List of MeSH codes (N03)
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of the "N" codes for MeSH
. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine
.
Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)
--- economics
--- compensation and redress --- costs and cost analysis --- cost allocation
--- cost-benefit analysis
--- cost control --- cost savings --- cost of illness --- cost sharing
--- deductibles and coinsurance --- medical savings accounts --- health care costs --- direct service costs --- drug costs --- employer health costs --- hospital costs --- health expenditures --- capital expenditures --- economic competition --- economics, dental --- fees, dental --- economics, hospital --- hospital charges --- hospital costs --- economics, medical --- fees, medical --- economics, nursing --- economics, pharmaceutical --- fees and charges --- capitation fee
--- fee-for-service plans --- fees, dental --- fees, medical --- fees, pharmaceutical --- prescription fees --- hospital charges --- prescription fees --- rate setting and review --- financial management
--- accounting --- accounts payable and receivable --- depreciation
--- financial audit
--- patient credit and collection --- bankruptcy
--- budgets --- rate setting and review --- capital financing --- contract services --- competitive bidding --- outsourced services --- financial management, hospital --- financing, construction --- fund raising --- group purchasing --- leasing, property --- marketing of health services --- risk management
--- risk sharing, financial --- financial support --- foundations --- health planning support --- research support --- training support --- fellowships and scholarships --- financing, organized --- financing, government --- public assistance --- medical assistance --- medicaid
--- Medicare
--- medicare part a --- medicare part b --- medicare part c --- old age assistance --- social security
--- aid to families with dependent children
--- veterans disability claims --- workers' compensation
--- insurance
--- cost sharing
--- deductibles and coinsurance --- medical savings accounts --- insurance benefits --- insurance carriers --- insurance claim reporting --- insurance claim review --- insurance coverage --- universal coverage --- insurance, disability --- workers' compensation
--- insurance, health --- health benefit plans, employee --- employee retirement income security act
--- health insurance portability and accountability act
--- insurance, accident --- insurance, dental --- insurance, health, reimbursement --- insurance, hospitalization --- blue cross --- insurance, long-term care --- insurance, major medical --- insurance, medigap --- insurance, nursing services --- insurance, pharmaceutical services --- insurance, physician services --- blue shield
--- medicare assignment --- insurance, psychiatric --- insurance, surgical --- managed care programs --- competitive medical plans --- health maintenance organizations --- independent practice associations --- patient freedom of choice laws --- preferred provider organizations --- provider-sponsored organizations --- managed competition --- medical savings accounts --- Medicare --- medicare assignment --- medicare part a --- medicare part b --- medicare part c --- national health insurance, united states --- prepaid health plans --- health maintenance organizations --- single-payer system --- insurance, liability --- insurance, life --- insurance pools --- insurance selection bias --- social security
--- insurance, health, reimbursement --- reimbursement mechanisms --- fee-for-service plans --- blue cross --- blue shield
--- physician payment review commission --- prospective payment system
--- diagnosis-related groups --- outliers, drg --- medicare payment advisory commission
--- prospective payment assessment commission --- reimbursement, disproportionate share --- reimbursement, incentive --- relative value scales --- single-payer system --- financing, personal --- medical savings accounts --- health care sector --- inflation, economic --- investments --- medical indigency --- taxes --- income tax
--- tax equity and fiscal responsibility act --- tax exemption
--- health care reform
--- health plan implementation --- health planning guidelines --- health planning technical assistance --- health priorities --- health resources --- health services research
--- health care surveys --- health services needs and demand --- needs assessment --- organizational case studies --- national health programs --- national health insurance, united states --- single-payer system --- regional health planning --- catchment area (health) --- certificate of need
--- community health planning --- health facility planning --- bed conversion --- hospital planning --- health systems plans --- medically underserved area --- regional medical programs --- state health plans
--- government agencies --- united states department of agriculture
--- united states department of veterans affairs
--- United States Department of Health and Human Services
--- united states Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
--- united states public health service
--- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
--- national institute for occupational safety and health
--- national center for health care technology --- national center for health statistics (u.s.) --- National Institutes of Health
--- national institute of mental health (u.s.) --- national library of medicine (u.s.) --- united states Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
--- united states Food and Drug Administration
--- united states Health Resources and Services Administration
--- national health planning information center --- united states indian health service --- united states office of research integrity
--- united states substance abuse and mental health services administration --- united states environmental protection agency
--- united states federal trade commission --- united states government agencies --- united states national aeronautics and space administration --- united states occupational safety and health administration --- united states office of economic opportunity --- united states office of technology assessment --- united states Social Security Administration
--- health planning organizations --- health care coalitions --- health planning councils --- state health planning and development agencies --- health systems agencies --- home care agencies --- international agencies --- red cross --- united nations
--- world health organization
--- pan american health organization
--- labor unions --- collective bargaining
--- strikes, employee --- national academy of sciences (u.s.) --- institute of medicine (u.s.) --- organizations, nonprofit --- foundations --- voluntary health agencies --- american cancer society
--- american heart association
--- mental health associations --- red cross --- tuberculosis societies --- self-help groups --- alcoholics anonymous
--- societies --- american public health association
--- american speech-language-hearing association
--- societies, dental --- american dental association
--- societies, hospital --- american hospital association
--- societies, medical --- american medical association
--- societies, nursing --- american nurses' association --- international council of nurses
--- societies, pharmaceutical --- societies, scientific
--- accreditation
--- joint commission on accreditation of healthcare organizations
--- certification
--- specialty boards --- licensure
--- licensure, dental --- licensure, hospital --- licensure, medical --- licensure, nursing --- licensure, pharmacy --- facility regulation and control --- government regulation --- human rights
--- child advocacy
--- civil rights
--- privacy
--- genetic privacy --- consumer advocacy --- freedom
--- personal autonomy --- patient rights --- confidentiality
--- genetic privacy --- informed consent
--- patient access to records --- right to die
--- treatment refusal --- reproductive rights
--- social justice
--- women's rights
--- jurisprudence
--- advance directives --- living wills --- compensation and redress --- confidentiality
--- duty to warn
--- genetic privacy --- contracts --- duty to recontact --- expert testimony --- forensic psychiatry
--- commitment of mentally ill --- insanity defense --- informed consent
--- consent forms --- third-party consent --- parental consent
--- intellectual property
--- copyright
--- patents --- liability, legal --- malpractice
--- defensive medicine
--- professional impairment --- physician impairment --- mandatory reporting --- mental competency --- presumed consent --- resuscitation orders --- wrongful life
--- legislation
--- antitrust laws --- legislation, dental --- legislation, drug --- drug and narcotic control --- legislation, food --- legislation, hospital --- patient self-determination act
--- legislation, medical --- legislation, nursing --- legislation, pharmacy --- legislation, veterinary --- patient freedom of choice laws --- threshold limit values --- mandatory programs --- mandatory reporting --- mandatory testing --- patient advocacy
--- peer review
--- peer review, health care --- peer review, research --- policy making --- advisory committees --- social control policies --- organizational policy --- public policy
--- family planning policy --- health policy --- health care reform
--- nutrition policy
Mesh
Mesh consists of semi-permeable barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material. Mesh is similar to web or net in that it has many attached or woven strands.-Types of mesh:...
. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine
United States National Library of Medicine
The United States National Library of Medicine , operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is a division of the National Institutes of Health...
.
Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)
--- health care economics and organizations
--- economicsEconomicsEconomics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...
--- compensation and redress --- costs and cost analysis --- cost allocationCost allocation
Cost allocation is a process of attributing cost to particular cost centers. For example the wage of the driver of the purchasing department can be allocated to the purchasing department cost center. It is not necessary to share the wage cost over several different cost centers...
--- cost-benefit analysis
Cost-benefit analysis
Cost–benefit analysis , sometimes called benefit–cost analysis , is a systematic process for calculating and comparing benefits and costs of a project for two purposes: to determine if it is a sound investment , to see how it compares with alternate projects...
--- cost control --- cost savings --- cost of illness --- cost sharing
Cost sharing
In health care, cost sharing occurs when patients pay for a portion of health care costs not covered by health insurance. Examples include copays, deductibles and coinsurance....
--- deductibles and coinsurance --- medical savings accounts --- health care costs --- direct service costs --- drug costs --- employer health costs --- hospital costs --- health expenditures --- capital expenditures --- economic competition --- economics, dental --- fees, dental --- economics, hospital --- hospital charges --- hospital costs --- economics, medical --- fees, medical --- economics, nursing --- economics, pharmaceutical --- fees and charges --- capitation fee
Capitation fee
Capitation fee is a fee or payment of a uniform amount charged per person. In medicine, Capitation is one mechanism to pay physicians, where in a fixed payment remitted at regular intervals to a medical provider by a managed care organization for an enrolled patient...
--- fee-for-service plans --- fees, dental --- fees, medical --- fees, pharmaceutical --- prescription fees --- hospital charges --- prescription fees --- rate setting and review --- financial management
Financial management
Financial management may refer to:* Managerial finance, a branch of finance that concerns itself with the managerial significance of finance techniques....
--- accounting --- accounts payable and receivable --- depreciation
Depreciation
Depreciation refers to two very different but related concepts:# the decrease in value of assets , and# the allocation of the cost of assets to periods in which the assets are used ....
--- financial audit
Financial audit
A financial audit, or more accurately, an audit of financial statements, is the verification of the financial statements of a legal entity, with a view to express an audit opinion...
--- patient credit and collection --- bankruptcy
Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is a legal status of an insolvent person or an organisation, that is, one that cannot repay the debts owed to creditors. In most jurisdictions bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor....
--- budgets --- rate setting and review --- capital financing --- contract services --- competitive bidding --- outsourced services --- financial management, hospital --- financing, construction --- fund raising --- group purchasing --- leasing, property --- marketing of health services --- risk management
Risk management
Risk management is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities...
--- risk sharing, financial --- financial support --- foundations --- health planning support --- research support --- training support --- fellowships and scholarships --- financing, organized --- financing, government --- public assistance --- medical assistance --- medicaid
Medicaid
Medicaid is the United States health program for certain people and families with low incomes and resources. It is a means-tested program that is jointly funded by the state and federal governments, and is managed by the states. People served by Medicaid are U.S. citizens or legal permanent...
--- Medicare
Medicare (United States)
Medicare is a social insurance program administered by the United States government, providing health insurance coverage to people who are aged 65 and over; to those who are under 65 and are permanently physically disabled or who have a congenital physical disability; or to those who meet other...
--- medicare part a --- medicare part b --- medicare part c --- old age assistance --- social security
Social security
Social security is primarily a social insurance program providing social protection or protection against socially recognized conditions, including poverty, old age, disability, unemployment and others. Social security may refer to:...
--- aid to families with dependent children
Aid to Families with Dependent Children
Aid to Families with Dependent Children was a federal assistance program in effect from 1935 to 1996, which was administered by the United States Department of Health and Human Services...
--- veterans disability claims --- workers' compensation
Workers' compensation
Workers' compensation is a form of insurance providing wage replacement and medical benefits to employees injured in the course of employment in exchange for mandatory relinquishment of the employee's right to sue his or her employer for the tort of negligence...
--- insurance
Insurance
In law and economics, insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for payment. An insurer is a company selling the...
--- cost sharing
Cost sharing
In health care, cost sharing occurs when patients pay for a portion of health care costs not covered by health insurance. Examples include copays, deductibles and coinsurance....
--- deductibles and coinsurance --- medical savings accounts --- insurance benefits --- insurance carriers --- insurance claim reporting --- insurance claim review --- insurance coverage --- universal coverage --- insurance, disability --- workers' compensation
Workers' compensation
Workers' compensation is a form of insurance providing wage replacement and medical benefits to employees injured in the course of employment in exchange for mandatory relinquishment of the employee's right to sue his or her employer for the tort of negligence...
--- insurance, health --- health benefit plans, employee --- employee retirement income security act
Employee Retirement Income Security Act
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 is an American federal statute that establishes minimum standards for pension plans in private industry and provides for extensive rules on the federal income tax effects of transactions associated with employee benefit plans...
--- health insurance portability and accountability act
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 was enacted by the U.S. Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996. It was originally sponsored by Sen. Edward Kennedy and Sen. Nancy Kassebaum . Title I of HIPAA protects health insurance coverage for workers and their...
--- insurance, accident --- insurance, dental --- insurance, health, reimbursement --- insurance, hospitalization --- blue cross --- insurance, long-term care --- insurance, major medical --- insurance, medigap --- insurance, nursing services --- insurance, pharmaceutical services --- insurance, physician services --- blue shield
Blue Shield
Blue Shield may refer to:*Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association*International Committee of the Blue Shield*Blue Shield , a Marvel Comics Superhero...
--- medicare assignment --- insurance, psychiatric --- insurance, surgical --- managed care programs --- competitive medical plans --- health maintenance organizations --- independent practice associations --- patient freedom of choice laws --- preferred provider organizations --- provider-sponsored organizations --- managed competition --- medical savings accounts --- Medicare --- medicare assignment --- medicare part a --- medicare part b --- medicare part c --- national health insurance, united states --- prepaid health plans --- health maintenance organizations --- single-payer system --- insurance, liability --- insurance, life --- insurance pools --- insurance selection bias --- social security
Social security
Social security is primarily a social insurance program providing social protection or protection against socially recognized conditions, including poverty, old age, disability, unemployment and others. Social security may refer to:...
--- insurance, health, reimbursement --- reimbursement mechanisms --- fee-for-service plans --- blue cross --- blue shield
Blue Shield
Blue Shield may refer to:*Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association*International Committee of the Blue Shield*Blue Shield , a Marvel Comics Superhero...
--- physician payment review commission --- prospective payment system
Prospective payment system
A prospective payment system is a means of determining insurance payments based on predetermined prices, commonly from Medicare. Payments are typically based on codes provided on the insurance claim.Examples of these codes include:...
--- diagnosis-related groups --- outliers, drg --- medicare payment advisory commission
Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission is an independent US federal body. MedPAC was established by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 . Its primary role is to advise the US Congress on issues affecting the administration of the Medicare program...
--- prospective payment assessment commission --- reimbursement, disproportionate share --- reimbursement, incentive --- relative value scales --- single-payer system --- financing, personal --- medical savings accounts --- health care sector --- inflation, economic --- investments --- medical indigency --- taxes --- income tax
Income tax
An income tax is a tax levied on the income of individuals or businesses . Various income tax systems exist, with varying degrees of tax incidence. Income taxation can be progressive, proportional, or regressive. When the tax is levied on the income of companies, it is often called a corporate...
--- tax equity and fiscal responsibility act --- tax exemption
Tax exemption
Various tax systems grant a tax exemption to certain organizations, persons, income, property or other items taxable under the system. Tax exemption may also refer to a personal allowance or specific monetary exemption which may be claimed by an individual to reduce taxable income under some...
--- health planning
--- health care rationingHealth care rationing
Health care rationing refers to governmental mechanisms that are used to allocate health care when resources are scarce. Countries differ upon the mechanisms they use to ration the distribution of health care...
--- health care reform
Health care reform
Health care reform is a general rubric used for discussing major health policy creation or changes—for the most part, governmental policy that affects health care delivery in a given place...
--- health plan implementation --- health planning guidelines --- health planning technical assistance --- health priorities --- health resources --- health services research
Health services research
Health services research is a multidisciplinary scientific field that examines how people get access to health care practitioners and health care services, how much care costs, and what happens to patients as a result of this care...
--- health care surveys --- health services needs and demand --- needs assessment --- organizational case studies --- national health programs --- national health insurance, united states --- single-payer system --- regional health planning --- catchment area (health) --- certificate of need
Certificate of Need
A Certificate of Need , in the United States, is a legal document required in many state and some federal jurisdictions before proposed acquisitions, expansions, or creations of facilities are allowed. CONs are issued by a federal or state regulatory agency with authority over an area to affirm...
--- community health planning --- health facility planning --- bed conversion --- hospital planning --- health systems plans --- medically underserved area --- regional medical programs --- state health plans
--- organizations
--- academies and institutes --- congresses --- consensus development conferences --- consensus development conferences, nih --- consumer organizations --- consumer participation --- patient participationPatient participation
Patient participation, also called shared decision making, is "patient involvement in the decision-making process in matters pertaining to health"....
--- government agencies --- united states department of agriculture
United States Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture is the United States federal executive department responsible for developing and executing U.S. federal government policy on farming, agriculture, and food...
--- united states department of veterans affairs
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
The United States Department of Veterans Affairs is a government-run military veteran benefit system with Cabinet-level status. It is the United States government’s second largest department, after the United States Department of Defense...
--- United States Department of Health and Human Services
United States Department of Health and Human Services
The United States Department of Health and Human Services is a Cabinet department of the United States government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. Its motto is "Improving the health, safety, and well-being of America"...
--- united states Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services , previously known as the Health Care Financing Administration , is a federal agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services that administers the Medicare program and works in partnership with state governments to administer...
--- united states public health service
United States Public Health Service
The Public Health Service Act of 1944 structured the United States Public Health Service as the primary division of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare , which later became the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The PHS comprises all Agency Divisions of Health and...
--- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services headquartered in Druid Hills, unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, in Greater Atlanta...
--- national institute for occupational safety and health
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is the United States’ federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness. NIOSH is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention within the U.S...
--- national center for health care technology --- national center for health statistics (u.s.) --- National Institutes of Health
National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health are an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and are the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and health-related research. Its science and engineering counterpart is the National Science Foundation...
--- national institute of mental health (u.s.) --- national library of medicine (u.s.) --- united states Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality is a part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, which supports research designed to improve the outcomes and quality of health care, reduce its costs, address patient safety and medical errors, and broaden access to effective...
--- united states Food and Drug Administration
Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments...
--- united states Health Resources and Services Administration
Health Resources and Services Administration
The Health Resources and Services Administration , is an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services located in Rockville, Maryland...
--- national health planning information center --- united states indian health service --- united states office of research integrity
United States Office of Research Integrity
The Office of Research Integrity is one of the bodies concerned with research integrity in the United States. It was created when the Office of Scientific Integrity in the National Institutes of Health and the Office of Scientific Integrity Review in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for...
--- united states substance abuse and mental health services administration --- united states environmental protection agency
United States Environmental Protection Agency
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress...
--- united states federal trade commission --- united states government agencies --- united states national aeronautics and space administration --- united states occupational safety and health administration --- united states office of economic opportunity --- united states office of technology assessment --- united states Social Security Administration
Social Security Administration
The United States Social Security Administration is an independent agency of the United States federal government that administers Social Security, a social insurance program consisting of retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits...
--- health planning organizations --- health care coalitions --- health planning councils --- state health planning and development agencies --- health systems agencies --- home care agencies --- international agencies --- red cross --- united nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
--- world health organization
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health...
--- pan american health organization
Pan American Health Organization
The Pan American Health Organization is an international public health agency with over 100 years of experience working to improve health and living standards of the people of the Americas...
--- labor unions --- collective bargaining
Collective bargaining
Collective bargaining is a process of negotiations between employers and the representatives of a unit of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions...
--- strikes, employee --- national academy of sciences (u.s.) --- institute of medicine (u.s.) --- organizations, nonprofit --- foundations --- voluntary health agencies --- american cancer society
American Cancer Society
The American Cancer Society is the "nationwide community-based voluntary health organization" dedicated, in their own words, "to eliminating cancer as a major health problem by preventing cancer, saving lives, and diminishing suffering from cancer, through research, education, advocacy, and...
--- american heart association
American Heart Association
The American Heart Association is a non-profit organization in the United States that fosters appropriate cardiac care in an effort to reduce disability and deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and stroke. It is headquartered in Dallas, Texas...
--- mental health associations --- red cross --- tuberculosis societies --- self-help groups --- alcoholics anonymous
Alcoholics Anonymous
Alcoholics Anonymous is an international mutual aid movement which says its "primary purpose is to stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety." Now claiming more than 2 million members, AA was founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio...
--- societies --- american public health association
American Public Health Association
The American Public Health Association is Washington, D.C.-based professional organization for public health professionals in the United States. Founded in 1872 by Dr. Stephen Smith, APHA has more than 30,000 members worldwide...
--- american speech-language-hearing association
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
The American Speech–Language–Hearing Association is a professional association for speech–language pathologists, audiologists, and speech, language, and hearing scientists in the United States and internationally...
--- societies, dental --- american dental association
American Dental Association
The American Dental Association is an American professional association established in 1859 which has more than 155,000 members. Based in Chicago, the ADA is the world's largest and oldest national dental association and promotes good oral health to the public while representing the dental...
--- societies, hospital --- american hospital association
American Hospital Association
The American Hospital Association is an organization that promotes the quality provision of health care by hospitals and health care networks through such efforts as promoting effective public policy and providing information related to health care and health administration to health care...
--- societies, medical --- american medical association
American Medical Association
The American Medical Association , founded in 1847 and incorporated in 1897, is the largest association of medical doctors and medical students in the United States.-Scope and operations:...
--- societies, nursing --- american nurses' association --- international council of nurses
International Council of Nurses
The International Council of Nurses is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations. It was founded in 1899 and was the first international organization for health care professionals...
--- societies, pharmaceutical --- societies, scientific
--- social control, formal
--- credentialingCredentialing
Credentialing is the process of establishing the qualifications of licensed professionals, organizational members or organizations, and assessing their background and legitimacy...
--- accreditation
Accreditation
Accreditation is a process in which certification of competency, authority, or credibility is presented.Organizations that issue credentials or certify third parties against official standards are themselves formally accredited by accreditation bodies ; hence they are sometimes known as "accredited...
--- joint commission on accreditation of healthcare organizations
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
The Joint Commission , formerly the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations , is a United States-based not-for-profit organization that accredits over 19,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States...
--- certification
Certification
Certification refers to the confirmation of certain characteristics of an object, person, or organization. This confirmation is often, but not always, provided by some form of external review, education, assessment, or audit...
--- specialty boards --- licensure
Licensure
Licensure refers to the granting of a license, which gives a "permission to practice." Such licenses are usually issued in order to regulate some activity that is deemed to be dangerous or a threat to the person or the public or which involves a high level of specialized skill...
--- licensure, dental --- licensure, hospital --- licensure, medical --- licensure, nursing --- licensure, pharmacy --- facility regulation and control --- government regulation --- human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
--- child advocacy
Child advocacy
Child advocacy refers to a range of individuals, professionals and advocacy organizations who promote the optimal development of children. An individual or organization engaging in advocacy typically seeks to protect children's rights which may be abridged or abused in a number of areas.- Rights...
--- civil rights
Civil rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from unwarranted infringement by governments and private organizations, and ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination or repression.Civil rights include...
--- privacy
Privacy
Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively...
--- genetic privacy --- consumer advocacy --- freedom
Free will
"To make my own decisions whether I am successful or not due to uncontrollable forces" -Troy MorrisonA pragmatic definition of free willFree will is the ability of agents to make choices free from certain kinds of constraints. The existence of free will and its exact nature and definition have long...
--- personal autonomy --- patient rights --- confidentiality
Confidentiality
Confidentiality is an ethical principle associated with several professions . In ethics, and in law and alternative forms of legal resolution such as mediation, some types of communication between a person and one of these professionals are "privileged" and may not be discussed or divulged to...
--- genetic privacy --- informed consent
Informed consent
Informed consent is a phrase often used in law to indicate that the consent a person gives meets certain minimum standards. As a literal matter, in the absence of fraud, it is redundant. An informed consent can be said to have been given based upon a clear appreciation and understanding of the...
--- patient access to records --- right to die
Right to die
The right to die is the ethical or institutional entitlement of the individual to commit suicide or to undergo voluntary euthanasia. Possession of this right is often understood to mean that a person with a terminal illness should be allowed to commit suicide or assisted suicide or to decline...
--- treatment refusal --- reproductive rights
Reproductive rights
Reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health. The World Health Organization defines reproductive rights as follows:...
--- social justice
Social justice
Social justice generally refers to the idea of creating a society or institution that is based on the principles of equality and solidarity, that understands and values human rights, and that recognizes the dignity of every human being. The term and modern concept of "social justice" was coined by...
--- women's rights
Women's rights
Women's rights are entitlements and freedoms claimed for women and girls of all ages in many societies.In some places these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behaviour, whereas in others they may be ignored or suppressed...
--- jurisprudence
Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence is the theory and philosophy of law. Scholars of jurisprudence, or legal theorists , hope to obtain a deeper understanding of the nature of law, of legal reasoning, legal systems and of legal institutions...
--- advance directives --- living wills --- compensation and redress --- confidentiality
Confidentiality
Confidentiality is an ethical principle associated with several professions . In ethics, and in law and alternative forms of legal resolution such as mediation, some types of communication between a person and one of these professionals are "privileged" and may not be discussed or divulged to...
--- duty to warn
Duty to warn
A duty to warn is a concept that arises in the law of torts in a number of circumstances, indicating that a party will be held liable for injuries caused to another, where the party had the opportunity to warn the other of a hazard and failed to do so....
--- genetic privacy --- contracts --- duty to recontact --- expert testimony --- forensic psychiatry
Forensic psychiatry
Forensic psychiatry is a sub-speciality of psychiatry and an auxiliar science of criminology. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry...
--- commitment of mentally ill --- insanity defense --- informed consent
Informed consent
Informed consent is a phrase often used in law to indicate that the consent a person gives meets certain minimum standards. As a literal matter, in the absence of fraud, it is redundant. An informed consent can be said to have been given based upon a clear appreciation and understanding of the...
--- consent forms --- third-party consent --- parental consent
Parental consent
Parental consent laws in some countries require that one or more parents consent to or be notified before their minor child can legally engage in certain activities....
--- intellectual property
Intellectual property
Intellectual property is a term referring to a number of distinct types of creations of the mind for which a set of exclusive rights are recognized—and the corresponding fields of law...
--- copyright
Copyright
Copyright is a legal concept, enacted by most governments, giving the creator of an original work exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time...
--- patents --- liability, legal --- malpractice
Malpractice
In law, malpractice is a type of negligence in, which the professional under a duty to act, fails to follow generally accepted professional standards, and that breach of duty is the proximate cause of injury to a plaintiff who suffers harm...
--- defensive medicine
Defensive Medicine
Defensive medicine is the practice of diagnostic or therapeutic measures conducted primarily not to ensure the health of the patient, but as a safeguard against possible malpractice liability. Fear of litigation has been cited as the driving force behind defensive medicine...
--- professional impairment --- physician impairment --- mandatory reporting --- mental competency --- presumed consent --- resuscitation orders --- wrongful life
Wrongful life
Wrongful life is the name given to a legal action in which someone is sued by a severely disabled child for failing to prevent the child's birth....
--- legislation
Legislation
Legislation is law which has been promulgated by a legislature or other governing body, or the process of making it...
--- antitrust laws --- legislation, dental --- legislation, drug --- drug and narcotic control --- legislation, food --- legislation, hospital --- patient self-determination act
Patient Self-Determination Act
The Patient Self-Determination Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1990 as an amendment to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990...
--- legislation, medical --- legislation, nursing --- legislation, pharmacy --- legislation, veterinary --- patient freedom of choice laws --- threshold limit values --- mandatory programs --- mandatory reporting --- mandatory testing --- patient advocacy
Patient advocacy
A Patient Advocate acts as a support structure and if legally contracted to do so may act as a liaison between a patient and their Health Care Provider. Most health care professionals see themselves as advocates for their patients, however their time and scope are limited by their job function...
--- peer review
Peer review
Peer review is a process of self-regulation by a profession or a process of evaluation involving qualified individuals within the relevant field. Peer review methods are employed to maintain standards, improve performance and provide credibility...
--- peer review, health care --- peer review, research --- policy making --- advisory committees --- social control policies --- organizational policy --- public policy
Public policy
Public policy as government action is generally the principled guide to action taken by the administrative or executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs. In general, the foundation is the pertinent national and...
--- family planning policy --- health policy --- health care reform
Health care reform
Health care reform is a general rubric used for discussing major health policy creation or changes—for the most part, governmental policy that affects health care delivery in a given place...
--- nutrition policy