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Joshua ben Perachyah

 

 
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Joshua ben Perachyah
 
 
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Joshua ben Perachya was Nasi
Nasi

Nasi? is a Hebrew language title meaning prince, in Biblical Hebrew, or president, in Hebrew_language#Modern_Israeli_Hebrew....
 of the Sanhedrin
Sanhedrin

The Sanhedrin was an assembly of twenty-three judges appointed in every city in the Land of Israel.The Great Sanhedrin was the supreme court of ancient Israel....
 in the latter half of the second century BC.

He and his colleague Nittai of Arbela
Nittai of Arbela

Nittai of Arbela was av beit din or vice-president of the Sanhedrin under the nasi Joshua ben Perachyah at the time of John Hyrcanus . In Jerusalem Talmud Haggigah II 76d he is called Mattai of Arbela, which is also found in ancient and linguistically reliable manuscripts of the Mishnah, such as Codex Kaufmann. The confusio...
 were the second of the five pairs (Zugot
Zugot

Zugot ??????????)}}) refers to the period during the time of the Second Temple , in which the spiritual leadership of the Jewish people was in the hands of five successive generations of zugot of religious teachers....
) of scholars who received and transmitted Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
ish tradition (Avot
Avot

Avot can refer to:*avot or avoth - Hebrew for "fathers" or "patriarchs."* Pirkei Avoth, a tractate of the Mishna composed of ethical maxims of the Rabbis of the Mishnaic period...
 i.6; Haggigah 16a).

At the time of the persecution of the Pharisees
Pharisees

The word Pharisees comes from the Hebrew language ?????? perushim from ???? parush, meaning "separated" . The Pharisees were, depending on the time, a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era ....
 by John Hyrcanus
John Hyrcanus

John Hyrcanus was a Hasmonean leader of the 2nd century BC. Apparently the name "Hyrcanus" was taken by him as a regnal name upon his accession to power....
 (c. 134-104 BC), Joshua was deposed — a disgrace to which his words in Men. 109b apparently allude.






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Joshua ben Perachya was Nasi
Nasi

Nasi? is a Hebrew language title meaning prince, in Biblical Hebrew, or president, in Hebrew_language#Modern_Israeli_Hebrew....
 of the Sanhedrin
Sanhedrin

The Sanhedrin was an assembly of twenty-three judges appointed in every city in the Land of Israel.The Great Sanhedrin was the supreme court of ancient Israel....
 in the latter half of the second century BC.

He and his colleague Nittai of Arbela
Nittai of Arbela

Nittai of Arbela was av beit din or vice-president of the Sanhedrin under the nasi Joshua ben Perachyah at the time of John Hyrcanus . In Jerusalem Talmud Haggigah II 76d he is called Mattai of Arbela, which is also found in ancient and linguistically reliable manuscripts of the Mishnah, such as Codex Kaufmann. The confusio...
 were the second of the five pairs (Zugot
Zugot

Zugot ??????????)}}) refers to the period during the time of the Second Temple , in which the spiritual leadership of the Jewish people was in the hands of five successive generations of zugot of religious teachers....
) of scholars who received and transmitted Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
ish tradition (Avot
Avot

Avot can refer to:*avot or avoth - Hebrew for "fathers" or "patriarchs."* Pirkei Avoth, a tractate of the Mishna composed of ethical maxims of the Rabbis of the Mishnaic period...
 i.6; Haggigah 16a).

At the time of the persecution of the Pharisees
Pharisees

The word Pharisees comes from the Hebrew language ?????? perushim from ???? parush, meaning "separated" . The Pharisees were, depending on the time, a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era ....
 by John Hyrcanus
John Hyrcanus

John Hyrcanus was a Hasmonean leader of the 2nd century BC. Apparently the name "Hyrcanus" was taken by him as a regnal name upon his accession to power....
 (c. 134-104 BC), Joshua was deposed — a disgrace to which his words in Men. 109b apparently allude. (According to the entry on Yeshu, it was Alexander Jannaeus
Alexander Jannaeus

Alexander Jannaeus , king of Judea from , son of John Hyrcanus, inherited the throne from his brother Aristobulus, and appears to have married his brother's widow, Shlomtzion or "Shelomit", also known as Salome Alexandra, according to the Biblical law of Yibum , although Josephus is inexplicit on that point....
, not John Hyrcanus whose persecution he fled. In Sanhedrin 107b and Sotah 47a a Yeshu is mentioned as a student of Joshua ben Perachiah who was sent away for judging a woman by her physical appearance. This happened during their period of refuge in Egypt during the persecutions of Pharisees 88-76 BCE ordered by Alexander Jannæus.)

He fled to Alexandria, Egypt, but was recalled to Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
 when the persecutions ceased and the Pharisees again triumphed over the Sadducees (Sotah 47a).

The same passage refers to a pupil of Joshua's who according to some scholars may have been Jesus
Jesus

Jesus of Nazareth , also known as Jesus Christ, is the central figure of Christianity and is revered by most Christian churches as the Son of God and the Incarnation ....
 (comp. Krauss, "Das Leben Jesu," p. 182, Berlin, 1902). Only a single halakhah of Joshua's has been preserved (Tosef., Maksh. iii. 4), besides the following ethical maxim which shows his gentle judgment of his fellow men and his eagerness to spread knowledge among the people:

"Get thee a teacher; win thee a friend; and in judging incline toward the side of innocence" (Avot i. 6).


Bibliography

  • Weiss, Dor, i. 125-128;
  • Heinrich Grätz, Gesch. der Juden, iii. 73, 87, 113, Leipzig, 1888.