products
- Velvet soap is made by UnileverUnileverUnilever is a British-Dutch multinational corporation that owns many of the world's consumer product brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products....
- Solvol soap is made by the WD-40 company
- Velvet soap is made by Unilever
- Clothing
- See above
- Food: Many staples are still manufactured in Australia. However many manufactured products such as sauces are imported.
- Hardware
- Some DuluxDuluxDulux is an internationally available brand of paint. It is produced by AkzoNobel . The brand name Dulux has been used by both ICI and DuPont since 1931 and was one of the first alkyd-based paints.-History:...
paint is made in the Hutt Valley (Wellington, NZ). - Lofty Ladders makes ladders
- Sutton Tools
- Some Dulux
- White goods
- ElectroluxElectroluxThe Electrolux Group is a Swedish appliance maker.As of 2010 the 2nd largest home appliance manufacturer in the world after Whirlpool, its products sell under a variety of brand names including its own and are primarily major appliances and vacuum cleaners...
makes make large refrigerators in Orange, New South WalesOrange, New South WalesOrange is a city in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is west of the state capital, Sydney, at an altitude of . Orange has an estimated population of 39,329 and the city is a major provincial centre....
, under brands such as Westinghouse (licensed from Westinghouse ElectricWestinghouse Electric (1998)Westinghouse Licensing, doing business as Westinghouse Electric Corporation , is a Delaware General Corporation Law organized subsidiary that was founded by CBS Corporation in managing the intellectual property assets relating to the Westinghouse trademarks.Westinghouse Licensing has...
), Simpson and KelvinatorKelvinatorKelvinator is an appliance brand. It takes its name from William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, who developed the concept of absolute zero and for whom the Kelvin temperature scale is named...
.
- Electrolux
Australian/NZ icons no longer made in Australia/NZ
Many brands which used to be manufactured in Australasia no longer are. The following are notable examples.- Clothing
- Pacific brandsPacific BrandsPacific Brands is a major Australian company marketing Berlei, Bonds, Clarks , Dunlop, Everlast, Grosby, Holeproof, Hush Puppies, King Gee, Malvern Star, Sheridan, Slazenger, Sleepmaker and Tontine . It once held the Asian Pacific licence for British Knights footwear. It was formed as a division of...
moved their manufacturing offshore in 2009, causing intense negative publicity.
- Pacific brands
- Tools
- SidchromeSidchromeSidchrome is an Australian brand of mechanics' tools. It is a subsidiary of Stanley Black & Decker.-History:The brand emerged when Royston Siddons' Siddons Drop Forgings Pty Ltd turned to tool making to fill post-war shortages after World War II...
was bought by StanleyStanley WorksStanley Black & Decker , formerly known as The Stanley Works, is a manufacturer of tools and hardware and provider of security products and locks headquartered in New Britain, Connecticut...
in 1990, and manufacturing moved offshore
- Sidchrome
See also
- Australian MadeAustralian made logoThe Australian Made and Australian Grown trade mark logos signify products whose ingredients or production mostly originate from Australia...
- AusbuyAusbuyThe Australian Companies Institute is a not-for-profit; non-political organisation that encourages Australians to support Australian owned and made products and services, so that the jobs and profits stay in Australia and the decisions are made by Australians.-History and background:Ausbuy was...
- Australia's balance of paymentsAustralia's balance of paymentsIn trade terms, the Australian economy has had persistently large current account deficits for more than 50 years. One single factor that undermines balance of payments is Australia's narrow export base....
- Economy of AustraliaEconomy of AustraliaThe economy of Australia is a developed, modern market economy with a GDP of approximately US$1.23 trillion. In 2011, it was the 13th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the 17th largest measured by PPP adjusted GDP, representing about 1.7% of the World economy. Australia was also ranked...