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The macaques constitute a genus (Macaca, ) of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae
Cercopithecinae

The Cercopithecinae are a subfamily of the Old World monkeys, that includes in its roughly 71 species the baboons, the macaques and the vervet monkeys....
.

Aside from human
Human

A human being, also human or man, is a member of a species of bipedalism primates in the family Hominidae . Mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates that modern humans originated in east Africa about 200,000 years ago....
s (genus Homo
Homo (genus)

Homo is the genus that includes anatomically modern humanss and their close relatives. The genus is estimated to be about 2.5 million years old, evolving from Australopithecine ancestors with the appearance of Homo habilis....
), the macaques are the most widespread primate
Primate

A primate is a member of the biological order Primates , the group that contains lemurs, the Aye-aye, Lorisidaes, galagos, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes, with the last category including humans....
 genus, ranging from northern Africa
Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
 to Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
.






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Jigokudani Hotspring in Nagano Japan 001
The macaques constitute a genus (Macaca, ) of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae
Cercopithecinae

The Cercopithecinae are a subfamily of the Old World monkeys, that includes in its roughly 71 species the baboons, the macaques and the vervet monkeys....
.

Aside from human
Human

A human being, also human or man, is a member of a species of bipedalism primates in the family Hominidae . Mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates that modern humans originated in east Africa about 200,000 years ago....
s (genus Homo
Homo (genus)

Homo is the genus that includes anatomically modern humanss and their close relatives. The genus is estimated to be about 2.5 million years old, evolving from Australopithecine ancestors with the appearance of Homo habilis....
), the macaques are the most widespread primate
Primate

A primate is a member of the biological order Primates , the group that contains lemurs, the Aye-aye, Lorisidaes, galagos, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes, with the last category including humans....
 genus, ranging from northern Africa
Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
 to Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
. Twenty-two macaque species are currently recognised, and they include some of the monkeys best known to non-zoologists, such as the Rhesus Macaque
Rhesus Macaque

The Rhesus Macaque , often called the Rhesus Monkey, is one of the best known species of Old World monkeys.Adult males measure approximately 53 centimeters on average and weigh an average of 7.7 kilograms....
 (as the Rhesus Monkey), Macaca mulatta, and the Barbary Macaque
Barbary Macaque

The Barbary Macaque is a macaque with only a stub of a tail. Found in the Atlas Mountains of Algeria and Morocco with a small, possibly Introduced species, population in Gibraltar, the Barbary Macaque is one of the best-known Old World monkey species....
 (as the Barbary Ape), M. sylvanus, a colony of which lives on the Rock of Gibraltar
Rock of Gibraltar

The Rock of Gibraltar is a monolithic limestone promontory located in Gibraltar, off the southwestern tip of Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is 426 metres high....
. Although several species lack tails, and their common names therefore refer to them as ape
Ape

An ape is any member of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates. In less scientific language, it has various meanings, although it often excludes humans....
s, these are true monkeys, with no greater relationship to the true apes than any other Old World monkeys.

Several species of macaque are used extensively in animal testing
Animal testing

Animal testing / animal experimentation is the use of non-human animals in Experiment. It is estimated that 50 to 100 million vertebrate animals worldwide — from zebrafish to non-human primates — are used annually....
.

In the late 1990s it was discovered that nearly all (about 90%) pet and captive macaques are carrier
Asymptomatic carrier

An asymptomatic carrier is a person or other organism that has contracted an infectious disease, but who displays no symptoms. Although unaffected by the disease themselves, carriers can transmit it to others....
s of the herpes B virus
Herpes B Virus

Herpes B virus is the endemic simplexvirus of macaque monkeys. B virus is an alphaherpesvirus, which consists of a subset of herpesviruses that travel within hosts using the peripheral nerves....
. This virus
Virus

A virus is a Optical microscope#Limitations of light microscopes infectious agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell . Viruses infect all cellular life....
 is harmless to macaques, but infections of humans, while rare, are potentially fatal. A 2005 University of Toronto
University of Toronto

The University of Toronto is a public university research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated a mile north of the city's Financial District, Toronto on grounds that surround Queen's Park ....
 study showed that urban performing macaques also carried simian foamy virus
Simian foamy virus

The simian foamy virus is a spumavirus closely related to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, the virus that can lead to AIDS. Its discovery in primates has led to some speculation that HIV may have been spread to the human species in Africa through contact with blood from apes, monkeys, and through hunting bushmeat....
, suggesting they could be involved in the species-to-species jump of similar retroviruses to humans.

Species list

Genus Macaca
  • M. sylvanus group
    • Barbary Macaque
      Barbary Macaque

      The Barbary Macaque is a macaque with only a stub of a tail. Found in the Atlas Mountains of Algeria and Morocco with a small, possibly Introduced species, population in Gibraltar, the Barbary Macaque is one of the best-known Old World monkey species....
      , Macaca sylvanus
  • M. nemestrina group
    • Lion-tailed Macaque
      Lion-tailed Macaque

      The Lion-tailed Macaque is an Old World monkey that lives only in the Western Ghats of South India....
      , Macaca silenus
    • Southern Pig-tailed Macaque
      Southern Pig-tailed Macaque

      The Southern Pig-tailed Macaque is a medium-sized Old World monkey found in the southern half of the Thai-Malay Peninsula , Borneo, Sumatra and Bangka Island....
       or Beruk, Macaca nemestrina
    • Northern Pig-tailed Macaque
      Northern Pig-tailed Macaque

      The Northern Pig-tailed Macaque is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam....
      , Macaca leonina
    • Pagai Island Macaque
      Pagai Island Macaque

      The Pagai Island Macaque , also known as the Pagai Macaque or Bokkoi, is an Old World monkey that is Endemism to the Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra....
      , Macaca pagensis
    • Siberut Macaque
      Siberut Macaque

      The Siberut Macaque is a Vulnerable species species of macaque, which is Endemism to Siberut Island in Indonesia. It was formerly considered conspecific with Macaca pagensis , but this arrangement is polyphyletic....
      , Macaca siberu
    • Moor Macaque
      Moor Macaque

      The Moor Macaque is an macaque with brown/black body fur with a pale rump patch and pink bare skin on the rump. It is about 50-58.5cm and eats figs, bamboo seeds, buds, sprouts, invertebrates and cereals in tropical rainforests....
      , Macaca maura
    • Booted Macaque
      Booted Macaque

      The Booted Macaque is a macaque of the Sulawesi island, Indonesia. This Old World monkey is diurnal animal and spends most of the day in the trees....
      , Macaca ochreata
    • Tonkean Macaque
      Tonkean Macaque

      The Tonkean Black Macaque or Tonkean Macaque is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is Endemism to central Sulawesi and the nearby Togian Islands in Indonesia. It is threatened by habitat loss....
      , Macaca tonkeana
    • Heck's Macaque
      Heck's Macaque

      Heck's Macaque is a macaque of the Sulawesi island, Indonesia. This Old World monkey is diurnal animal.Heck's Macaque feeds on fruits....
      , Macaca hecki
    • Gorontalo Macaque
      Gorontalo Macaque

      The Dumoga-bone Macaque or Gorontalo Macaque is a species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family.It is Endemism to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia....
      , Macaca nigriscens
    • Celebes Crested Macaque
      Celebes Crested Macaque

      The Celebes Crested Macaque , also known as the Crested Black Macaque, Sulawesi Crested Macaque, or the Black "Ape", is an Old World monkey that lives in the northeast of the Indonesian island of Sulawesi as well as on smaller neighboring islands....
      , Macaca nigra
  • M. fascicularis group
    • Crab-eating Macaque
      Crab-eating Macaque

      The Crab-eating Macaque is a primarily arboreal macaque native to Southeast Asia. It is also called the Cynomolgus Monkey, Philippine Monkey and the Long-tailed Macaque....
      , Macaca fascicularis
    • Stump-tailed Macaque
      Stump-tailed Macaque

      The Stump-tailed Macaque , also called the Bear Macaque, is a species of macaque found in Southern Asia. It is primarily Frugivore, with its diet mostly consisting of fruits....
      , Macaca arctoides
  • M. mulatta group
    • Rhesus Macaque
      Rhesus Macaque

      The Rhesus Macaque , often called the Rhesus Monkey, is one of the best known species of Old World monkeys.Adult males measure approximately 53 centimeters on average and weigh an average of 7.7 kilograms....
      , Macaca mulatta
    • Formosan Rock Macaque
      Formosan Rock Macaque

      The Formosan Rock Macaque is a macaque living in Taiwan and has been introduced to Japan. This Old World monkey is a diurnal animal.It is 40-55 cm long plus a tail of 26-45 cm and weighs 4-8 kg....
      , Macaca cyclopis
    • Japanese Macaque
      Japanese Macaque

      The Japanese Macaque , also known as the Snow Monkey, is a terrestrial Old World monkey species native to Japan, although an introduced free-ranging population has been living near Laredo, Texas since 1972....
      , Macaca fuscata
  • M. sinica group
    • Toque Macaque
      Toque Macaque

      The Toque Macaque is a reddish-brown coloured Old World monkey endemic to Sri Lanka, where it is locally known as the 'Rilewa' . It is named for the Toque shaped whorl of hair on its head, rather like the bonnet of the related Bonnet Macaque....
      , Macaca sinica
    • Bonnet Macaque
      Bonnet Macaque

      The Bonnet Macaque is a macaque endemic to southern India. Its distribution is limited by Indian Ocean on three sides and Godavari and Tapti River along with a related competing species of Rhesus Macaque in the north....
      , Macaca radiata
    • Assam Macaque
      Assam Macaque

      The Assam Macaque is a macaque lives throughout much of southern and southeast Asia, including India, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand and southern China....
      , Macaca assamensis
    • Tibetan Macaque
      Tibetan Macaque

      The Tibetan Macaque , also known as the Chinese Stump-tailed Macaque or Milne-Edwards' Macaque, is found from eastern Tibet east to Guangdong and north to Shaanxi in China and has recently been reported from north-eastern India....
      , Macaca thibetana
    • Arunachal Macaque
      Arunachal Macaque

      The Arunachal Macaque , a relatively large brown primate with a comparatively short tail, is a macaque native to Arunachal Pradesh in North-east India....
      , Macaca munzala


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