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Academia Brasileira de Letras ( English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
: Brazilian Academy of Letters) is a Brazil
Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
ian literary
Literature

Literature is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means "acquaintance with letters" . In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and non-fiction....
 non-profit society established at the end of the 19th century by a group of 40 writers and poet
Poet

A poet is a person who writes poetry....
s inspired by the Académie Française
Académie française

L'Acad?mie fran?aise, or the French Academy, is the pre-eminent France learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. The Acad?mie was officially established in 1635 by Cardinal Richelieu, the chief minister to Louis XIII of France....
. The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its foundation on December 15, 1896, with the statutes being passed on January 28, 1897. On July 20 of the same year the Academy was established. The Brazilian Academy of Letters is, according to its statutes, the authority on the "national language" of Brazil (the Portuguese language
Portuguese language

Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Portugal. It is derived from the Latin language spoken by the Romanization Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago....
).






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Academia Brasileira de Letras ( English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
: Brazilian Academy of Letters) is a Brazil
Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
ian literary
Literature

Literature is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means "acquaintance with letters" . In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and non-fiction....
 non-profit society established at the end of the 19th century by a group of 40 writers and poet
Poet

A poet is a person who writes poetry....
s inspired by the Académie Française
Académie française

L'Acad?mie fran?aise, or the French Academy, is the pre-eminent France learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. The Acad?mie was officially established in 1635 by Cardinal Richelieu, the chief minister to Louis XIII of France....
. The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its foundation on December 15, 1896, with the statutes being passed on January 28, 1897. On July 20 of the same year the Academy was established. The Brazilian Academy of Letters is, according to its statutes, the authority on the "national language" of Brazil (the Portuguese language
Portuguese language

Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Portugal. It is derived from the Latin language spoken by the Romanization Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago....
). It is comprised to this day of 40 members, known as "immortals", chosen from among the citizens of Brazil who have published recognized works or books of literary value. The position of "immortal" is awarded for the recipient's lifetime. New members are admitted by a vote of the Academy members when one of the "chairs" become vacant. The chairs are numbered and bear the names of their first incumbents. The academicians use formal gala gilded uniforms with a sword (which is called "fardão") when participating in official meetings of the Academy. During periods of dictatorship
Dictatorship

A dictatorship is usually defined as an Autocracy form of government in which the government is ruled by an individual, the dictator, without hereditary ascension....
 and military régime, the Academy's neutrality in choosing proper members dedicated to the literary profession was compromised when it elected politicians with few or no contributions to literature, such as ex-president Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Vargas

Get?lio Dornelles Vargas served as President of Brazil of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 until his suicide in 1954....
. One exception to this is former Brazilian president and senator José Sarney
José Sarney

Jos? Ribamar Ferreira de Ara?jo Costa Sarney, , is a Brazilian writer and politician. He served as president of Brazil from March 15, 1985 to March 15, 1990....
, who is a well-published regional novelist in his own right. The Academy, which was a purely male affair until the groundbreaking election of novelist Rachel de Queiroz
Rachel de Queiroz

Rachel de Queiroz was a Brazil author and journalist.She began her career in journalism in 1927 and entered the literary world with the novel O Quinze in 1930....
 in 1977 for chair No. 5, now has four women members (10% of its total membership), but one of them, Nélida Piñon
Nélida Piñon

N?lida Pi?on is a Brazilian writer born May 3, 1937 in Rio de Janeiro of Spanish immigrants. Her first novel was Guia-Mapa de Gabriel Arcanjo , written in 1961 which concerns a protagonist discussing Christian doctrine with her guardian angel....
, served as president in 1996-7.

The Academy, thanks to sound management and good revenues in excess of $
United States dollar

The United States dollar is the unit of currency of the United States and was defined by the Coinage Act of 1792 to be between 371 and 416 grains of silver ....
4 million a year, is well off financially. It owns a skyscraper with 28 floors (Palácio Austregésilo de Athaide), in a valued area in the center of Rio, which the Academy rents for office space, generating 70% of its current revenue. The rest comes from rental of other buildings, which were legated by book editor Francisco Alves, in 1917, and from financial investments. This comfortable situation allows for paying a "jeton
Jeton

Jetons were token or coin-like medals produced across Europe from the 13th through the 17th centuries. They were produced as counters for use in calculation on a lined board similar to an abacus....
" to each academician. The ABL is located just by its side, in a beautiful neoclassical
Neoclassical architecture

Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the Neoclassicism that began in the mid-18th century, both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Baroque architecture....
 building, which is named "Petit Trianon". It was donated by the government of France in 1923 and is so named because it is a copy of the Petit Trianon
Petit Trianon

The Petit Trianon is a small ch?teau located on the grounds of the Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France. It was designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel by the order of Louis XV of France for his long-term mistress, Madame de Pompadour, and was constructed between 1762-1768....
 palace in Versailles
Versailles

Versailles , formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important administrative and judicial centre....
, near Paris, France.

It has recently inaugurated one of the largest public libraries
Public library

A public library is a library which is accessible by the public and is generally funded from public sources and may be operated by Civil services....
 in Rio, with 90,000 volumes and a huge multimedia
Multimedia

Multimedia is media and content that utilizes a combination of different content format. The term can be used as a noun or as an adjective describing a medium as having multiple content forms....
 center.

The Academy annually awards several literary prizes: the Prêmio Machado de Assis
Prêmio Machado de Assis

The Pr?mio Machado de Assis is a literary award awarded by the Brazilian Academy of Letters, and possibly the most prestigious literary award in Brazil....
 (the most important literature prize in the country, awarded for lifework), and the ABL prizes for poetry, for fiction and drama, for essays, critic and history of the literature, and for children's literature. In 2005 the Afonso Arino de Mello Franco Prize was also established.

Original Patrons


  1. Adelino Fontoura
  2. Manuel Antônio Álvares de Azevedo
  3. Artur de Oliveira
  4. José Basílio da Gama
  5. Bernardo Guimarães
    Bernardo Guimarães

    Bernardo Guimar?es was a Brazilian poet and novelist, born at Ouro Preto August 15, 1825. His 1875 Isaura the Slave has been compared to Uncle Tom's Cabin in its importance to an abolitionist movement....
  6. Casimiro de Abreu
    Casimiro de Abreu

    Casimiro Jos? Marques de Abreu was a famous Brazilian writer. He is one of the best known and most important poets of Brazil. He is best known for his poetry on love of his native land and on romantic love....
  7. Castro Alves
    Castro Alves

    Ant?nio de Castro Alves , more commonly known as Castro Alves , was a Brazilian poet best remembered for his abolitionism and republican poems, and is considered one of the most important Brazilian poets of the 19th century....
  8. Cláudio Manoel da Costa
  9. Gonçalves de Magalhães
    Gonçalves de Magalhães

    Domingos Jos? Gon?alves de Magalh?es was a Brazilian romantic poet. He is credited for beginning the era of Brazilian Romanticism with his 1836 poetry collection Suspiros po?ticos e saudades. He was also a playwright who was the first Brazilian to write a tragedy....
  10. Evaristo da Veiga
  11. Fagundes Varela
    Fagundes Varela

    Lu?s Nicolau Fagundes Varela was a Brazilian romantic poet. Among his influences were George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron and Ant?nio Gon?alves Dias....
  12. Joaquim José França Júnior
  13. Francisco Otaviano
  14. Franklin Távora
    Franklin Távora

    Franklin T?vora was a Brazilian novelist, politician, and journalist. He was among the original patrons of the Academia Brasileira de Letras. He is a regionalist author whose works include O Cabeleira, O Matuto, and Louren?o....
  15. Antônio Gonçalves Dias
    Antônio Gonçalves Dias

    Ant?nio Gon?alves Dias was a Brazilian lyric poet....
  16. Gregório de Matos
  17. Hipólito da Costa
  18. João Francisco Lisboa
  19. Joaquim Caetano da Silva
  20. Joaquim Manuel de Macedo
    Joaquim Manuel de Macedo

    Joaquim Manuel de Macedo - was a Brazil writer from Rio de Janeiro. He was a prolific writer of urban Brazil in the nineteenth century.Graduated in Medicine, in 1844, in Rio De Janeiro, and in the same year debuted in literature with the publication of ?the Moreninha?, which would become his best known romance....
  21. Joaquim Serra
  22. José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva
  23. José de Alencar
    José de Alencar

    Jos? Martiniano de Alencar , was a Brazilian novelist. Born in Messejana, a small town near Fortaleza - Cear?, in northeast of Brazil. Alencar was the son of an important senator, Jos? Martiniano de Alencar, and the cousin of the later, Ana Josefina de Alencar....
  24. Julio Cézar Ribeiro Vaughan
  25. Junqueira Freire
  26. Laurindo Rabelo
  27. Maciel Monteiro
  28. Manuel Antônio de Almeida
    Manuel Antônio de Almeida

    Manuel Ant?nio de Almeida is a journalist and Brazilian writer. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro city, state of Rio de Janeiro , on November 17, 1831, and he died in Maca? near Rio de Janeiro city on November 28, 1861....
  29. Martins Pena
    Martins Pena

    Lu?s Carlos Martins Pena was an Brazilian writer.He was born in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.His works told principally about the everyday life in his city.He is considerated the beginner of the comedy of custom in Brazil....
  30. Pardal Mallet
  31. Pedro Luís
  32. Manuel de Araújo Porto-alegre
    Manuel de Araújo Porto-alegre

    Manuel Jos? de Ara?jo Porto-alegre , baron of Santo ?ngelo, was a Brazilian poet and playwright, forerunner of Brazilian romanticism, as well as a painter, architect, urban planner, journalist, cartoonist, art critic and historian, faculty professor, and diplomat....
  33. Raul Pompéia
    Raul Pompéia

    Raul Pomp?ia was a Brazil writer, who was born and died in Rio de Janeiro . He is considered a Naturalism author, with his main literary work being O Ateneu....
  34. Sousa Caldas
    Sousa Caldas

    Ant?nio Pereira de Sousa Caldas , was a Brazil poet and author. He studied mathematics at the University at sixteen. At some point he developed an interest in French philosophy....
  35. Tavares Bastos
  36. Teófilo Dias
  37. Thomaz Antonio Gonzaga
  38. Tobias Barreto de Menezes
  39. Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen
    Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen

    Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen was a Brazilian diplomat and scholar, born in S?o Jo?o do Ypanema. He studied in Portugal, then returned to Brazil in 1859, was appointed Minister to Paraguay, but resigned because of his disapproval of the policies of Francisco Solano L?pez , President and Dictator of Paraguay....
  40. Visconde do Rio Branco
    Visconde do Rio Branco

    Visconde do Rio Branco is a Brazil city in the state of Minas Gerais. As of 2004 its population is estimated to be 34,726....


Presidents of ABL

  • Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis
    Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis

    Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Pronunciation. , often known as Machado de Assis, Machado, or Bruxo do Cosme Velho, was a Brazilian novelist, poet and short story writer....
     1897-1908
  • Rui Barbosa 1908-1919
  • Domício da Gama 1919-1919
  • Carlos de Laet 1919-1922
  • Afrânio Peixoto
    Afrânio Peixoto

    Afr?nio Peixoto was a Brazilian medic, author, professor, and politician. Among his works are Maria Bonita. He was also President of Academia Brasileira de Letras in the 1922-1923 period....
     1922-1923
  • Medeiros e Albuquerque 1923-1923
  • Afrânio Peixoto
    Afrânio Peixoto

    Afr?nio Peixoto was a Brazilian medic, author, professor, and politician. Among his works are Maria Bonita. He was also President of Academia Brasileira de Letras in the 1922-1923 period....
     1923-1924
  • Afonso Celso 1925-1925
  • Coelho Neto
    Coelho Neto

    Henrique Maximiano Coelho Neto was a writer, politician, and professor born in Maranh?o on February 21, 1864. His father was Portugal, but his mother was an indigenous woman, Ana Silvestre Coelho....
     1926-1926
  • Rodrigo Otávio 1927-1927
  • Augusto de Lima 1928-1928
  • Fernando Magalhães
    Fernando Magalhães

    Fernando Magalh?es was a Brazilian Obstetrics who was twice President of the Academia Brasileira de Letras....
     1929-1929
  • Aloisio de Castro 1930-1930
  • Fernando Magalhães
    Fernando Magalhães

    Fernando Magalh?es was a Brazilian Obstetrics who was twice President of the Academia Brasileira de Letras....
     1931-1932
  • Gustavo Barroso
    Gustavo Barroso

    Gustavo Dodt Barroso was a Brazilian writer and politician associated with Brazilian Integralism....
     1932-1933
  • Ramiz Galvão 1933-1934
  • Afonso Celso 1935-1935
  • Laudelino Freire 1936-1936
  • Ataulfo de Paiva 1937-1937
  • Cláudio de Souza 1938-1938
  • Antônio Austregésilo
    Antônio Austregésilo

    Ant?nio Austreg?silo was a Brazilian neurologist important to the history of the field in his nation. He helped build the first neurological school in Rio de Janeiro....
     1939-1939
  • Celso Vieira 1940-1940
  • Levi Carneiro 1941-1941
  • Macedo Sorares 1942-1943
  • Múcio Leão 1944-1944
  • Pedro Calmon 1945-1945
  • Cláudio de Sousa
    Claudio De Sousa

    Claudio De Sousa is an Italy football who plays for Serie A team Torino F.C. in the role of a striker . He is 182 cm tall and wears the #44 jersey for his club....
     1946-1946
  • João Neves da Fontoura 1947-1947
  • Adelmar Tavares
    Adelmar Tavares

    Adelmar Tavares da Silva was a lawyer, magistrate, jurist, professor and poet from Recife. He was a member of Brazilian Societies devoted to criminology and law....
     1948-1948
  • Miguel Osório de Almeida
    Miguel Osório de Almeida

    Miguel Os?rio de Almeida was a noted Brazilian physician and scientist, brother of another scientist, ?lvaro Os?rio de Almeida, both considered the fathers of modern physiology in Brazil....
     1949-1949
  • Gustavo Barroso
    Gustavo Barroso

    Gustavo Dodt Barroso was a Brazilian writer and politician associated with Brazilian Integralism....
     1950-1950
  • Aloisio de Castro 1951-1951
  • Aníbal Freire da Fonseca 1952-1952
  • Barbosa Lima Sobrinho 1953-1954
  • Rodrigo Otávio Filho 1955-1955
  • Peregrino Júnior 1956-1957
  • Elmano Cardim 1958-1958
  • Austregésilo de Athayde
    Austregésilo de Athayde

    Austreg?silo de Athayde was a writer and journalist born in Caruaru, Pernambuco. His career includes being invited by Assis 'Chat?' Chateaubriand to work at a top position at the Di?rios Associados....
     1959-1993
  • Abgar Renault 1993-1993
  • Josué Montello 1993-1995
  • Antônio Houaiss
    Antônio Houaiss

    Ant?nio Houaiss was a Brazilian lexicographer, writer and translator, who served as the Minister of Culture.He was the son of Lebanon immigrants....
     1995-1996
  • Nélida Piñon
    Nélida Piñon

    N?lida Pi?on is a Brazilian writer born May 3, 1937 in Rio de Janeiro of Spanish immigrants. Her first novel was Guia-Mapa de Gabriel Arcanjo , written in 1961 which concerns a protagonist discussing Christian doctrine with her guardian angel....
     1996-1997
  • Arnaldo Niskier 1997-1999
  • Tarcísio Padilha 2000-2002
  • Alberto da Costa e Silva 2002-2004
  • Ivan Junqueira 2004-2005
  • Marcos Vinícios Rodrigues Vilaça 2006-2007
  • Cícero Sandroni 2008


Current members

The members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (June 2008):
  1. Ana Maria Machado
    Ana Maria Machado

    Ana Maria Machado is a Brazilian journalist, writer, and professor born in Rio de Janeiro on December 24, 1941. She is a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters....
  2. Tarcísio Padilha
  3. Carlos Heitor Cony
    Carlos Heitor Cony

    Carlos Heitor Cony is a journalist and author was born in Rio de Janeiro on March 14, 1926. He is classed as center-left and faced persecution under the military government in the 1960s....
  4. Carlos Nejar
  5. José Murilo de Carvalho
  6. Cícero Sandroni
  7. Nelson Pereira dos Santos
    Nelson Pereira dos Santos

    Nelson Pereira dos Santos is a Brazilian movie director. He directed movies such as Barren Lives , based on the Vidas Secas by Brazilian writer Graciliano Ramos....
  8. Antonio Olinto
  9. Alberto da Costa e Silva
  10. Lêdo Ivo
  11. Hélio Jaguaribe
  12. Alfredo Bosi
    Alfredo Bosi

    Alfredo Bosi is a Brazilian historian, literary critic, and professor. He is member of the Academia Brasileira de Letras . One of his most famous books in Brazil is the "Hist?ria Concisa da Literatura Brasileira", using in many Universities along the years....
  13. Sergio Paulo Rouanet
  14. Celso Lafer
    Celso Lafer

    Celso Lafer, born August 17, 1941 is a Brazilian jurist, full professor of Philosophy of Law at University of S?o Paulo, twice former foreign minister and a former commerce minister....
  15. (Father) Fernando Bastos de Ávila
  16. Lygia Fagundes Telles
    Lygia Fagundes Telles

    Lygia Fagundes Telles is a Brazilian novelist and short-story writer. She was born in S?o Paulo and is one of Brazil's most important living writers....
  17. Affonso Arinos de M. Franco
  18. Arnaldo Niskier
  19. Antonio Carlos Secchin
  20. Murilo Melo Filho
  21. Paulo Coelho
    Paulo Coelho

    Paulo Coelho is a Brazilian lyricist and novelist....
  22. Ivo Pitanguy
    Ivo Pitanguy

    Ivo H?lcio Jardim de Campos Pitanguy is a Plastic surgery based in Rio de Janeiro.Pitanguy studied at the Bethesda Hospital in Cincinnati, where he worked with John Longacre....
  23. Unoccupied chair (with the death of Zélia Gattai
    Zélia Gattai

    Z?lia Gattai was a Brazilian photographer, memoirist, novelist and author of children's literature, as well as a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters....
    )
  24. Sábato Magaldi
  25. Alberto Venancio Filho
  26. Marcos Vinicios Rodrigues Vilaça
  27. Eduardo Portella
    Eduardo Portella

    Eduardo Portella is a Brazilian essayist, author, and Professor Emeritus at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. He has written thirty books and was President of UNESCO's general conference....
  28. Domício Proença Filho
  29. José Mindlin
    José Mindlin

    Jos? Ephim Mindlin is a lawyer, businessperson and bibliophile, born to Ukrainian Jewish parents. He is the owner of the largest private library in Latin America, with more than 38,000 titles....
  30. Nélida Piñon
    Nélida Piñon

    N?lida Pi?on is a Brazilian writer born May 3, 1937 in Rio de Janeiro of Spanish immigrants. Her first novel was Guia-Mapa de Gabriel Arcanjo , written in 1961 which concerns a protagonist discussing Christian doctrine with her guardian angel....
  31. Moacyr Scliar
    Moacyr Scliar

    Moacyr Jaime Scliar is a Brazilian writer and physician.He was born in Porto Alegre, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and graduated in Medicine in 1962, majoring in Public Health....
  32. Ariano Suassuna
    Ariano Suassuna

    Ariano Suassuna is a Brazilian playwright and author.Four of his plays have been filmed and he is considered one of Brazil's greatest living playwrights....
  33. Evanildo Bechara
  34. João Ubaldo Ribeiro
    João Ubaldo Ribeiro

    Jo?o Ubaldo Ribeiro is a Brazilian author born in Itaparica,Bahia on January 23 1941. In the English speaking world his An Invincible Memory has been highly praised....
  35. Candido Antonio Mendes de Almeida
  36. João de Scantimburgo
  37. Ivan Junqueira
  38. José Sarney
    José Sarney

    Jos? Ribamar Ferreira de Ara?jo Costa Sarney, , is a Brazilian writer and politician. He served as president of Brazil from March 15, 1985 to March 15, 1990....
  39. Marco Maciel
    Marco Maciel

    Marco Ant?nio de Oliveira Maciel is a Brazilian politician. He is a lawyer and a law school professor. He was a founder of the centre-right Liberal Front Party party, former National Renewal Alliance Party and was twice elected vice-president in the same ticket as center-left social-democratic President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, in 1994 and...
  40. Evaristo de Moraes Filho


Gallery of the Immortals

  • Machado de Assis
  • Jorge Amado
    Jorge Amado

    Jorge Amado de Faria was a Brazilian writer of the Modernism school. He was the best-known of modern Brazilian writers, his work having been translated into some 30 languages and popularized in film, notably Dona Flor and her Two Husbands in 1978....
  • José Guilherme Merquior
    José Guilherme Merquior

    Jos? Guilherme Merquior was a Brazilian diplomat, academic, writer, literary critic and philosopher. He divided his published works in two segments; in one the bulk was criticism per se; in the other the emphasis was the history of ideas, or more specific investigations like the highly-esteemed study of Rousseau and Max Weber....
  • Tobias Barreto de Meneses
    Tobias Barreto de Meneses

    File:Tobias Barreto.jpgTobias Barreto de Meneses was a Brazilian jurist, critic and poet....


External links