List of people indicted by the International Criminal Court
Encyclopedia
The list of people who have been indicted in the International Criminal Court includes all individuals who have been indicted
on any counts of genocide
, crimes against humanity
, war crime
s, or contempt of the Court
by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court
(ICC) pursuant to the Rome Statute
. An individual is indicted when a Pre-Trial Chamber issues either an arrest warrant
or a summons
after it finds that "there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person has committed a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court". An arrest warrant is issued where it appears necessary "to ensure the person's appearance at trial, to ensure that the person does not obstruct or endanger the investigation or the court proceedings, or, where applicable, to prevent the person from continuing with the commission of that crime or a related crime which is within the jurisdiction of the Court and which arises out of the same circumstances". The Pre-Trial Chamber issues a summons if it is satisfied that a summons is sufficient to ensure the person's appearance. Individuals can only be charged with genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes. Although mentioned in the Statute, the Court cannot currently prosecute individuals for the "crime of aggression".
(DRC); Uganda
; the Central African Republic (CAR); Darfur, Sudan
(Darfur); the Republic of Kenya
(Kenya); the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Libya); and the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Côte d'Ivoire). The ICC has
The list below details the counts against each individual indicted in the Court and his or her current status. The column titled G lists the number of counts (if any) of the crime of genocide
with which an individual has been charged. CAH list the number of counts of crimes against humanity
and WC the number of counts of war crime
s. C lists the number of counts of contempt of the Court
and other offences against the administration of justice. Note that these are the counts with which an individual was indicted, not convicted. The column titled AW/S provides either a link to the arrest warrant (or arrest warrants) issued against or summons issued to the individual by the Court.
(JEM), a rebel group fighting in the Darfur conflict
against the Sudanese government. He is accused of leading JEM forces under his command (in conjunction with other rebel forces) in a raid on the Haskanita base
of the African Union Mission in Sudan
(AMIS) on 29 September 2007, in which 12 AMIS peacekeepers were killed and eight were seriously injured; the base was also extensively damaged. Abu Garda was accused of being criminally responsible for murder, pillaging, and "intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, materials, units and vehicles involved in a peacekeeping mission". Abu Garda first appeared before the Court, voluntarily, on 18 May 2009. On 8 February 2010 Pre-Trial Chamber I ruled that the charges against him would not be confirmed and all charges against him were dropped.
, is alleged to have conspired with Francis Muthaura
, an advisor of President Mwai Kibaki
, to order the police forces that he commanded to not intervene in stopping violence perpetrated by Mungiki
forces loyal to President Kibaki during post-election violence
from 27 December 2007 to 29 February 2008. Mungiki forces are alleged to have committed murders, deportations, rapes and other forms of sexual violence, persecutions, and other inhumane acts against civilians who were perceived to be loyal to the Orange Democratic Movement
(the political party of President Kibaki's rival) in the towns of Kibera
, Kisumu
, Naivasha
, and Nakuru
. Ali voluntarily appeared before the Court on 8 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against Muthaura and Uhuru Kenyatta
.
(JEM), a rebel group fighting in the Darfur conflict
against the Sudanese government. He is accused of leading JEM forces under his command (in conjunction with other rebel forces) in a raid on the Haskanita base
of the African Union Mission in Sudan
(AMIS) on 29 September 2007, in which 12 AMIS peacekeepers were killed and eight were seriously injured; the base was also extensively damaged. Banda is accused of ordering murders, pillaging, and "intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, materials, units and vehicles involved in a peacekeeping mission". Banda voluntarily appeared before the Court on 17 June 2010 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the case against Saleh Jerbo
.
(specifically from April 2003 to 14 July 2008), al-Bashir, from his position as President of Sudan, is accused of implementing a government policy that used the state apparatus (the military, police, security, and Janjaweed
forces) to attack Fur
, Masalit, and Zaghawa populations that were perceived to be sympathetic to rebel groups. Al-Bashir is accused of ordering the rape, murder, extermination, forcible transfer, and torture of civilians, as well as the pillaging of numerous villages and camps. Additionally, he is accused of intending to partially destroy the Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa ethnic groups by killings, "causing serious bodily or mental harm," and "deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction". The Court has issued two arrest warrants for al-Bashir and he is currently a fugitive. He is openly living in Sudan where he serves as President and as such Sudanese state policy has been to not co-operate with the Court. Since the warrants have been issued, al-Bashir has traveled to several other countries and has not been arrested. Among the counties he traveled to include Chad, Kenya, Djibouti, and Malawi which are states parties to the Rome Statute and were therefore obligated to have arrested him.
sought Bemba's assistance to fight off a rebellion led by François Bozizé
. Bemba was accused of allowing his troops to rape, torture, murder, and inhumanely treat civilians in and pillage the towns of Bangui
, Bossangoa
, Bossembélé
, Damara
, and Mongoumba
from 25 October 2002 to 15 March 2003. Bemba was arrested in Belgium on 24 May 2008 and transferred to the Court on 3 July 2008; his trial began on 22 November 2010 and is ongoing.
. He is alleged to have formulated a plan in response to the 2011 Tunisian
and Egyptian revolutions
whereby Libyan state security forces under his authority were ordered to use all means necessarily to quell public protests against his regime. From 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011 forces from government-organized militias, the national police, the Libyan Armed Forces, the Revolutionary Guard Corps, and other security services allegedly murdered hundreds of civilians and committed "inhuman acts that severely deprived the civilian population of its fundamental rights" in the cities of Ajdabiya
, Bayda, Benghazi
, Derna, Misrata, Tobruk
, and Tripoli
. Gaddafi was killed
in the Libyan city of Sirte
on 20 October 2011 and the Court terminated proceedings against him on 22 November 2011.
and Egyptian revolutions
that was implemented in the early weeks of the Libyan civil war
. From 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011 forces from government-organized militias, the national police, the Libyan Armed Forces, the Revolutionary Guard Corps, and other security services were alleged to have been ordered to use all means necessarily to quell public protests against Muammar Gaddafi's regime and allegedly murdered hundreds of civilians and committed "inhuman acts that severely deprived the civilian population of its fundamental rights" in the cities of Ajdabiya
, Bayda, Benghazi
, Derna, Misrata, Tobruk
, and Tripoli
. Saif al-Islam Gaddafi was arrested on 19 November 2011 near the Libyan town of Ubari
. He has not yet been transferred to the Court.
that began on 28 November 2010. National security forces, the armed forces, militias, and mercenaries under the command of Gbagbo are alleged to have murdered, raped, persecuted, and inhumanly treated civilians who were perceived to be supporters of Alassane Ouattara
, Gbagbo opponent in the 2010 presidential election. According to the arrest warrant for Gbagbo, the crimes occurred in and around Abidjan
, including the vicinity of the Golf Hotel, and in the western part of the country from 16 December 2010 to 12 April 2011. Gbagbo was arrested by Ivorian forces loyal to Ouattara in the presidential residence on 11 April 2011. On 29 November 2011 Gbagbo was transferred to the Court and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage.
forces in the Darfur region while he was Minister of State for the Interior from April 2003 to September 2005 during the Darfur conflict
. These forces were allegedly aided and encouraged by Haroun to attack Fur
civilian populations, specifically the towns of Kodoom, Bindisi, Mukjar, Arawala, and their surrounding areas. Civilian populations were subject to persecution, murder, forcible transfer, rape, imprisonment, torture, sexual abuse, and other inhumane acts. Additionally, property was allegedly destroyed and the towns were pillaged. Since his indictment, Haroun has continued to play an active role in the Sudanese government, which has refused to co-operate with the Court. He served as Sudan's Minister of State for Humanitarian Affairs until May 2009 when he was appointed Governor of South Kordofan.
(SLM/A), a rebel group fighting in the Darfur conflict
against the Sudanese government. He is accused of leading SLM/A forces under his command (in conjunction with other rebel forces) in a raid on the Haskanita base
of the African Union Mission in Sudan
(AMIS) on 29 September 2007, in which 12 AMIS peacekeepers were killed and eight were seriously injured; the base was also extensively damaged. Jerbo is accused of ordering murders, pillaging, and "intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, materials, units and vehicles involved in a peacekeeping mission". Jerbo voluntarily appeared before the Court on 17 June 2010 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the case against Abdallah Banda
.
. On and around 23 February 2003, he is alleged to have led his forces into the village of Bogoro
and ordered them to indiscriminately attack its civilian population in co-ordination with another armed group, the Nationalist and Integrationist Front
(FNI). The attack resulted in 200 civilian deaths. Katanga is accused of ordering his forces to attack, murder, sexually enslave, and inhumanely treat the civilians in and around Bogoro. He is also accused of pillaging the village and using children to participate in the attack. Katanga was arrested by Congolese authorities on 1 March 2005 in connection with an attack that killed nine UN peacekeepers. After an international warrant for his arrest was issued, Katanga was transferred to the ICC on 17 October 2007. His trial began on 24 November 2009 in conjunction with Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui's and is ongoing.
, is alleged to have planned, financed, and coordinated the violence perpetrated against the perceived supporters of the President's rival during post-election violence
from 27 December 2007 to 29 February 2008. Kenyatta is alleged to have "had control over the Mungiki
organization" and directed it to attack civilians who were perceived to be loyal to the Orange Democratic Movement
(ODM), the political party of the President's rival. Kenyatta voluntarily appeared before the Court on 8 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against Mohammed Ali
and Francis Muthaura
.
(LRA), an armed group which has been waging a guerrilla campaign since 1987 against the Ugandan government. According to the arrest warrant issued for him, since 1 July 2002 "the LRA has engaged in a cycle of violence and established a pattern of 'brutalization of civilians' by acts including murder, abduction, sexual enslavement, mutilation, as well as mass burnings of houses and looting of camp settlements" and furthermore "that abducted civilians, including children, are said to have been forcibly 'recruited' as fighters, porters and sex slaves to serve the LRA and to contribute to attacks against the Ugandan army and civilian communities". Kony is currently at large and his whereabouts are unknown, although he is suspected to be in either Uganda or neighboring countries.
(ODM) during post-election violence
in December 2007 and January 2008. At the time Kosgey was also Chairman of the ODM, which was the political party of presidential candidate Raila Odinga
. Kosgey, as a top leader in the ad hoc Kalenjin organization, directed Kalenjin youths to target civilians of the Kikuyu, Kamba, and Kisii
ethnic groups, which were perceived to be supporters of the Party of National Unity
, the political party of Odinga's opponent during the election. Kosgey is alleged to be criminally responsible for the murder, deportation, torture, and persecution of civilians in the towns of Kapsabet
, Nandi Hills
, Turbo, and the greater Eldoret
area. Kosgey first appeared before the Court, voluntarily, on 7 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against William Ruto
and Joshua Sang
.
" who commanded thousands of Janjaweed
forces in the Darfur region from August 2003 to March 2004 during the Darfur conflict
. Furthermore, it is alleged that he was the mediator between the Sudanese government and the Janjaweed and that he implemented the government's policy in the region of Darfur and that in so doing ordered attacks on civilian populations. Kushayb is alleged to have personally participated in the attack of the towns of Arawala, Bindisi, Kodoom, and Mukjar. These attacks allegedly resulted in the persecution, murder, forcible transfer, rape, imprisonment, torture, sexual violence, and inhumane treatment of civilians, as well as the destruction of property and pillaging of villages. The Sudanese government has refused to co-operate with the Court and to execute the warrant of arrest for Kushayb. However, in October 2008 it was reported that Kushayb was arrested by Sudanese officials in connection to war crimes allegedly committed in Darfur. Despite the arrest, no evidence of any further proceedings has emerged. It is also not clear if Kushayb is in detention and his whereabouts are not publicly known.
(UCP), a rebel movement in the northeast part of the DRC, as well as the founding commander-in-chief of the UCP's armed wing, the Patriotic Force for the Liberation of the Congo (FPLC). From July 2002 to December 2003, the UCP and the FPLC allegedly fought in the Ituri conflict
under the command of Lubanga Dyilo. Lubanga Dyilo is accused of conscripting and enlisting children to the FPLC and of using them "to participate actively in hostilities". Lubanga Dyilo was arrested on 19 March 2005 by Congolese authorities after allegedly ordering an attack on UN peacekeepers; following the indictment in 2006 and the subsequent arrest warrant, Congolese authorities surrendered Lubanga Dyilo to the Court on 16 March 2006. On 26 January 2009 Lubanga Dyilo's trial began at the Court and is currently ongoing.
(LRA), an armed group which has been wagging a guerrilla campaign since 1987 against the Ugandan government. According to the arrest warrant issued for him, sometime after 1 July 2002 (the date the Rome Statute entered into force) he allegedly ordered his forces to carry out attacks against internally displaced person
camps which were pillaged and resulted in attacks on, enslavement of and cruel treatment of civilians. On 12 August 2006 the Ugandan military killed Lukwiya in an battle with LRA forces. Following the confirmation of his death, the Court terminated proceedings against Lukwiya on 11 July 2007.
(FDLR), a Hutu Power
rebel group fighting in the Kivu conflict
, since July 2007 and the de facto President since November 2009. Since January 2009 Mbarushimana is accused of commanding FDLR troops that have attacked civilians in 11 different villages in the North and South Kivu Provinces in the eastern DRC. These attacks are alleged of resulting in the destruction of property and the murder, torture, rape, inhumane treatment, and persecution of civilians. Mbarushimana was arrested in France on 11 October 2010 and transferred to the Court on 25 January 2011; his case is currently in the pre-trial stage.
, he is alleged to have planned, financed, and coordinated the violent response against the supporters of the President's rival during post-election violence
from 27 December 2007 to 29 February 2008. Specifically, Muthaura is alleged to have directed and paid Mungiki
forces loyal to the President to attack civilians who were perceived to be loyal to the Orange Democratic Movement
(ODM) (the political party of the President's rival) and instructed Mohammed Ali
, the Commissioner of the Kenya Police
, to not intervene against Mungiki forces. Mungiki forces are alleged to have committed murders, deportations, rapes and other forms of sexual violence, persecutions, and other inhumane acts against civilians who were perceived to be loyal to the ODM in the towns of Kibera
, Kisumu
, Naivasha
, and Nakuru
. Muthaura voluntarily appeared before the Court on 8 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against Mohammed Ali
and Uhuru Kenyatta
.
(FNI), an armed group involved in the Ituri conflict
. On and around 23 February 2003, he is alleged to have led his forces into the village of Bogoro
and ordered them to indiscriminately attack its civilian population in co-ordination with another armed group, the Front for Patriotic Resistance in Ituri (FRPI). The attack resulted in 200 civilian deaths. Ngudjolo Chui is accused of ordering his forces to attack, murder, sexually enslave, and inhumanely treat the civilians in and around Bogoro. He is also accused of pillaging the village and using children to participate in the attack. After the Court issued an arrest warrant Ngudjolo Chui was detained on 6 February 2008 by Congolese authorities and transferred to the Court the next day. His trial began on 24 November 2009 in conjunction with Germain Katanga
's and is ongoing.
(UCP), a rebel movement in the northeast part of the DRC, that fought in the Ituri conflict
. From July 2002 to December 2003, Ntaganda is alleged to have ordered FPLC troops to conscript and enlist children to the FPLC and UCP, and of using them "to participate actively in hostilities". Since being indicted, Ntaganda has become a general in the Congolese armed forces and (despite the fact that there is an international warrant for his arrest) still lives openly in the Kivu
region of the eastern DRC.
(LRA), an armed group which has been wagging a guerrilla campaign since 1987 against the Ugandan government. Additionally, he was also a military commander and sometime after 1 July 2002 (the date the Rome Statute entered into force) he allegedly issued "standing orders to attack and brutalise civilian populations". These attacks on civilian populations allegedly resulted in murder, pillaging of camps, enslavement, and the forcible conscription of children. Odhiambo is currently at large as a fugitive, presumably in Uganda or a neighboring country. In 2009 he told Agence France-Presse
that he had defected from the LRA, but would only surrender if there was a guarantee that he would not be turned over to the Court.
(LRA), an armed group which has been wagging a guerrilla campaign since 1987 against the Ugandan government. Sometime after 1 July 2002 (the date the Rome Statute entered into force) he allegedly issued orders to his forces to attack civilian populations which resulted in pillaging, murder, enslavement, cruel treatment, and other inhumane acts. Ongwen is currently a fugitive and is suspected to be in Uganda or a neighboring country.
(LRA), an armed group which has been wagging a guerrilla campaign since 1987 against the Ugandan government. Sometime after 1 July 2002 (the date the Rome Statute entered into force) he allegedly issued orders to attack civilian populations. These attacks allegedly resulted in sexual enslavement, rape, forcible conscription of children into the LRA, enslavement, cruel treatment, murders, pillaging of camps, and other inhumane acts. In December 2007, BBC News
reported that on 2 October 2007 Otti had been executed on orders from Joseph Kony, the commander-in-chief of the LRA. Kony later confirmed that Otti was dead to Riek Machar
, a mediator between the Ugandan government and the LRA. Because Otti's death has not been independently verified, the Court still considers him to be at large as a fugitive and proceedings against him are ongoing.
(ODM), the political party of presidential candidate Raila Odinga
, during post-election violence
in December 2007 and January 2008. Ruto, as the a top leader in the ad hoc Kalenjin organization, directed Kalenjin youths to target civilians of the Kikuyu, Kamba, and Kisii
ethnic groups, which were perceived to be supporters of the Party of National Unity
, the political party of Odinga's opponent during the election. Ruto is alleged to be criminally responsible for the murder, deportation, torture, and persecution of civilians in the towns of Kapsabet
, Nandi Hills
, Turbo, the greater Eldoret
area. Ruto first appeared before the Court, voluntarily, on 7 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against Henry Kosgey and Joshua Sang
.
(ODM), the political party of presidential candidate Raila Odinga
, during post-election violence
in December 2007 and January 2008. As a broadcaster for the Kass FM radio station, Sang incited Kalenjin youths to target civilians of the Kikuyu, Kamba, and Kisii
ethnic groups, which were perceived to be supporters of the Party of National Unity
, the political party of Odinga's opponent during the election. He is alleged to be indirectly responsible for indirectly for the murder, deportation, torture, and persecution of civilians in the towns of Kapsabet
, Nandi Hills
, Turbo, the greater Eldoret
area. Sang first appeared before the Court, voluntarily, on 7 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against William Ruto
and Joshua Sang
.
and Egyptian revolutions
whereby Libyan state security forces under his authority were ordered to use all means necessarily to quell public protests against his regime. The plan was later implemented in the early weeks of the 2011 Libyan civil war
. From 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011 forces from government-organized militias, the national police, the Libyan Armed Forces, the Revolutionary Guard Corps, and other security services allegedly murdered hundreds of civilians and committed "inhuman acts that severely deprived the civilian population of its fundamental rights" in the cities of Ajdabiya
, Bayda, Benghazi
, Derna, Misrata, Tobruk
, and Tripoli
. Furthermore Senussi commanded forces in and around Benghazi and "directly instructed the troops to attack civilians demonstrating in the city". Senussi was arrested in the Libyan town of Sabha on 20 November 2011. He has not yet been transferred to the Court.
Indictment
An indictment , in the common-law legal system, is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime. In jurisdictions that maintain the concept of felonies, the serious criminal offence is a felony; jurisdictions that lack the concept of felonies often use that of an indictable offence—an...
on any counts of genocide
Genocide
Genocide is defined as "the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group", though what constitutes enough of a "part" to qualify as genocide has been subject to much debate by legal scholars...
, crimes against humanity
Crime against humanity
Crimes against humanity, as defined by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Explanatory Memorandum, "are particularly odious offenses in that they constitute a serious attack on human dignity or grave humiliation or a degradation of one or more human beings...
, war crime
War crime
War crimes are serious violations of the laws applicable in armed conflict giving rise to individual criminal responsibility...
s, or contempt of the Court
Contempt of court
Contempt of court is a court order which, in the context of a court trial or hearing, declares a person or organization to have disobeyed or been disrespectful of the court's authority...
by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court
International Criminal Court
The International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression .It came into being on 1 July 2002—the date its founding treaty, the Rome Statute of the...
(ICC) pursuant to the Rome Statute
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court is the treaty that established the International Criminal Court . It was adopted at a diplomatic conference in Rome on 17 July 1998 and it entered into force on 1 July 2002. As of 13 October 2011, 119 states are party to the statute...
. An individual is indicted when a Pre-Trial Chamber issues either an arrest warrant
Arrest warrant
An arrest warrant is a warrant issued by and on behalf of the state, which authorizes the arrest and detention of an individual.-Canada:Arrest warrants are issued by a judge or justice of the peace under the Criminal Code of Canada....
or a summons
Summons
Legally, a summons is a legal document issued by a court or by an administrative agency of government for various purposes.-Judicial summons:...
after it finds that "there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person has committed a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court". An arrest warrant is issued where it appears necessary "to ensure the person's appearance at trial, to ensure that the person does not obstruct or endanger the investigation or the court proceedings, or, where applicable, to prevent the person from continuing with the commission of that crime or a related crime which is within the jurisdiction of the Court and which arises out of the same circumstances". The Pre-Trial Chamber issues a summons if it is satisfied that a summons is sufficient to ensure the person's appearance. Individuals can only be charged with genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes. Although mentioned in the Statute, the Court cannot currently prosecute individuals for the "crime of aggression".
Overview
To date, the ICC has opened investigations into seven situations in: the Democratic Republic of the CongoInternational Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into crimes committed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Second Congo War...
(DRC); Uganda
International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda
The International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda or the situation in Uganda is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency which has been taking place in northern Uganda and neighbouring regions since 1987...
; the Central African Republic (CAR); Darfur, Sudan
International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan
The International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan or the situation in Darfur, Sudan is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into criminal acts committed during the War in Darfur...
(Darfur); the Republic of Kenya
International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya
The International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya or the situation in the Republic of Kenya is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the events surrounding the 2007–2008 post-election violence in Kenya...
(Kenya); the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Libya); and the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Côte d'Ivoire). The ICC has
The list below details the counts against each individual indicted in the Court and his or her current status. The column titled G lists the number of counts (if any) of the crime of genocide
Genocide
Genocide is defined as "the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group", though what constitutes enough of a "part" to qualify as genocide has been subject to much debate by legal scholars...
with which an individual has been charged. CAH list the number of counts of crimes against humanity
Crime against humanity
Crimes against humanity, as defined by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Explanatory Memorandum, "are particularly odious offenses in that they constitute a serious attack on human dignity or grave humiliation or a degradation of one or more human beings...
and WC the number of counts of war crime
War crime
War crimes are serious violations of the laws applicable in armed conflict giving rise to individual criminal responsibility...
s. C lists the number of counts of contempt of the Court
Contempt of court
Contempt of court is a court order which, in the context of a court trial or hearing, declares a person or organization to have disobeyed or been disrespectful of the court's authority...
and other offences against the administration of justice. Note that these are the counts with which an individual was indicted, not convicted. The column titled AW/S provides either a link to the arrest warrant (or arrest warrants) issued against or summons issued to the individual by the Court.
| Name | Situation | Indicted | Transferred to the ICC |
Current status | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uganda International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda The International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda or the situation in Uganda is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency which has been taking place in northern Uganda and neighbouring regions since 1987... |
— | 12 | 21 | — | Fugitive | ||||
| Uganda International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda The International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda or the situation in Uganda is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency which has been taking place in northern Uganda and neighbouring regions since 1987... |
— | 1 | 3 | — | Died on ; proceedings terminated on | ||||
| Uganda International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda The International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda or the situation in Uganda is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency which has been taking place in northern Uganda and neighbouring regions since 1987... |
— | 3 | 7 | — | Fugitive | ||||
| Uganda International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda The International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda or the situation in Uganda is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency which has been taking place in northern Uganda and neighbouring regions since 1987... |
— | 3 | 4 | — | Fugitive | ||||
| Uganda International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda The International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda or the situation in Uganda is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency which has been taking place in northern Uganda and neighbouring regions since 1987... |
— | 11 | 21 | — | Fugitive; reported to have died on | ||||
| DRC International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo The International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into crimes committed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Second Congo War... |
— | — | 3 | — | Trial began on | ||||
| DRC International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo The International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into crimes committed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Second Congo War... |
— | — | 3 | — | Fugitive | ||||
| Darfur International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan The International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan or the situation in Darfur, Sudan is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into criminal acts committed during the War in Darfur... |
— | 20 | 22 | — | Fugitive | ||||
| Darfur International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan The International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan or the situation in Darfur, Sudan is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into criminal acts committed during the War in Darfur... |
— | 22 | 28 | — | Fugitive | ||||
| DRC International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo The International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into crimes committed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Second Congo War... |
— | 3 | 6 | — | Trial began on | ||||
| DRC International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo The International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into crimes committed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Second Congo War... |
— | 3 | 6 | — | Trial began on | ||||
| CAR | — | 3 | 5 | — | Trial began on | ||||
| Darfur International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan The International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan or the situation in Darfur, Sudan is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into criminal acts committed during the War in Darfur... |
3 | 5 | 2 | — | Fugitive | ||||
| Darfur International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan The International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan or the situation in Darfur, Sudan is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into criminal acts committed during the War in Darfur... |
— | — | 3 | — | Appeared voluntarily | Charges dismissed on | |||
| Darfur International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan The International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan or the situation in Darfur, Sudan is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into criminal acts committed during the War in Darfur... |
— | — | 3 | — | Appeared voluntarily | Case in pre-trial stage | |||
| Darfur International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan The International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur, Sudan or the situation in Darfur, Sudan is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into criminal acts committed during the War in Darfur... |
— | — | 3 | — | Appeared voluntarily | Case in pre-trial stage | |||
| DRC International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo The International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into crimes committed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Second Congo War... |
— | 5 | 6 | — | Case in pre-trial stage | ||||
| Kenya International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya The International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya or the situation in the Republic of Kenya is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the events surrounding the 2007–2008 post-election violence in Kenya... |
— | 5 | — | — | Appeared voluntarily | Case in pre-trial stage | |||
| Kenya International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya The International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya or the situation in the Republic of Kenya is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the events surrounding the 2007–2008 post-election violence in Kenya... |
— | 5 | — | — | Appeared voluntarily | Case in pre-trial stage | |||
| Kenya International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya The International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya or the situation in the Republic of Kenya is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the events surrounding the 2007–2008 post-election violence in Kenya... |
— | 4 | — | — | Appeared voluntarily | Case in pre-trial stage | |||
| Kenya International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya The International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya or the situation in the Republic of Kenya is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the events surrounding the 2007–2008 post-election violence in Kenya... |
— | 5 | — | — | Appeared voluntarily | Case in pre-trial stage | |||
| Kenya International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya The International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya or the situation in the Republic of Kenya is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the events surrounding the 2007–2008 post-election violence in Kenya... |
— | 4 | — | — | Appeared voluntarily | Case in pre-trial stage | |||
| Kenya International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya The International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya or the situation in the Republic of Kenya is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court into the events surrounding the 2007–2008 post-election violence in Kenya... |
— | 4 | — | — | Appeared voluntarily | Case in pre-trial stage | |||
| Libya | — | 2 | — | — | Died on ; proceedings terminated on | ||||
| Libya | — | 2 | — | — | Arrested in Libya on | ||||
| Libya | — | 2 | — | — | Arrested in Libya on | ||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | — | 4 | — | — | Case in pre-trial stage |
Bahr Abu Garda
Bahr Abu Garda was indicted on 7 May 2009 with three counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in Darfur, Sudan. Abu Garda was alleged to have been a commander of a splinter group of the Justice and Equality MovementJustice and Equality Movement
The Justice and Equality Movement is a rebel group involved in the Darfur conflict of Sudan, led by Khalil Ibrahim. Along with other rebel groups, such as the Sudan Liberation Movement , they are fighting against the Sudanese Government, including the government's proxy militia, the Janjaweed...
(JEM), a rebel group fighting in the Darfur conflict
War in Darfur
The Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...
against the Sudanese government. He is accused of leading JEM forces under his command (in conjunction with other rebel forces) in a raid on the Haskanita base
Haskanita raids
The Haskanita raids was an attack on African Union peacekeepers by rebel groups during the Darfur conflict. The attacks took place on 30 September and early October 2007 near the town of Haskanita in South Darfur...
of the African Union Mission in Sudan
African Union Mission in Sudan
The African Union Mission in Sudan was an African Union peacekeeping force operating primarily in the country's western region of Darfur with the aim of performing peacekeeping operations related to the Darfur conflict. Originally founded in 2004, with a force of 150 troops, by mid-2005, its...
(AMIS) on 29 September 2007, in which 12 AMIS peacekeepers were killed and eight were seriously injured; the base was also extensively damaged. Abu Garda was accused of being criminally responsible for murder, pillaging, and "intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, materials, units and vehicles involved in a peacekeeping mission". Abu Garda first appeared before the Court, voluntarily, on 18 May 2009. On 8 February 2010 Pre-Trial Chamber I ruled that the charges against him would not be confirmed and all charges against him were dropped.
Mohammed Ali
Mohammed Ali was indicted on 8 March 2011 with five counts of crimes against humanity with regard to the situation in the Republic of Kenya. Ali, who at the time was the Commissioner of the Kenya PoliceKenya Police
The Kenya Police is a national body in charge of law enforcement in the East Africa State of Kenya. While organised at a national level, each arm reports to a Provincial police authority, which in turn divides its force by local Police Divisions, headquartered at local police stations...
, is alleged to have conspired with Francis Muthaura
Francis Muthaura
Francis Kirimi Muthaura is a prominent Kenyan civil servant. Muthaura is a close ally of President Mwai Kibaki. He is the Head of Civil Service and Secretary to the Cabinet....
, an advisor of President Mwai Kibaki
Mwai Kibaki
Mwai Kibaki is the current and third President of the republic of Kenya.Kibaki was previously Vice President of Kenya for ten years from 1978–1988 and also held cabinet ministerial positions, including a widely acclaimed stint as Minister for Finance , Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for...
, to order the police forces that he commanded to not intervene in stopping violence perpetrated by Mungiki
Mungiki
Mungiki is a politico-religious group and a banned criminal organization in Kenya. The name means "A united people" or "multitude" in the Kikuyu language. The religion, which apparently originated in the late 1980s, is secretive and bears some similarity to mystery religions. Specifics of their...
forces loyal to President Kibaki during post-election violence
2007–2008 Kenyan crisis
The 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis refers to a political, economic, and humanitarian crisis that erupted in Kenya after incumbent President Mwai Kibaki was declared the winner of the presidential election held on December 27, 2007. Supporters of Kibaki's opponent, Raila Odinga of the Orange Democratic...
from 27 December 2007 to 29 February 2008. Mungiki forces are alleged to have committed murders, deportations, rapes and other forms of sexual violence, persecutions, and other inhumane acts against civilians who were perceived to be loyal to the Orange Democratic Movement
Orange Democratic Movement
Orange Democratic Movement refers to a political party in Kenya, which is the successor of a former grassroots people's movement which was formed in the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum. The erstwhile single party which separated in August 2007 into two...
(the political party of President Kibaki's rival) in the towns of Kibera
Kibera
Kibera is a division of Nairobi Area, Kenya, and neighbourhood of the city of Nairobi, located from the city centre. Kibera is the largest slum in Nairobi, and the second largest urban slum in Africa...
, Kisumu
Kisumu
Kisumu is a port city in western Kenya at , with a population of 355,024 . It is the third largest city in Kenya, the principal city of western Kenya, the immediate former capital of Nyanza Province and the headquarters of Kisumu County. It has a municipal charter but no city charter...
, Naivasha
Naivasha
Naivasha is a market town in Rift Valley Province, Kenya, lying north west of Nairobi. It is located on the shore of Lake Naivasha and along the Nairobi - Nakuru highway and Uganda Railway.Naivasha is part of the Nakuru District...
, and Nakuru
Nakuru
Nakuru, the provincial capital of Kenya's Rift Valley province, with roughly 300,000 inhabitants, and currently the fourth largest urban centre in the country, lies about 1850 m above sea level...
. Ali voluntarily appeared before the Court on 8 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against Muthaura and Uhuru Kenyatta
Uhuru Kenyatta
Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta is a Kenyan politician, currently serving as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister for Finance and MP for Gatundu South Constituency. He is the Chairman of Kenya African National Union , the former ruling party, which is currently part of the Party of National Unity...
.
Abdallah Banda
Abdallah Banda was indicted on 27 August 2009 with three counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in Darfur, Sudan. Banda is alleged to have been a commander of a splinter group of the Justice and Equality MovementJustice and Equality Movement
The Justice and Equality Movement is a rebel group involved in the Darfur conflict of Sudan, led by Khalil Ibrahim. Along with other rebel groups, such as the Sudan Liberation Movement , they are fighting against the Sudanese Government, including the government's proxy militia, the Janjaweed...
(JEM), a rebel group fighting in the Darfur conflict
War in Darfur
The Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...
against the Sudanese government. He is accused of leading JEM forces under his command (in conjunction with other rebel forces) in a raid on the Haskanita base
Haskanita raids
The Haskanita raids was an attack on African Union peacekeepers by rebel groups during the Darfur conflict. The attacks took place on 30 September and early October 2007 near the town of Haskanita in South Darfur...
of the African Union Mission in Sudan
African Union Mission in Sudan
The African Union Mission in Sudan was an African Union peacekeeping force operating primarily in the country's western region of Darfur with the aim of performing peacekeeping operations related to the Darfur conflict. Originally founded in 2004, with a force of 150 troops, by mid-2005, its...
(AMIS) on 29 September 2007, in which 12 AMIS peacekeepers were killed and eight were seriously injured; the base was also extensively damaged. Banda is accused of ordering murders, pillaging, and "intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, materials, units and vehicles involved in a peacekeeping mission". Banda voluntarily appeared before the Court on 17 June 2010 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the case against Saleh Jerbo
Saleh Jerbo
Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus, commonly referred to as Saleh Jerbo, was the Chief-of-Staff of the SLA-Unity. He is waiting for his trial before the International Criminal Court where he will be tried, together with Abdallah Banda, for three counts of war crimes allegedly committed during the Haskanita...
.
Omar al-Bashir
Omar al-Bashir was indicted on 4 March 2009 with five counts of crimes against humanity and two counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in Darfur, Sudan. On 12 July 2010 he was additionally charged with three counts of genocide. During the Darfur conflictWar in Darfur
The Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...
(specifically from April 2003 to 14 July 2008), al-Bashir, from his position as President of Sudan, is accused of implementing a government policy that used the state apparatus (the military, police, security, and Janjaweed
Janjaweed
The Janjaweed is a blanket term used to describe mostly gunmen in Darfur, western Sudan, and now eastern Chad...
forces) to attack Fur
Fur people
The Fur are an ethnic group from western Sudan, principally inhabiting the region of Darfur where they are the largest tribe....
, Masalit, and Zaghawa populations that were perceived to be sympathetic to rebel groups. Al-Bashir is accused of ordering the rape, murder, extermination, forcible transfer, and torture of civilians, as well as the pillaging of numerous villages and camps. Additionally, he is accused of intending to partially destroy the Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa ethnic groups by killings, "causing serious bodily or mental harm," and "deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction". The Court has issued two arrest warrants for al-Bashir and he is currently a fugitive. He is openly living in Sudan where he serves as President and as such Sudanese state policy has been to not co-operate with the Court. Since the warrants have been issued, al-Bashir has traveled to several other countries and has not been arrested. Among the counties he traveled to include Chad, Kenya, Djibouti, and Malawi which are states parties to the Rome Statute and were therefore obligated to have arrested him.
Jean-Pierre Bemba
Jean-Pierre Bemba was indicted on 23 May 2008 on two counts of crimes against humanity and four counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in the Central African Republic (CAR). On 10 June 2008, the arrest warrant was replaced with an amended version that charged Bemba with three counts of crimes against humanity and five counts of war crimes. Later on 15 June 2009, Pre-Trial Chamber II found that Bemba would only be tried for two counts of crimes against humanity and three counts of war crimes. Bemba is alleged to have led the Movement for the Liberation of the Congo (MLC), a Congolese rebel movement, into the CAR after Central African President Ange-Félix PatasséAnge-Félix Patassé
Ange-Félix Patassé was a Central African politician who was President of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003, when he was deposed by the rebel leader François Bozizé...
sought Bemba's assistance to fight off a rebellion led by François Bozizé
François Bozizé
François Bozizé Yangouvonda is the President of the Central African Republic. He came to power in March 2003 after leading a rebellion against President Ange-Félix Patassé and ushered in a transitional period of government...
. Bemba was accused of allowing his troops to rape, torture, murder, and inhumanely treat civilians in and pillage the towns of Bangui
Bangui
-Law and government:Bangui is an autonomous commune of the Central African Republic. With an area of 67 km², it is by far the smallest high-level administrative division of the CAR in area but the highest in population...
, Bossangoa
Bossangoa
Bossangoa is the capital of Ouham, one of the 14 prefectures of the Central African Republic. The town has a population of 36,478 . It is located 303 km north of the country's capital, Bangui...
, Bossembélé
Bossembélé
Bossembélé is a small town in Yaloke-Bossembele, in the Ombella-M'Poko Prefecture of the Central African Republic, lying 157 miles north west of Bangui on the main road to Cameroon. It is known for its market and its nightlife and is home to a cinema and an airstrip. The Lambi Falls lie near the...
, Damara
Damara, Central African Republic
Damara is a town located in the Central African Republic prefecture of Ombella-M'Poko....
, and Mongoumba
Mongoumba
Mongoumba is a town located in the Central African Republic prefecture of Lobaye....
from 25 October 2002 to 15 March 2003. Bemba was arrested in Belgium on 24 May 2008 and transferred to the Court on 3 July 2008; his trial began on 22 November 2010 and is ongoing.
Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Gaddafi was indicted on 27 June 2011 on two counts of crimes against humanity with regard to the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. As the Leader of the Revolution (head of state) and Commander of the Armed Forces of Libya he is alleged to have planned, in conjunction with his inner circle, a policy of violent oppression of popular uprisings in the early weeks of the Libyan civil war2011 Libyan civil war
The 2011 Libyan civil war was an armed conflict in the North African state of Libya, fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and those seeking to oust his government. The war was preceded by protests in Benghazi beginning on 15 February 2011, which led to clashes with security...
. He is alleged to have formulated a plan in response to the 2011 Tunisian
Tunisian revolution
The Tunisian Revolution is an intensive campaign of civil resistance, including a series of street demonstrations taking place in Tunisia. The events began in December 2010 and led to the ousting of longtime President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011...
and Egyptian revolutions
2011 Egyptian revolution
The 2011 Egyptian revolution took place following a popular uprising that began on Tuesday, 25 January 2011 and is still continuing as of November 2011. The uprising was mainly a campaign of non-violent civil resistance, which featured a series of demonstrations, marches, acts of civil...
whereby Libyan state security forces under his authority were ordered to use all means necessarily to quell public protests against his regime. From 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011 forces from government-organized militias, the national police, the Libyan Armed Forces, the Revolutionary Guard Corps, and other security services allegedly murdered hundreds of civilians and committed "inhuman acts that severely deprived the civilian population of its fundamental rights" in the cities of Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya was one of the districts of Libya. It lay in the northeastern part of the country. Its capital was Ajdabiya. As of 2007 it was subsumed within the enlarged Al Wahat District....
, Bayda, Benghazi
Benghazi
Benghazi is the second largest city in Libya, the main city of the Cyrenaica region , and the former provisional capital of the National Transitional Council. The wider metropolitan area is also a district of Libya...
, Derna, Misrata, Tobruk
Tobruk
Tobruk or Tubruq is a city, seaport, and peninsula on Libya's eastern Mediterranean coast, near the border with Egypt. It is the capital of the Butnan District and has a population of 120,000 ....
, and Tripoli
Tripoli
Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three...
. Gaddafi was killed
Death of Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Gaddafi, the deposed leader of Libya, died on 20 October 2011 during the 2011 Libyan civil war. Gaddafi was captured alive after his convoy was attacked by NATO warplanes as Sirte fell on 20 October 2011. He was then beaten and killed by NTC forces...
in the Libyan city of Sirte
Sirte
Sirte is a city in LibyaSirte may also refer to:* Sirte Declaration, a 1999 resolution to create the African Union* Sirte Oil Company, a Libyan oil companyIn geography:* Gulf of Sirte, alias for Gulf of Sidra on Libya's coast...
on 20 October 2011 and the Court terminated proceedings against him on 22 November 2011.
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi was indicted on 27 June 2011 on two counts of crimes against humanity with regard to the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Although not an official member of the Libyan government, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi is alleged to be the de facto prime minister and is the "unspoken successor and the most influential person" to Muammar Gaddafi, the head of state. Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, in conjunction with Muammar Gaddafi and his inner circle, is alleged to have planned a policy of violent oppression in response to the 2011 TunisianTunisian revolution
The Tunisian Revolution is an intensive campaign of civil resistance, including a series of street demonstrations taking place in Tunisia. The events began in December 2010 and led to the ousting of longtime President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011...
and Egyptian revolutions
2011 Egyptian revolution
The 2011 Egyptian revolution took place following a popular uprising that began on Tuesday, 25 January 2011 and is still continuing as of November 2011. The uprising was mainly a campaign of non-violent civil resistance, which featured a series of demonstrations, marches, acts of civil...
that was implemented in the early weeks of the Libyan civil war
2011 Libyan civil war
The 2011 Libyan civil war was an armed conflict in the North African state of Libya, fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and those seeking to oust his government. The war was preceded by protests in Benghazi beginning on 15 February 2011, which led to clashes with security...
. From 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011 forces from government-organized militias, the national police, the Libyan Armed Forces, the Revolutionary Guard Corps, and other security services were alleged to have been ordered to use all means necessarily to quell public protests against Muammar Gaddafi's regime and allegedly murdered hundreds of civilians and committed "inhuman acts that severely deprived the civilian population of its fundamental rights" in the cities of Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya was one of the districts of Libya. It lay in the northeastern part of the country. Its capital was Ajdabiya. As of 2007 it was subsumed within the enlarged Al Wahat District....
, Bayda, Benghazi
Benghazi
Benghazi is the second largest city in Libya, the main city of the Cyrenaica region , and the former provisional capital of the National Transitional Council. The wider metropolitan area is also a district of Libya...
, Derna, Misrata, Tobruk
Tobruk
Tobruk or Tubruq is a city, seaport, and peninsula on Libya's eastern Mediterranean coast, near the border with Egypt. It is the capital of the Butnan District and has a population of 120,000 ....
, and Tripoli
Tripoli
Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three...
. Saif al-Islam Gaddafi was arrested on 19 November 2011 near the Libyan town of Ubari
Ubari
Ubari is an oasis town and the capital of the Wadi al Hayaa District, in the Fezzan region of southwestern Libya. It is in the Libyan section of the Sahara Desert...
. He has not yet been transferred to the Court.
Laurent Gbagbo
Laurent Gbagbo was indicted on 23 November 2011 on four counts of crimes against humanity with regard to the situation in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. As the President of Côte d'Ivoire, Gbagbo is alleged to have organized, along with members of his inner circle, systematic attacks against civilians during post-election violence2010–2011 Ivorian crisis
The 2010–11 Ivorian crisis was a political crisis in Côte d'Ivoire which began after Laurent Gbagbo, the President of Côte d'Ivoire since 2000, was proclaimed the winner of the Ivorian election of 2010, the first election in the country in 10 years...
that began on 28 November 2010. National security forces, the armed forces, militias, and mercenaries under the command of Gbagbo are alleged to have murdered, raped, persecuted, and inhumanly treated civilians who were perceived to be supporters of Alassane Ouattara
Alassane Ouattara
Alassane Dramane Ouattara is an Ivorian politician who has been President of Côte d'Ivoire since 2011. An economist by profession, Ouattara worked for the International Monetary Fund and the Central Bank of West African States , and he was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from November 1990 to...
, Gbagbo opponent in the 2010 presidential election. According to the arrest warrant for Gbagbo, the crimes occurred in and around Abidjan
Abidjan
Abidjan is the economic and former official capital of Côte d'Ivoire, while the current capital is Yamoussoukro. it was the largest city in the nation and the third-largest French-speaking city in the world, after Paris, and Kinshasa but before Montreal...
, including the vicinity of the Golf Hotel, and in the western part of the country from 16 December 2010 to 12 April 2011. Gbagbo was arrested by Ivorian forces loyal to Ouattara in the presidential residence on 11 April 2011. On 29 November 2011 Gbagbo was transferred to the Court and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage.
Ahmed Haroun
Ahmed Haroun was indicted on 27 April 2007 on 20 counts of crimes against humanity and 22 counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in Darfur, Sudan. He is alleged to have co-ordinated the operations of Sudanese military, police, security, and JanjaweedJanjaweed
The Janjaweed is a blanket term used to describe mostly gunmen in Darfur, western Sudan, and now eastern Chad...
forces in the Darfur region while he was Minister of State for the Interior from April 2003 to September 2005 during the Darfur conflict
War in Darfur
The Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...
. These forces were allegedly aided and encouraged by Haroun to attack Fur
Fur people
The Fur are an ethnic group from western Sudan, principally inhabiting the region of Darfur where they are the largest tribe....
civilian populations, specifically the towns of Kodoom, Bindisi, Mukjar, Arawala, and their surrounding areas. Civilian populations were subject to persecution, murder, forcible transfer, rape, imprisonment, torture, sexual abuse, and other inhumane acts. Additionally, property was allegedly destroyed and the towns were pillaged. Since his indictment, Haroun has continued to play an active role in the Sudanese government, which has refused to co-operate with the Court. He served as Sudan's Minister of State for Humanitarian Affairs until May 2009 when he was appointed Governor of South Kordofan.
Saleh Jerbo
Saleh Jerbo was indicted on 27 August 2009 with three counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in Darfur, Sudan. Jerbo is alleged to have been a commander of a splinter group of the Sudan Liberation Movement/ArmySudan Liberation Movement/Army
The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army or is a Sudanese rebel group...
(SLM/A), a rebel group fighting in the Darfur conflict
War in Darfur
The Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...
against the Sudanese government. He is accused of leading SLM/A forces under his command (in conjunction with other rebel forces) in a raid on the Haskanita base
Haskanita raids
The Haskanita raids was an attack on African Union peacekeepers by rebel groups during the Darfur conflict. The attacks took place on 30 September and early October 2007 near the town of Haskanita in South Darfur...
of the African Union Mission in Sudan
African Union Mission in Sudan
The African Union Mission in Sudan was an African Union peacekeeping force operating primarily in the country's western region of Darfur with the aim of performing peacekeeping operations related to the Darfur conflict. Originally founded in 2004, with a force of 150 troops, by mid-2005, its...
(AMIS) on 29 September 2007, in which 12 AMIS peacekeepers were killed and eight were seriously injured; the base was also extensively damaged. Jerbo is accused of ordering murders, pillaging, and "intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, materials, units and vehicles involved in a peacekeeping mission". Jerbo voluntarily appeared before the Court on 17 June 2010 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the case against Abdallah Banda
Abdallah Banda
Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain, commonly referred to as Abdallah Banda, was the Commander-in-Chief of the Justice and Equality Movement Collective-Leadership, one of the components of the United Resistance Front...
.
Germain Katanga
Germain Katanga was indicted on 2 July 2007 on three counts of crimes against humanity and six counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). He was alleged to be leader of the Front for Patriotic Resistance in Ituri (FRPI), an armed group involved in the Ituri conflictIturi Conflict
The Ituri conflict is a conflict between the agriculturalist Lendu and pastoralist Hema ethnic groups in the Ituri region of the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo . While there have been many phases to the conflict, the most recent armed clashes ran from 1999 to 2003, with a low-level...
. On and around 23 February 2003, he is alleged to have led his forces into the village of Bogoro
Bogoro attack
The assault on Bogoro, which occurred on February 24, 2003, was an attack on the village of Bogoro in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by the Nationalist and Integrationist Front and the Front for Patriotic Resistance of Ituri...
and ordered them to indiscriminately attack its civilian population in co-ordination with another armed group, the Nationalist and Integrationist Front
Nationalist and Integrationist Front
The Nationalist and Integrationist Front is a Lendu rebel group active in the Ituri conflict in Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The FNI has fought against the Hema tribe and is blamed for the ambush and murder of nine MONUC peacekeepers near the town of Kafe in February 2005...
(FNI). The attack resulted in 200 civilian deaths. Katanga is accused of ordering his forces to attack, murder, sexually enslave, and inhumanely treat the civilians in and around Bogoro. He is also accused of pillaging the village and using children to participate in the attack. Katanga was arrested by Congolese authorities on 1 March 2005 in connection with an attack that killed nine UN peacekeepers. After an international warrant for his arrest was issued, Katanga was transferred to the ICC on 17 October 2007. His trial began on 24 November 2009 in conjunction with Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui's and is ongoing.
Uhuru Kenyatta
Uhuru Kenyatta was indicted on 8 March 2011 with five counts of crimes against humanity with regard to the situation in the Republic of Kenya. Kenyatta, as a supporter of President Mwai KibakiMwai Kibaki
Mwai Kibaki is the current and third President of the republic of Kenya.Kibaki was previously Vice President of Kenya for ten years from 1978–1988 and also held cabinet ministerial positions, including a widely acclaimed stint as Minister for Finance , Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for...
, is alleged to have planned, financed, and coordinated the violence perpetrated against the perceived supporters of the President's rival during post-election violence
2007–2008 Kenyan crisis
The 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis refers to a political, economic, and humanitarian crisis that erupted in Kenya after incumbent President Mwai Kibaki was declared the winner of the presidential election held on December 27, 2007. Supporters of Kibaki's opponent, Raila Odinga of the Orange Democratic...
from 27 December 2007 to 29 February 2008. Kenyatta is alleged to have "had control over the Mungiki
Mungiki
Mungiki is a politico-religious group and a banned criminal organization in Kenya. The name means "A united people" or "multitude" in the Kikuyu language. The religion, which apparently originated in the late 1980s, is secretive and bears some similarity to mystery religions. Specifics of their...
organization" and directed it to attack civilians who were perceived to be loyal to the Orange Democratic Movement
Orange Democratic Movement
Orange Democratic Movement refers to a political party in Kenya, which is the successor of a former grassroots people's movement which was formed in the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum. The erstwhile single party which separated in August 2007 into two...
(ODM), the political party of the President's rival. Kenyatta voluntarily appeared before the Court on 8 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against Mohammed Ali
Mohammed Hussein Ali
Major General Mohammed Hussein Ali is an ethnic Somali military commander. He was the former Commissioner of the Kenya Police, and is currently Chief Executive of the Postal Corporation of Kenya.-Early life:...
and Francis Muthaura
Francis Muthaura
Francis Kirimi Muthaura is a prominent Kenyan civil servant. Muthaura is a close ally of President Mwai Kibaki. He is the Head of Civil Service and Secretary to the Cabinet....
.
Joseph Kony
Joseph Kony was indicted on 8 July 2005 on 12 counts of crimes against humanity and 21 counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in Uganda. He is alleged to be the chairperson and commander-in-chief of the Lord's Resistance ArmyLord's Resistance Army
The Lord's Resistance Army insurgency is an ongoing guerrilla campaign waged since 1987 by the Lord's Resistance Army rebel group, operating mainly in northern Uganda, but also in South Sudan and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo...
(LRA), an armed group which has been waging a guerrilla campaign since 1987 against the Ugandan government. According to the arrest warrant issued for him, since 1 July 2002 "the LRA has engaged in a cycle of violence and established a pattern of 'brutalization of civilians' by acts including murder, abduction, sexual enslavement, mutilation, as well as mass burnings of houses and looting of camp settlements" and furthermore "that abducted civilians, including children, are said to have been forcibly 'recruited' as fighters, porters and sex slaves to serve the LRA and to contribute to attacks against the Ugandan army and civilian communities". Kony is currently at large and his whereabouts are unknown, although he is suspected to be in either Uganda or neighboring countries.
Henry Kosgey
Henry Kosgey was indicted on 8 March 2011 on four counts of crimes against humanity with regard to the situation in the Republic of Kenya. He is alleged to have been the deputy leader and treasurer of an ad hoc organization created by members of the Kalenjin ethnic group to perpetrate violence on behalf of the Orange Democratic MovementOrange Democratic Movement
Orange Democratic Movement refers to a political party in Kenya, which is the successor of a former grassroots people's movement which was formed in the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum. The erstwhile single party which separated in August 2007 into two...
(ODM) during post-election violence
2007–2008 Kenyan crisis
The 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis refers to a political, economic, and humanitarian crisis that erupted in Kenya after incumbent President Mwai Kibaki was declared the winner of the presidential election held on December 27, 2007. Supporters of Kibaki's opponent, Raila Odinga of the Orange Democratic...
in December 2007 and January 2008. At the time Kosgey was also Chairman of the ODM, which was the political party of presidential candidate Raila Odinga
Raila Odinga
Raila Amollo Odinga , also popularly known to Kenyans as Agwambo, is a Kenyan politician, currently serving as the Prime Minister of Kenya in a coalition government. He has served as a Member of Parliament for Langata since 1992, was Minister of Energy from 2001 to 2002, and was Minister of Roads,...
. Kosgey, as a top leader in the ad hoc Kalenjin organization, directed Kalenjin youths to target civilians of the Kikuyu, Kamba, and Kisii
Kisii people
The Kisii is a community of Bantu speakers who inhabit the two counties in Nyanza Province, Western Kenya...
ethnic groups, which were perceived to be supporters of the Party of National Unity
Party of National Unity (Kenya)
Party of National Unity was founded as a political coalition of parties in Kenya. On September 16, 2007, Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki announced the party formation and said that he would run as its presidential candidate in the December 2007 Kenyan elections...
, the political party of Odinga's opponent during the election. Kosgey is alleged to be criminally responsible for the murder, deportation, torture, and persecution of civilians in the towns of Kapsabet
Kapsabet
Kapsabet is a town in the Rift Valley Province, Kenya. It is the capital of Nandi Central District. Kapsabet hosts a municipal council and divisional headquarters of Kapsabet administrative division...
, Nandi Hills
Nandi Hills, Kenya
Nandi Hills is a highland area of lush green rolling hills at the edge of the Great Rift Valley in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya. The scenic area is known for its tea estates, and is home to many world-renowned athletes, including Kipchoge Keino, Nandi Hills is a highland area of lush green...
, Turbo, and the greater Eldoret
Eldoret
Eldoret is a town in western Kenya and the administrative centre of Uasin Gishu District of Rift Valley Province. Lying south of the Cherangani Hills, the local elevation varies from about 2100 metres above sea level at the airport to more than 2700 metres in nearby areas...
area. Kosgey first appeared before the Court, voluntarily, on 7 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against William Ruto
William Ruto
William Kipchirchir Samoei arap Ruto is a Kenyan politician who was Minister for Higher Education until 19 October 2010 after being suspended for corruption. He is also one of the two deputy party leaders of the Orange Democratic Movement. He had previously served in the Ministry of Agriculture...
and Joshua Sang
Joshua Sang
Joshua arap Sang, born in Kitale, Trans-Nzoia District, Kenya, is the current the head of operations at Kass FM in Nairobi, Kenya.On March 8, 2011, he was indicted by the International Criminal Court for four charges of crimes against humanity committed during the 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis...
.
Ali Kushayb
Ali Kushayb was indicted on 27 April 2007 on 22 counts of crimes against humanity and 28 counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in Darfur, Sudan. He is alleged to be "one of the most senior leaders in the tribal hierarchy in the Wadi Salih LocalityWadi Salih
Wadi Salih is a province of West Darfur state of Sudan. On March 5, 2004, at least 145 people were killed by Janjaweed forces. It is South of Zalingei.It is between Mukjar and Habillah regions.-External links:*...
" who commanded thousands of Janjaweed
Janjaweed
The Janjaweed is a blanket term used to describe mostly gunmen in Darfur, western Sudan, and now eastern Chad...
forces in the Darfur region from August 2003 to March 2004 during the Darfur conflict
War in Darfur
The Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...
. Furthermore, it is alleged that he was the mediator between the Sudanese government and the Janjaweed and that he implemented the government's policy in the region of Darfur and that in so doing ordered attacks on civilian populations. Kushayb is alleged to have personally participated in the attack of the towns of Arawala, Bindisi, Kodoom, and Mukjar. These attacks allegedly resulted in the persecution, murder, forcible transfer, rape, imprisonment, torture, sexual violence, and inhumane treatment of civilians, as well as the destruction of property and pillaging of villages. The Sudanese government has refused to co-operate with the Court and to execute the warrant of arrest for Kushayb. However, in October 2008 it was reported that Kushayb was arrested by Sudanese officials in connection to war crimes allegedly committed in Darfur. Despite the arrest, no evidence of any further proceedings has emerged. It is also not clear if Kushayb is in detention and his whereabouts are not publicly known.
Thomas Lubanga Dyilo
Thomas Lubanga Dyilo was indicted on 10 February 2006 on three counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). He was alleged to have been the founding leader of the Union of Congolese PatriotsUnion of Congolese Patriots
The Union of Congolese Patriots is an armed group in Ituri, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. They were in 2003 said to be 15000 soldiers . It has carried out numerous attacks upon civilians and other serious human rights abuses in pursuit of its policies...
(UCP), a rebel movement in the northeast part of the DRC, as well as the founding commander-in-chief of the UCP's armed wing, the Patriotic Force for the Liberation of the Congo (FPLC). From July 2002 to December 2003, the UCP and the FPLC allegedly fought in the Ituri conflict
Ituri Conflict
The Ituri conflict is a conflict between the agriculturalist Lendu and pastoralist Hema ethnic groups in the Ituri region of the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo . While there have been many phases to the conflict, the most recent armed clashes ran from 1999 to 2003, with a low-level...
under the command of Lubanga Dyilo. Lubanga Dyilo is accused of conscripting and enlisting children to the FPLC and of using them "to participate actively in hostilities". Lubanga Dyilo was arrested on 19 March 2005 by Congolese authorities after allegedly ordering an attack on UN peacekeepers; following the indictment in 2006 and the subsequent arrest warrant, Congolese authorities surrendered Lubanga Dyilo to the Court on 16 March 2006. On 26 January 2009 Lubanga Dyilo's trial began at the Court and is currently ongoing.
Raska Lukwiya
Raska Lukwiya was indicted on 8 July 2005 on one count of crimes against humanity and three counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in Uganda. He was alleged to be a former general and commander of the Lord's Resistance ArmyLord's Resistance Army
The Lord's Resistance Army insurgency is an ongoing guerrilla campaign waged since 1987 by the Lord's Resistance Army rebel group, operating mainly in northern Uganda, but also in South Sudan and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo...
(LRA), an armed group which has been wagging a guerrilla campaign since 1987 against the Ugandan government. According to the arrest warrant issued for him, sometime after 1 July 2002 (the date the Rome Statute entered into force) he allegedly ordered his forces to carry out attacks against internally displaced person
Internally displaced person
An internally displaced person is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee. At the end of 2006 it was estimated there were...
camps which were pillaged and resulted in attacks on, enslavement of and cruel treatment of civilians. On 12 August 2006 the Ugandan military killed Lukwiya in an battle with LRA forces. Following the confirmation of his death, the Court terminated proceedings against Lukwiya on 11 July 2007.
Callixte Mbarushimana
Callixte Mbarushimana was indicted on 28 September 2010 on five counts of crimes against humanity and six counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). He is alleged to have been the Executive Secretary of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of RwandaDemocratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
The Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda is the primary remnant Rwandan Hutu Power rebel group in the east of the of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is often referred to as simply the FDLR after its original French name: the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda...
(FDLR), a Hutu Power
Hutu Power
Hutu Power was an ideology propounded by the Akazu and other Hutu extremists in Rwanda. It contributed to the Rwandan Genocide in 1994 against the Tutsi and moderate Hutu.-Background:...
rebel group fighting in the Kivu conflict
Kivu conflict
The Kivu conflict is an armed conflict between the military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Hutu Power group Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda . The United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo also became involved in the conflict...
, since July 2007 and the de facto President since November 2009. Since January 2009 Mbarushimana is accused of commanding FDLR troops that have attacked civilians in 11 different villages in the North and South Kivu Provinces in the eastern DRC. These attacks are alleged of resulting in the destruction of property and the murder, torture, rape, inhumane treatment, and persecution of civilians. Mbarushimana was arrested in France on 11 October 2010 and transferred to the Court on 25 January 2011; his case is currently in the pre-trial stage.
Francis Muthaura
Francis Muthaura was indicted on 8 March 2011 with five counts of crimes against humanity with regard to the situation in the Republic of Kenya. As the Head of the Public Service, Secretary to the Cabinet, and Chairman of the National Security and Advisory Committee of President Mwai KibakiMwai Kibaki
Mwai Kibaki is the current and third President of the republic of Kenya.Kibaki was previously Vice President of Kenya for ten years from 1978–1988 and also held cabinet ministerial positions, including a widely acclaimed stint as Minister for Finance , Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for...
, he is alleged to have planned, financed, and coordinated the violent response against the supporters of the President's rival during post-election violence
2007–2008 Kenyan crisis
The 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis refers to a political, economic, and humanitarian crisis that erupted in Kenya after incumbent President Mwai Kibaki was declared the winner of the presidential election held on December 27, 2007. Supporters of Kibaki's opponent, Raila Odinga of the Orange Democratic...
from 27 December 2007 to 29 February 2008. Specifically, Muthaura is alleged to have directed and paid Mungiki
Mungiki
Mungiki is a politico-religious group and a banned criminal organization in Kenya. The name means "A united people" or "multitude" in the Kikuyu language. The religion, which apparently originated in the late 1980s, is secretive and bears some similarity to mystery religions. Specifics of their...
forces loyal to the President to attack civilians who were perceived to be loyal to the Orange Democratic Movement
Orange Democratic Movement
Orange Democratic Movement refers to a political party in Kenya, which is the successor of a former grassroots people's movement which was formed in the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum. The erstwhile single party which separated in August 2007 into two...
(ODM) (the political party of the President's rival) and instructed Mohammed Ali
Mohammed Hussein Ali
Major General Mohammed Hussein Ali is an ethnic Somali military commander. He was the former Commissioner of the Kenya Police, and is currently Chief Executive of the Postal Corporation of Kenya.-Early life:...
, the Commissioner of the Kenya Police
Kenya Police
The Kenya Police is a national body in charge of law enforcement in the East Africa State of Kenya. While organised at a national level, each arm reports to a Provincial police authority, which in turn divides its force by local Police Divisions, headquartered at local police stations...
, to not intervene against Mungiki forces. Mungiki forces are alleged to have committed murders, deportations, rapes and other forms of sexual violence, persecutions, and other inhumane acts against civilians who were perceived to be loyal to the ODM in the towns of Kibera
Kibera
Kibera is a division of Nairobi Area, Kenya, and neighbourhood of the city of Nairobi, located from the city centre. Kibera is the largest slum in Nairobi, and the second largest urban slum in Africa...
, Kisumu
Kisumu
Kisumu is a port city in western Kenya at , with a population of 355,024 . It is the third largest city in Kenya, the principal city of western Kenya, the immediate former capital of Nyanza Province and the headquarters of Kisumu County. It has a municipal charter but no city charter...
, Naivasha
Naivasha
Naivasha is a market town in Rift Valley Province, Kenya, lying north west of Nairobi. It is located on the shore of Lake Naivasha and along the Nairobi - Nakuru highway and Uganda Railway.Naivasha is part of the Nakuru District...
, and Nakuru
Nakuru
Nakuru, the provincial capital of Kenya's Rift Valley province, with roughly 300,000 inhabitants, and currently the fourth largest urban centre in the country, lies about 1850 m above sea level...
. Muthaura voluntarily appeared before the Court on 8 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against Mohammed Ali
Mohammed Hussein Ali
Major General Mohammed Hussein Ali is an ethnic Somali military commander. He was the former Commissioner of the Kenya Police, and is currently Chief Executive of the Postal Corporation of Kenya.-Early life:...
and Uhuru Kenyatta
Uhuru Kenyatta
Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta is a Kenyan politician, currently serving as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister for Finance and MP for Gatundu South Constituency. He is the Chairman of Kenya African National Union , the former ruling party, which is currently part of the Party of National Unity...
.
Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui
Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui was indicted on 6 July 2007 on three counts of crimes against humanity and six counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). He is alleged to have been the commander of the Nationalist and Integrationist FrontNationalist and Integrationist Front
The Nationalist and Integrationist Front is a Lendu rebel group active in the Ituri conflict in Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The FNI has fought against the Hema tribe and is blamed for the ambush and murder of nine MONUC peacekeepers near the town of Kafe in February 2005...
(FNI), an armed group involved in the Ituri conflict
Ituri Conflict
The Ituri conflict is a conflict between the agriculturalist Lendu and pastoralist Hema ethnic groups in the Ituri region of the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo . While there have been many phases to the conflict, the most recent armed clashes ran from 1999 to 2003, with a low-level...
. On and around 23 February 2003, he is alleged to have led his forces into the village of Bogoro
Bogoro attack
The assault on Bogoro, which occurred on February 24, 2003, was an attack on the village of Bogoro in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by the Nationalist and Integrationist Front and the Front for Patriotic Resistance of Ituri...
and ordered them to indiscriminately attack its civilian population in co-ordination with another armed group, the Front for Patriotic Resistance in Ituri (FRPI). The attack resulted in 200 civilian deaths. Ngudjolo Chui is accused of ordering his forces to attack, murder, sexually enslave, and inhumanely treat the civilians in and around Bogoro. He is also accused of pillaging the village and using children to participate in the attack. After the Court issued an arrest warrant Ngudjolo Chui was detained on 6 February 2008 by Congolese authorities and transferred to the Court the next day. His trial began on 24 November 2009 in conjunction with Germain Katanga
Germain Katanga
Germain Katanga , also known as Simba, is a former leader of the Patriotic Resistance Force in Ituri . On 17 October 2007, the Congolese authorities surrendered him to the International Criminal Court to stand trial on six counts of war crimes and three counts of crimes against humanity...
's and is ongoing.
Bosco Ntaganda
Bosco Ntaganda was indicted on 22 August 2006 on three counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). He is alleged to be a third highest ranking official in the Patriotic Force for the Liberation of the Congo (FPLC), the armed wing of the of the Union of Congolese PatriotsUnion of Congolese Patriots
The Union of Congolese Patriots is an armed group in Ituri, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. They were in 2003 said to be 15000 soldiers . It has carried out numerous attacks upon civilians and other serious human rights abuses in pursuit of its policies...
(UCP), a rebel movement in the northeast part of the DRC, that fought in the Ituri conflict
Ituri Conflict
The Ituri conflict is a conflict between the agriculturalist Lendu and pastoralist Hema ethnic groups in the Ituri region of the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo . While there have been many phases to the conflict, the most recent armed clashes ran from 1999 to 2003, with a low-level...
. From July 2002 to December 2003, Ntaganda is alleged to have ordered FPLC troops to conscript and enlist children to the FPLC and UCP, and of using them "to participate actively in hostilities". Since being indicted, Ntaganda has become a general in the Congolese armed forces and (despite the fact that there is an international warrant for his arrest) still lives openly in the Kivu
Kivu
Kivu was the name for a large "Region" in the Democratic Republic of Congo under the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko that bordered Lake Kivu. It included three "Sub-Regions" : Nord-Kivu, Sud-Kivu and Maniema, corresponding to the three current provinces created in 1986...
region of the eastern DRC.
Okot Odhiambo
Okot Odhiambo was indicted on 8 July 2005 on three counts of crimes against humanity and seven counts of war crimes in regard to the situation in Uganda. He is alleged to be an integral member of the policy-making leadership of the Lord's Resistance ArmyLord's Resistance Army
The Lord's Resistance Army insurgency is an ongoing guerrilla campaign waged since 1987 by the Lord's Resistance Army rebel group, operating mainly in northern Uganda, but also in South Sudan and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo...
(LRA), an armed group which has been wagging a guerrilla campaign since 1987 against the Ugandan government. Additionally, he was also a military commander and sometime after 1 July 2002 (the date the Rome Statute entered into force) he allegedly issued "standing orders to attack and brutalise civilian populations". These attacks on civilian populations allegedly resulted in murder, pillaging of camps, enslavement, and the forcible conscription of children. Odhiambo is currently at large as a fugitive, presumably in Uganda or a neighboring country. In 2009 he told Agence France-Presse
Agence France-Presse
Agence France-Presse is a French news agency, the oldest one in the world, and one of the three largest with Associated Press and Reuters. It is also the largest French news agency. Currently, its CEO is Emmanuel Hoog and its news director Philippe Massonnet...
that he had defected from the LRA, but would only surrender if there was a guarantee that he would not be turned over to the Court.
Dominic Ongwen
Dominic Ongwen was indicted on 8 July 2005 on three counts of crimes against humanity and four counts of war crimes in regard to the situation in Uganda. He is allegedly a military commander and a member of the leadership of the Lord's Resistance ArmyLord's Resistance Army
The Lord's Resistance Army insurgency is an ongoing guerrilla campaign waged since 1987 by the Lord's Resistance Army rebel group, operating mainly in northern Uganda, but also in South Sudan and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo...
(LRA), an armed group which has been wagging a guerrilla campaign since 1987 against the Ugandan government. Sometime after 1 July 2002 (the date the Rome Statute entered into force) he allegedly issued orders to his forces to attack civilian populations which resulted in pillaging, murder, enslavement, cruel treatment, and other inhumane acts. Ongwen is currently a fugitive and is suspected to be in Uganda or a neighboring country.
Vincent Otti
Vincent Otti was indicted on 8 July 2005 on 11 counts of crimes against humanity and 21 counts of war crimes in regard to the situation in Uganda. He was allegedly a military commander and the second-in-command of the Lord's Resistance ArmyLord's Resistance Army
The Lord's Resistance Army insurgency is an ongoing guerrilla campaign waged since 1987 by the Lord's Resistance Army rebel group, operating mainly in northern Uganda, but also in South Sudan and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo...
(LRA), an armed group which has been wagging a guerrilla campaign since 1987 against the Ugandan government. Sometime after 1 July 2002 (the date the Rome Statute entered into force) he allegedly issued orders to attack civilian populations. These attacks allegedly resulted in sexual enslavement, rape, forcible conscription of children into the LRA, enslavement, cruel treatment, murders, pillaging of camps, and other inhumane acts. In December 2007, BBC News
BBC News
BBC News is the department of the British Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs. The department is the world's largest broadcast news organisation and generates about 120 hours of radio and television output each day, as well as online...
reported that on 2 October 2007 Otti had been executed on orders from Joseph Kony, the commander-in-chief of the LRA. Kony later confirmed that Otti was dead to Riek Machar
Riek Machar
Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon , is the first vice-president of the independent Republic of South Sudan.Riek Machar obtained a PhD in mechanical engineering in 1984 and then joined the rebel Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army during the Second Sudanese Civil War...
, a mediator between the Ugandan government and the LRA. Because Otti's death has not been independently verified, the Court still considers him to be at large as a fugitive and proceedings against him are ongoing.
William Ruto
William Ruto was indicted on 8 March 2011 on four counts of crimes against humanity with regard to the situation in the Republic of Kenya. He is alleged to be the leader of an ad hoc organization created by members of the Kalenjin ethnic group which was created to perpetrate violence on behalf of the Orange Democratic MovementOrange Democratic Movement
Orange Democratic Movement refers to a political party in Kenya, which is the successor of a former grassroots people's movement which was formed in the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum. The erstwhile single party which separated in August 2007 into two...
(ODM), the political party of presidential candidate Raila Odinga
Raila Odinga
Raila Amollo Odinga , also popularly known to Kenyans as Agwambo, is a Kenyan politician, currently serving as the Prime Minister of Kenya in a coalition government. He has served as a Member of Parliament for Langata since 1992, was Minister of Energy from 2001 to 2002, and was Minister of Roads,...
, during post-election violence
2007–2008 Kenyan crisis
The 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis refers to a political, economic, and humanitarian crisis that erupted in Kenya after incumbent President Mwai Kibaki was declared the winner of the presidential election held on December 27, 2007. Supporters of Kibaki's opponent, Raila Odinga of the Orange Democratic...
in December 2007 and January 2008. Ruto, as the a top leader in the ad hoc Kalenjin organization, directed Kalenjin youths to target civilians of the Kikuyu, Kamba, and Kisii
Kisii people
The Kisii is a community of Bantu speakers who inhabit the two counties in Nyanza Province, Western Kenya...
ethnic groups, which were perceived to be supporters of the Party of National Unity
Party of National Unity (Kenya)
Party of National Unity was founded as a political coalition of parties in Kenya. On September 16, 2007, Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki announced the party formation and said that he would run as its presidential candidate in the December 2007 Kenyan elections...
, the political party of Odinga's opponent during the election. Ruto is alleged to be criminally responsible for the murder, deportation, torture, and persecution of civilians in the towns of Kapsabet
Kapsabet
Kapsabet is a town in the Rift Valley Province, Kenya. It is the capital of Nandi Central District. Kapsabet hosts a municipal council and divisional headquarters of Kapsabet administrative division...
, Nandi Hills
Nandi Hills, Kenya
Nandi Hills is a highland area of lush green rolling hills at the edge of the Great Rift Valley in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya. The scenic area is known for its tea estates, and is home to many world-renowned athletes, including Kipchoge Keino, Nandi Hills is a highland area of lush green...
, Turbo, the greater Eldoret
Eldoret
Eldoret is a town in western Kenya and the administrative centre of Uasin Gishu District of Rift Valley Province. Lying south of the Cherangani Hills, the local elevation varies from about 2100 metres above sea level at the airport to more than 2700 metres in nearby areas...
area. Ruto first appeared before the Court, voluntarily, on 7 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against Henry Kosgey and Joshua Sang
Joshua Sang
Joshua arap Sang, born in Kitale, Trans-Nzoia District, Kenya, is the current the head of operations at Kass FM in Nairobi, Kenya.On March 8, 2011, he was indicted by the International Criminal Court for four charges of crimes against humanity committed during the 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis...
.
Joshua Sang
Joshua Sang was indicted on 8 March 2011 on four counts of crimes against humanity with regard to the situation in the Republic of Kenya. He is alleged to a top leader of an ad hoc organization created by members of the Kalenjin ethnic group which was created to perpetrate violence on behalf of the Orange Democratic MovementOrange Democratic Movement
Orange Democratic Movement refers to a political party in Kenya, which is the successor of a former grassroots people's movement which was formed in the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum. The erstwhile single party which separated in August 2007 into two...
(ODM), the political party of presidential candidate Raila Odinga
Raila Odinga
Raila Amollo Odinga , also popularly known to Kenyans as Agwambo, is a Kenyan politician, currently serving as the Prime Minister of Kenya in a coalition government. He has served as a Member of Parliament for Langata since 1992, was Minister of Energy from 2001 to 2002, and was Minister of Roads,...
, during post-election violence
2007–2008 Kenyan crisis
The 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis refers to a political, economic, and humanitarian crisis that erupted in Kenya after incumbent President Mwai Kibaki was declared the winner of the presidential election held on December 27, 2007. Supporters of Kibaki's opponent, Raila Odinga of the Orange Democratic...
in December 2007 and January 2008. As a broadcaster for the Kass FM radio station, Sang incited Kalenjin youths to target civilians of the Kikuyu, Kamba, and Kisii
Kisii people
The Kisii is a community of Bantu speakers who inhabit the two counties in Nyanza Province, Western Kenya...
ethnic groups, which were perceived to be supporters of the Party of National Unity
Party of National Unity (Kenya)
Party of National Unity was founded as a political coalition of parties in Kenya. On September 16, 2007, Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki announced the party formation and said that he would run as its presidential candidate in the December 2007 Kenyan elections...
, the political party of Odinga's opponent during the election. He is alleged to be indirectly responsible for indirectly for the murder, deportation, torture, and persecution of civilians in the towns of Kapsabet
Kapsabet
Kapsabet is a town in the Rift Valley Province, Kenya. It is the capital of Nandi Central District. Kapsabet hosts a municipal council and divisional headquarters of Kapsabet administrative division...
, Nandi Hills
Nandi Hills, Kenya
Nandi Hills is a highland area of lush green rolling hills at the edge of the Great Rift Valley in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya. The scenic area is known for its tea estates, and is home to many world-renowned athletes, including Kipchoge Keino, Nandi Hills is a highland area of lush green...
, Turbo, the greater Eldoret
Eldoret
Eldoret is a town in western Kenya and the administrative centre of Uasin Gishu District of Rift Valley Province. Lying south of the Cherangani Hills, the local elevation varies from about 2100 metres above sea level at the airport to more than 2700 metres in nearby areas...
area. Sang first appeared before the Court, voluntarily, on 7 April 2011 and the case against him is currently in the pre-trial stage in conjunction with the cases against William Ruto
William Ruto
William Kipchirchir Samoei arap Ruto is a Kenyan politician who was Minister for Higher Education until 19 October 2010 after being suspended for corruption. He is also one of the two deputy party leaders of the Orange Democratic Movement. He had previously served in the Ministry of Agriculture...
and Joshua Sang
Joshua Sang
Joshua arap Sang, born in Kitale, Trans-Nzoia District, Kenya, is the current the head of operations at Kass FM in Nairobi, Kenya.On March 8, 2011, he was indicted by the International Criminal Court for four charges of crimes against humanity committed during the 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis...
.
Abdullah Senussi
Abdullah Senussi was indicted on 27 June 2011 on two counts of crimes against humanity in regard to the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. As the head of military intelligence in Libya he is alleged to have planned, in conjunction with Muammar Gaddafi, the head of state, and his inner circle, formulated a plan in response to the 2011 TunisianTunisian revolution
The Tunisian Revolution is an intensive campaign of civil resistance, including a series of street demonstrations taking place in Tunisia. The events began in December 2010 and led to the ousting of longtime President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011...
and Egyptian revolutions
2011 Egyptian revolution
The 2011 Egyptian revolution took place following a popular uprising that began on Tuesday, 25 January 2011 and is still continuing as of November 2011. The uprising was mainly a campaign of non-violent civil resistance, which featured a series of demonstrations, marches, acts of civil...
whereby Libyan state security forces under his authority were ordered to use all means necessarily to quell public protests against his regime. The plan was later implemented in the early weeks of the 2011 Libyan civil war
2011 Libyan civil war
The 2011 Libyan civil war was an armed conflict in the North African state of Libya, fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and those seeking to oust his government. The war was preceded by protests in Benghazi beginning on 15 February 2011, which led to clashes with security...
. From 15 February 2011 until at least 28 February 2011 forces from government-organized militias, the national police, the Libyan Armed Forces, the Revolutionary Guard Corps, and other security services allegedly murdered hundreds of civilians and committed "inhuman acts that severely deprived the civilian population of its fundamental rights" in the cities of Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya was one of the districts of Libya. It lay in the northeastern part of the country. Its capital was Ajdabiya. As of 2007 it was subsumed within the enlarged Al Wahat District....
, Bayda, Benghazi
Benghazi
Benghazi is the second largest city in Libya, the main city of the Cyrenaica region , and the former provisional capital of the National Transitional Council. The wider metropolitan area is also a district of Libya...
, Derna, Misrata, Tobruk
Tobruk
Tobruk or Tubruq is a city, seaport, and peninsula on Libya's eastern Mediterranean coast, near the border with Egypt. It is the capital of the Butnan District and has a population of 120,000 ....
, and Tripoli
Tripoli
Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Western Tripoli , to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means "Three...
. Furthermore Senussi commanded forces in and around Benghazi and "directly instructed the troops to attack civilians demonstrating in the city". Senussi was arrested in the Libyan town of Sabha on 20 November 2011. He has not yet been transferred to the Court.
See also
- List of Axis personnel indicted for war crimes
- List of people indicted in the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
- List of people indicted in the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
External links
- Situations and cases – International Criminal Court
- Wanted by the International Criminal Court – InterpolInterpolInterpol, whose full name is the International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL, is an organization facilitating international police cooperation...