José do Patrocínio
Encyclopedia
José Carlos do Patrocínio (October 9, 1854 — January 29, 1905) was a Brazil
ian writer, journalist, activist, orator and pharmacist. He founded and occupied the 21st chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
from 1897 until his death in 1905.
, to João Carlos Monteiro, a vicar
, and Justina do Espírito Santo, a young freed slave
from the city of Elmina
(Ghana
).
After completing his primary studies, Do Patrocínio went to Rio de Janeiro
, where he served as a bricklayer
during the construction of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia. Getting interested in the Medicine
area, he would enter at the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, graduating in Pharmacy
1874. However, Do Patrocínio could not find a home to live after his graduation. A friend of his invited him to live in the neighborhood of São Cristóvão
, where Do Patrocínio stayed at the house of a rich laird
and captain named Emiliano Rosa Sena. Later entering to a Republican
club, he would meet Quintino Bocaiuva
, Lopes Trovão, Pardal Mallet
, among others.
He would soon get in love with Sena's daughter, Maria Henriqueta, who he nicknamed "Bibi". Although Emiliano would initially disapprove the marriage, he later complied. Do Patrocínio would marry "Bibi" in 1879.
During this period, Do Patrocínio would begin his journalistic career. He would found, alongside Dermeval da Fonseca, a journal named Os Ferrões (The Stings). Fonseca used the pen name Eurus Ferrão, while Do Patrocínio used Notus Ferrão.
In 1879, he became a contributing editor
for the journal Gazeta de Notícias, where he wrote articles under the pen name Prudhome.
In 1880 he founded an Abolitionist
society alongside Joaquim Nabuco
. He and its members (such as André Rebouças
and Aristides Lobo) were famous for buying manumission
s for slaves.
In 1885, invited by Francisco de Paula Ney
, he travelled to Ceará
, where he was very well-received. He was also well-received when returned to Campos dos Goytacazes, where he would take his mother to Rio de Janeiro, for her burial. Famous personalities, such as Ruy Barbosa
, Rodolfo Epifânio de Sousa Dantas, Campos Sales and Prudente de Morais
, attended the burial.
In 1889, with the Brazilian Proclamation of the Republic, he was a member of the Revolta da Armada
of 1892, being exiled in Cucuí
, in Amazonas.
He died in 1905, during a speech in honor of Alberto Santos-Dumont
, because of an hemoptysis
.
, by Kadu Karneiro in its 1995 remake
, by Valter Santos in the 1988 miniseries
Abolição and by Maurício Gonçalves in the 1999 miniseries Chiquinha Gonzaga.
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian writer, journalist, activist, orator and pharmacist. He founded and occupied the 21st chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
Academia Brasileira de Letras
Academia Brasileira de Letras is a Brazilian literary non-profit society established at the end of the 19th century by a group of 40 writers and poets inspired by the Académie Française. The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its foundation on December 15, 1896, with the statutes being...
from 1897 until his death in 1905.
Life
José do Patrocínio was born in the city of Campos dos GoytacazesCampos dos Goytacazes
Campos dos Goytacazes is a municipality and city located in the northern area of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with a population of 463,545 inhabitants. Its area is 4,031.910 km², which makes it the largest municipality in the state and its elevation is 14 m...
, to João Carlos Monteiro, a vicar
Vicar
In the broadest sense, a vicar is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior . In this sense, the title is comparable to lieutenant...
, and Justina do Espírito Santo, a young freed slave
Slavery
Slavery is a system under which people are treated as property to be bought and sold, and are forced to work. Slaves can be held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase or birth, and deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to demand compensation...
from the city of Elmina
Elmina
Elmina, is a town in the Central Region, situated on a south-facing bay on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ghana, about 12 km west of Cape Coast...
(Ghana
Ghana
Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
).
After completing his primary studies, Do Patrocínio went to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
, where he served as a bricklayer
Bricklayer
A bricklayer or mason is a craftsman who lays bricks to construct brickwork. The term also refers to personnel who use blocks to construct blockwork walls and other forms of masonry. In British and Australian English, a bricklayer is colloquially known as a "brickie".The training of a trade in...
during the construction of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia. Getting interested in the Medicine
Medicine
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
area, he would enter at the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, graduating in Pharmacy
Pharmacy
Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs...
1874. However, Do Patrocínio could not find a home to live after his graduation. A friend of his invited him to live in the neighborhood of São Cristóvão
São Cristóvão (Rio de Janeiro neighborhood)
São Cristóvão is a traditional neighborhood located in the northern zone of Rio de Janeiro city.-History:The first inhabitants were the Tamoio Indians. After Brazil was discovered and colonized by Portugal, the Jesuits inhabited the place...
, where Do Patrocínio stayed at the house of a rich laird
Laird
A Laird is a member of the gentry and is a heritable title in Scotland. In the non-peerage table of precedence, a Laird ranks below a Baron and above an Esquire.-Etymology:...
and captain named Emiliano Rosa Sena. Later entering to a Republican
Republicanism
Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, where the head of state is appointed by means other than heredity, often elections. The exact meaning of republicanism varies depending on the cultural and historical context...
club, he would meet Quintino Bocaiuva
Quintino Bocaiúva
Quintino Bocaiúva was a politician and writer from Brazil.-References:...
, Lopes Trovão, Pardal Mallet
Pardal Mallet
João Carlos de Medeiros Pardal Mallet was a Brazilian journalist and novelist. He is the patron of the 30th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.-Life:...
, among others.
He would soon get in love with Sena's daughter, Maria Henriqueta, who he nicknamed "Bibi". Although Emiliano would initially disapprove the marriage, he later complied. Do Patrocínio would marry "Bibi" in 1879.
During this period, Do Patrocínio would begin his journalistic career. He would found, alongside Dermeval da Fonseca, a journal named Os Ferrões (The Stings). Fonseca used the pen name Eurus Ferrão, while Do Patrocínio used Notus Ferrão.
In 1879, he became a contributing editor
Contributing editor
A contributing editor is a magazine job title that varies in responsibilities. Most often, a contributing editor is a freelancer who has proven ability and readership draw. The contributing editor regularly contributes articles to the publication but does not actually edit articles, and the title...
for the journal Gazeta de Notícias, where he wrote articles under the pen name Prudhome.
In 1880 he founded an Abolitionist
Abolitionism
Abolitionism is a movement to end slavery.In western Europe and the Americas abolitionism was a movement to end the slave trade and set slaves free. At the behest of Dominican priest Bartolomé de las Casas who was shocked at the treatment of natives in the New World, Spain enacted the first...
society alongside Joaquim Nabuco
Joaquim Nabuco
Joaquim Aurélio Barreto Nabuco de Araújo was a Brazilian writer, statesman, and a leading voice in the abolitionist movement of his country.-Biography:...
. He and its members (such as André Rebouças
André Rebouças
André Pinto Rebouças was a Brazilian military engineer, abolitionist and inventor, son of Antônio Pereira Rebouças and Carolina Pinto Rebouças. Lawyer, member of Parliament and an adviser to Pedro II of Brazil, his father was the son of a manumitted slave and a Portuguese tailor...
and Aristides Lobo) were famous for buying manumission
Manumission
Manumission is the act of a slave owner freeing his or her slaves. In the United States before the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolished most slavery, this often happened upon the death of the owner, under conditions in his will.-Motivations:The...
s for slaves.
In 1885, invited by Francisco de Paula Ney
Francisco de Paula Ney
Francisco de Paula Ney was a Brazilian poet and journalist. A pre-eminent figure of the bohemian Rio de Janeiro of the Belle Époque, he was a friend of Coelho Neto, Aluísio Azevedo and Olavo Bilac. He was a poet famous for writing anonymous satires and jokes for the journals where he...
, he travelled to Ceará
Ceará
Ceará is one of the 27 states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast. It is currently the 8th largest Brazilian State by population and the 17th by area. It is also one of the main touristic destinations in Brazil. The state capital is the city of...
, where he was very well-received. He was also well-received when returned to Campos dos Goytacazes, where he would take his mother to Rio de Janeiro, for her burial. Famous personalities, such as Ruy Barbosa
Ruy Barbosa
Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira was a Brazilian writer, jurist, and politician.Born in Salvador da Bahia, he was a federal representative, senator, Minister of Finance and diplomat. For his distinguished participation in the Hague Peace Conference of 1907, he earned the nickname "Eagle of the Hague"...
, Rodolfo Epifânio de Sousa Dantas, Campos Sales and Prudente de Morais
Prudente de Morais
Prudente José de Morais Barros was the third president of Brazil . His presidency lasted from November 15, 1894 until November 15, 1898...
, attended the burial.
In 1889, with the Brazilian Proclamation of the Republic, he was a member of the Revolta da Armada
Revolta da Armada
Brazilian Naval Revolts, or the Revoltas da Armada , were armed mutinies promoted mainly by Admirals Custodio de Mello and Saldanha da Gama and their fleet of Brazilian Navy ships against unconstitucional attitudes of the then the central government in Rio de Janeiro.-First revolt:In November 1891,...
of 1892, being exiled in Cucuí
Cucui
Cucui is a town in the Amazonas state of Brazil, on the border with the Amazonas state of Venezuela. The town is located slightly east of the Rio Negro, which flows through the Brazil–Colombia–Venezuela tripoint and forms the border between Colombia and Venezuela. The town serves as a checkpoint...
, in Amazonas.
He died in 1905, during a speech in honor of Alberto Santos-Dumont
Alberto Santos-Dumont
Alberto Santos-Dumont , was a Brazilian early pioneer of aviation. The heir of a wealthy family of coffee producers, Santos Dumont dedicated himself to science studies in Paris, France, where he spent most of his adult life....
, because of an hemoptysis
Hemoptysis
Hemoptysis or haemoptysis is the expectoration of blood or of blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs Hemoptysis or haemoptysis is the expectoration (coughing up) of blood or of blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs Hemoptysis or haemoptysis ...
.
Works
- Mota Coqueiro, ou A Pena de Morte (1877)
- Os Retirantes (1879)
- Pedro Espanhol (1884)
Representations in popular culture
Do Patrocínio was portrayed by Antonio Pitanga in the 1969 telenovel Sangue do Meu SangueSangue do Meu Sangue
Sangue Do Meu Sangue was a Brazilian telenovela produced by the SBT, shown of 11 of July 1995 the 4 of May 1996, original of Vicente Sesso, adapted for Paulo Figueiredo and Rita Buzzar , with direction of Nilton Travesso, Enrique Martins, Antonino Seabra and Del Rangel...
, by Kadu Karneiro in its 1995 remake
Remake
A remake is a piece of media based primarily on an earlier work of the same medium.-Film:The term "remake" is generally used in reference to a movie which uses an earlier movie as the main source material, rather than in reference to a second, later movie based on the same source...
, by Valter Santos in the 1988 miniseries
Miniseries
A miniseries , in a serial storytelling medium, is a television show production which tells a story in a limited number of episodes. The exact number is open to interpretation; however, they are usually limited to fewer than a whole season. The term "miniseries" is generally a North American term...
Abolição and by Maurício Gonçalves in the 1999 miniseries Chiquinha Gonzaga.