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The Lucca–Pisa railway (Italian

Italian language

Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...

: Ferrovia Lucca–Pisa) is a line that was built in 1846 connecting the Tuscan

Tuscany

Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.75 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence ....

 cities of Lucca

Lucca

Lucca is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, situated on the river Serchio in a fertile plainnear the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Lucca...

 and Pisa

Pisa

Pisa is a city in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the River Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa...

. At the time Lucca was in the Duchy of Lucca

Duchy of Lucca

The Duchy of Lucca was an Italian state existing from 1815 to 1847. It was centered on the city of Lucca.The Duchy was formed in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, out of the former Republic of Lucca and the Principality of Lucca and Piombino, which had been ruled by Elisa Bonaparte...

 and Pisa was in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Grand Duchy of Tuscany

The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was a central Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence...

; therefore it was an international railway, the first in the world, but it lost this status in the following year when the Duchy of Lucca was annexed by Tuscany. It is fully electrified

Railway electrification system

A railway electrification system supplies electrical energy to railway locomotives and multiple units as well as trams so that they can operate without having an on-board prime mover. There are several different electrification systems in use throughout the world...

 at 3,000 V DC

Direct current

Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through...

. Passenger traffic is managed by Trenitalia

Trenitalia

Trenitalia is the primary train operator in Italy. Trenitalia is owned by Ferrovie dello Stato, itself owned by the Italian Government. It was created in 2000 following the EU directive on the deregulation of rail transport.-Passenger transport:...

.

History

The development of a proposal in 1838 to construct a railway between Florence

Florence

Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....

 and Pisa

Pisa

Pisa is a city in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the River Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa...

 (which led to the building of the Leopolda railway between 1844 and 1848) inspired interest in Lucca in a railway to stimulate economic development. The Duke of Lucca

Charles II, Duke of Parma

Charles Louis of Bourbon-Parma was King of Etruria , Duke of Lucca , and Duke of Parma .-Early life and marriage:...

 agreed in 1841 to the formation of a railway company to construct a railway between Lucca and Pisa. Over half the route was in Grand Duchy of Tuscany, so its agreement was also necessary.

It was decided to build the line from a station just outside Lucca’s walls to a temporary station outside Pisa’s Porta a Lucca (the Lucca gate in Pisa’s wall), in order to avoid building a bridge over the Arno

Arno

The Arno is a river in the Tuscany region of Italy. It is the most important river of central Italy after the Tiber.- Source and route :The river originates on Mount Falterona in the Casentino area of the Apennines, and initially takes a southward curve...

 river. The terminus was subsequently moved to Porta Nuova where it became known as Pisa San Rossore station. The first 8km of the line were opened on 26 June 1846 between Lucca and Ripafratta. The line reached San Giuliano Terme

San Giuliano Terme

San Giuliano Terme is a comune in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 60 km west of Florence and about 7 km northeast of Pisa.- Main sights :...

 on 29 September and Pisa on 15 November 1846, when regular train services commenced.

From its earliest days it was not a profitable railway and was declared bankrupt in 1854 and an auction was arranged for 1858 to sell its assets. Meanwhile in pursued a merger with the Leopolda railway, which was finally achieved in 1859, creating the Strade Ferrate Livornesi (Livorno railway). This company was absorbed into the Società per le Strade Ferrate Romane

Società per le Strade Ferrate Romane

The Società per le strade ferrate romane was an Italian railway company from 1865 to 1885.The Società Generalle delle Strade Ferrate Romane was formed in 1860 from a merger of the Società Pio Centrale , builder of the Rome–Civitavecchia railway and the Società Pio Latina The Società per le strade...

 (Roman Railways) in 1865. The Lucca–Pisa line was taken over by the Adriatic Network

Società per le Strade Ferrate Meridionali

The Società per le Strade Ferrate Meridionali was an Italian railway company established in 1862. In 1885 it took the control of the so-called "Rete Adriatica"...

 during the reorganisation of 1885, giving it a connection from Bologna

Bologna

Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna, in the Po Valley of Northern Italy. The city lies between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, more specifically, between the Reno River and the Savena River. Bologna is a lively and cosmopolitan Italian college city, with spectacular history,...

 and Florence to Livorno

Livorno

Livorno , traditionally Leghorn , is a port city on the Tyrrhenian Sea on the western edge of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of approximately 160,000 residents in 2009.- History :...

 via Lucca and Pistoia

Pistoia

Pistoia is a city and comune in the Tuscany region of Italy, the capital of a province of the same name, located about 30 km west and north of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno.-History:...

. The competing Mediterranean Network

Società per le Strade Ferrate del Mediterraneo

The Società per le Strade Ferrate del Mediterraneo , normally known as the Rete Mediterranea , was an Italian railway company from 1885 to 1905....

, established at the same time, was assigned the route from Florence to Livorno via Empoli

Empoli

Empoli is a town and comune in Tuscany, Italy, about 20 km southwest of Florence, to the south of the Arno in a plain formed by the latter river. The plain has been usable for agriculture since Roman times. The commune's territory becomes a hilly one as it departs from the river...

 and Collesalvetti

Collesalvetti

Collesalvetti is a comune in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 km southwest of Florence, 20 km northeast of Livorno and only 16 km south from Pisa...

. Both networks became part of the national railways, Ferrovie dello Stato

Ferrovie dello Stato

Ferrovie dello Stato is a government-owned holding which manage infrastructure and service on the Italian rail network. The subsidiary Trenitalia is the main rail operator in Italy.-Organization:Ferrovie dello Stato subsidiaries are:...

, in 1905. The line was electrified in 1960 at 3,000 V DC.