Jillian Becker
Encyclopedia
Jillian Becker is a novelist, prize-winning story-writer, critic
, journalist
, lecturer, best known internationally as a writer, researcher, and authority on the subject of terrorism
.
, was a surgeon and politician who co-founded the anti-apartheid Progressive Party (South Africa)
. Jillian Becker says in book jacket biographies that she was ‘undereducated’ at Roedean School.
She graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand
.
She has been a British citizen since 1960.
She has had two marriages which ended in divorce, succeeded by a long and happy relationship with Bernhard Adamczewski who fulfilled the triple role of co-director of IST (see below), computer manager and explosives expert, having become qualified in the use of explosives when he had worked in the South African gold mines in the 1950s.
The marriages produced three daughters and six grandchildren.
She is on the Council of the Freedom Association.
She has appeared in numerous television broadcasts and been interviewed many times on radio: for instance she appeared with Sir Yehudi Menuhin
, Dr Richard Clutterbuck
, and others in After Dark (an Open World production) in December 1989.
She lives in California.
She is on the advisory board of the Institute for Middle Eastern Democracy
Her most recent book is an account of the death of her close friend, the poet Sylvia Plath
, who stayed with Jillian Becker for the last weekend of her life. Dissatisfied with the biographers' treatments and after seeing the film script to Sylvia (and absolutely declining the opportunity to have anything to do with the film), Jillian Becker decided to write her own account of Sylvia's death: Giving Up: the last days of Sylvia Plath.
Her most famous book is Hitler’s Children: The Story of the Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Gang,was about the German Red Army Faction
. The book chosen as Newsweek (Europe) book of the year 1977 and serialized in major newspapers in London, Oslo, Tokyo.
The PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization was commissioned by Weidenfeld & Nicolson and published in 1984. Jillian Becker spent many months in Lebanon
during the war in which Israel
drove the PLO
out of that country. Following closely in the wake of the Israeli armed forces, she retrieved secret documents from the ruins of bombed PLO office buildings, and interviewed Lebanese of all denominations who had experienced PLO oppression, as well as supporters, members and leaders of the PLO.
Other works include novels and short stories (see below) and numerous contributions to periodicals, such as Simone Weil
: A Saint for our Time? She has written for The Times
, The Sunday Times
, The Daily Telegraph
, The Sunday Telegraph, The Times Literary Supplement
, Encounter; and in the US, The Wall Street Journal
, Commentary, The New Criterion
. She contributed to scholarly articles on Terrorism in the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
was Prime Minister, Becker served in a multi-party working group to advise the British Parliament on measures to combat international terrorism. She was also consulted by the embassies of several countries plagued by indigenous terrorist organisations, some of which were supported by foreign nation states. In many of these cases, terrorist activity was an aspect of proxy wars, or what Becker called ‘the hot spots of the Cold War’.
In 1985, with former Defence Minister Lord Chalfont, she founded the Institute for the Study of Terrorism (IST) of which she was Executive Director from 1985-1990. With Lord Chalfont on the Presiding Council were Caroline Cox, Baroness Cox
of Queensbury, who was then Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords, and Lord Orr-Ewing. The Institute’s International Advisory Council included experts in many Western countries on Terrorism, Security, Weaponry, and Geo-Politics. In the Institute itself Jillian Becker worked with a small staff of researchers and translators. Her partner (both in IST and in her private life - see above), Bernhard Adamczewski was her co-director at IST.
IST kept in close touch with the Bomb Disposal Unit of the Metropolitan Police
and the Airport Police Authorities. On some occasions IST received information, for instance about the smuggling across international borders of explosive material, before it had been conveyed by official channels, and was able to alert the relevant authorities. Institute personnel undertook to test airport security by ‘smuggling’ imitation ‘bombs’ in luggage through international airports, and found it deficient.
The chief purpose of the Institute was to gather intelligence about terrorist organizations and their membership, and keep the British Parliament and the media informed about them, countering the propaganda and exposing pretexts and lies put out by the violent organisations themselves. IST commissioned expert studies of terrorist groups and distributed them to members of both Houses of Parliament, to newspapers, individual journalists, radio and television news channels, foreign embassies, Customs and Excise, police forces, military experts, and university departments. It also held seminars addressed by experts in relevant subjects from many countries in Europe, the Americas, Africa, the Middle and Far East.
IST cooperated with the Institute for the European Defence and Strategic Studies (IEDSS) in the organisation of an international conference on defence at Windsor in 1986. Also with the Faculty of Laws of the University of London
, the Institute held an international conference in 1988 at Ditchley Park, the venue of many Anglo-American top-level conferences. The three-day event was opened by the Home Secretary, Douglas Hurd
. One of the most important addresses was given by John Hermon, Chief of the Royal Ulster Constabulary
.
IST was a registered charity, supported mainly by charitable donations but also partly self-supporting by providing expert consultancy and supplying reports to private companies, such as those needing risk assessments when expanding into foreign countries.
In 1990 the Institute was forced to close as many donors stopped their contributions, convinced that with the collapse of the Soviet Union
and its Communist satellites in Eastern Europe, there would be no more internationally sponsored terrorism. Jillian Becker warned that terrorism, far from being over, would become an even greater menace in the coming years, but she failed to persuade donors of her point of view and so lost their support.
The Archive of the Institute was bought by the University of Leicester
, and was one of the collections with which the Scarman Centre, a research facility for the Department of Criminology, was founded.
Lippincott New York 1977
Michael Joseph London 1977
2nd. Edition Panther (Granada) London 1978
7 Other editions: Germany, France, Spain, Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, Japan
3rd. Edition Pickwick Books London 1989
Weidenfeld & Nicolson London 1984 ISBN 0297782991 ISBN 978-0297782995
St. Martin’s Press New York 1984
Ferrington London 2002 ISBN 1898490317 ISBN 978-1898490319
St. Martin’s Press New York 2003
Critic
A critic is anyone who expresses a value judgement. Informally, criticism is a common aspect of all human expression and need not necessarily imply skilled or accurate expressions of judgement. Critical judgements, good or bad, may be positive , negative , or balanced...
, journalist
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
, lecturer, best known internationally as a writer, researcher, and authority on the subject of terrorism
Terrorism
Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...
.
Life
Her father, Dr Bernard FriedmanBernard Friedman
Dr Bernard Friedman , was a surgeon, politician, author, businessman, and outstanding orator who co-founded the anti-apartheid Progressive Party . He was educated at Pretoria Boys' High School and then he read medicine at Edinburgh University, where he was a gold medalist...
, was a surgeon and politician who co-founded the anti-apartheid Progressive Party (South Africa)
Progressive Party (South Africa)
The Progressive Party was a liberal party in South Africa that opposed the ruling National Party's policies of apartheid, and championed the Rule of Law. For years its only member of parliament was Helen Suzman...
. Jillian Becker says in book jacket biographies that she was ‘undereducated’ at Roedean School.
She graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand
University of the Witwatersrand
The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg is a South African university situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg. It is more commonly known as Wits University...
.
She has been a British citizen since 1960.
She has had two marriages which ended in divorce, succeeded by a long and happy relationship with Bernhard Adamczewski who fulfilled the triple role of co-director of IST (see below), computer manager and explosives expert, having become qualified in the use of explosives when he had worked in the South African gold mines in the 1950s.
The marriages produced three daughters and six grandchildren.
She is on the Council of the Freedom Association.
She has appeared in numerous television broadcasts and been interviewed many times on radio: for instance she appeared with Sir Yehudi Menuhin
Yehudi Menuhin
Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, OM, KBE was a Russian Jewish American violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in the United Kingdom. He was born to Russian Jewish parents in the United States, but became a citizen of Switzerland in 1970, and of the United Kingdom in 1985...
, Dr Richard Clutterbuck
Richard Clutterbuck
Richard Clutterbuck was a pioneer in the study of political violence. In his lifetime he was both a professional soldier and academic. Clutterbuck was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1937 after graduating in mechanical sciences from Cambridge...
, and others in After Dark (an Open World production) in December 1989.
She lives in California.
She is on the advisory board of the Institute for Middle Eastern Democracy
Published works
Her early work (see below) is mostly fiction which was banned in her native South Africa, under the apartheid regime.Her most recent book is an account of the death of her close friend, the poet Sylvia Plath
Sylvia Plath
Sylvia Plath was an American poet, novelist and short story writer. Born in Massachusetts, she studied at Smith College and Newnham College, Cambridge before receiving acclaim as a professional poet and writer...
, who stayed with Jillian Becker for the last weekend of her life. Dissatisfied with the biographers' treatments and after seeing the film script to Sylvia (and absolutely declining the opportunity to have anything to do with the film), Jillian Becker decided to write her own account of Sylvia's death: Giving Up: the last days of Sylvia Plath.
Her most famous book is Hitler’s Children: The Story of the Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Gang,was about the German Red Army Faction
Red Army Faction
The radicalized were, like many in the New Left, influenced by:* Sociological developments, pressure within the educational system in and outside Europe and the U.S...
. The book chosen as Newsweek (Europe) book of the year 1977 and serialized in major newspapers in London, Oslo, Tokyo.
The PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization was commissioned by Weidenfeld & Nicolson and published in 1984. Jillian Becker spent many months in Lebanon
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
during the war in which Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
drove the PLO
Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization is a political and paramilitary organization which was created in 1964. It is recognized as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" by the United Nations and over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations, and has enjoyed...
out of that country. Following closely in the wake of the Israeli armed forces, she retrieved secret documents from the ruins of bombed PLO office buildings, and interviewed Lebanese of all denominations who had experienced PLO oppression, as well as supporters, members and leaders of the PLO.
Other works include novels and short stories (see below) and numerous contributions to periodicals, such as Simone Weil
Simone Weil
Simone Weil , was a French philosopher, Christian mystic, and social activist.-Biography:Weil was born in Paris to Alsatian agnostic Jewish parents who fled the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany. She grew up in comfortable circumstances, and her father was a doctor. Her only sibling was...
: A Saint for our Time? She has written for The Times
The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register . The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary since 1981 of News International...
, The Sunday Times
The Sunday Times
The Sunday Times is a British Sunday newspaper.The Sunday Times may also refer to:*The Sunday Times *The Sunday Times *The Sunday Times *The Sunday Times...
, The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph is a daily morning broadsheet newspaper distributed throughout the United Kingdom and internationally. The newspaper was founded by Arthur B...
, The Sunday Telegraph, The Times Literary Supplement
The Times Literary Supplement
The Times Literary Supplement is a weekly literary review published in London by News International, a subsidiary of News Corporation.-History:...
, Encounter; and in the US, The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal is an American English-language international daily newspaper. It is published in New York City by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corporation, along with the Asian and European editions of the Journal....
, Commentary, The New Criterion
The New Criterion
The New Criterion is a New York-based monthly literary magazine and journal of artistic and cultural criticism, edited by Hilton Kramer and Roger Kimball. It has sections for criticism of poetry, theater, art, music, the media, and books...
. She contributed to scholarly articles on Terrorism in the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Institute for the Study of Terrorism
In the 1980s, when Margaret ThatcherMargaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990...
was Prime Minister, Becker served in a multi-party working group to advise the British Parliament on measures to combat international terrorism. She was also consulted by the embassies of several countries plagued by indigenous terrorist organisations, some of which were supported by foreign nation states. In many of these cases, terrorist activity was an aspect of proxy wars, or what Becker called ‘the hot spots of the Cold War’.
In 1985, with former Defence Minister Lord Chalfont, she founded the Institute for the Study of Terrorism (IST) of which she was Executive Director from 1985-1990. With Lord Chalfont on the Presiding Council were Caroline Cox, Baroness Cox
Caroline Cox, Baroness Cox
Caroline Cox, Baroness Cox FRCN; born 6 July 1937) is a cross-bench member of the British House of Lords. She also is the founder and CEO of an organisation called the Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust...
of Queensbury, who was then Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords, and Lord Orr-Ewing. The Institute’s International Advisory Council included experts in many Western countries on Terrorism, Security, Weaponry, and Geo-Politics. In the Institute itself Jillian Becker worked with a small staff of researchers and translators. Her partner (both in IST and in her private life - see above), Bernhard Adamczewski was her co-director at IST.
IST kept in close touch with the Bomb Disposal Unit of the Metropolitan Police
Metropolitan police
Metropolitan Police is a generic title for the municipal police force for a major metropolitan area, and it may be part of the official title of the force...
and the Airport Police Authorities. On some occasions IST received information, for instance about the smuggling across international borders of explosive material, before it had been conveyed by official channels, and was able to alert the relevant authorities. Institute personnel undertook to test airport security by ‘smuggling’ imitation ‘bombs’ in luggage through international airports, and found it deficient.
The chief purpose of the Institute was to gather intelligence about terrorist organizations and their membership, and keep the British Parliament and the media informed about them, countering the propaganda and exposing pretexts and lies put out by the violent organisations themselves. IST commissioned expert studies of terrorist groups and distributed them to members of both Houses of Parliament, to newspapers, individual journalists, radio and television news channels, foreign embassies, Customs and Excise, police forces, military experts, and university departments. It also held seminars addressed by experts in relevant subjects from many countries in Europe, the Americas, Africa, the Middle and Far East.
IST cooperated with the Institute for the European Defence and Strategic Studies (IEDSS) in the organisation of an international conference on defence at Windsor in 1986. Also with the Faculty of Laws of the University of London
University of London
-20th century:Shortly after 6 Burlington Gardens was vacated, the University went through a period of rapid expansion. Bedford College, Royal Holloway and the London School of Economics all joined in 1900, Regent's Park College, which had affiliated in 1841 became an official divinity school of the...
, the Institute held an international conference in 1988 at Ditchley Park, the venue of many Anglo-American top-level conferences. The three-day event was opened by the Home Secretary, Douglas Hurd
Douglas Hurd
Douglas Richard Hurd, Baron Hurd of Westwell, CH, CBE, PC , is a British Conservative politician and novelist, who served in the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major between 1979 and his retirement in 1995....
. One of the most important addresses was given by John Hermon, Chief of the Royal Ulster Constabulary
Royal Ulster Constabulary
The Royal Ulster Constabulary was the name of the police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2000. Following the awarding of the George Cross in 2000, it was subsequently known as the Royal Ulster Constabulary GC. It was founded on 1 June 1922 out of the Royal Irish Constabulary...
.
IST was a registered charity, supported mainly by charitable donations but also partly self-supporting by providing expert consultancy and supplying reports to private companies, such as those needing risk assessments when expanding into foreign countries.
In 1990 the Institute was forced to close as many donors stopped their contributions, convinced that with the collapse of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and its Communist satellites in Eastern Europe, there would be no more internationally sponsored terrorism. Jillian Becker warned that terrorism, far from being over, would become an even greater menace in the coming years, but she failed to persuade donors of her point of view and so lost their support.
The Archive of the Institute was bought by the University of Leicester
University of Leicester
The University of Leicester is a research-led university based in Leicester, England. The main campus is a mile south of the city centre, adjacent to Victoria Park and Wyggeston and Queen Elizabeth I College....
, and was one of the collections with which the Scarman Centre, a research facility for the Department of Criminology, was founded.
Selected fiction
- THE KEEP Chatto & Windus, London 1967 Penguin 1971 ISBN 0140032045; ISBN 978-0140032048 reissued as A PENGUIN MODERN CLASSIC 2008 ISBN 978-0-143-18561-1
- A Cry in the Daytime (inter alia, South African Writing Today edited by Lionel AbrahamsLionel AbrahamsLionel Abrahams was a South African novelist, poet, editor, critic, essayist and publisher. He was born in Johannesburg, where he lived his entire life...
and Nadine GordimerNadine GordimerNadine Gordimer is a South African writer and political activist. She was awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature when she was recognised as a woman "who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity".Her writing has long dealt...
Penguin 1967 ISBN 9781199123244 ISBN 1199123242) - The Stench (inter alia, On the Edge of the World edited by A.D.Donker 1974 ISBN 0949937762 ISBN 978-0949937766)
- THE KEEP Penguin SA, Modern Classics 2008 ISBN 978-0-143-18561-1
- THE UNION, Chatto & Windus London 1971 ISBN 0701116250
- THE VIRGINS Gollancz London 1976 David Philip Cape Town 1986 ISBN 9780864860507 (0864860501)
- L: A NOVEL HISTORY Ferrington London 2005 ISBN 1898490465
Non-fiction
- HITLER’S CHILDREN:THE STORY OF THE BAADER-MEINHOF TERRORIST GANG commissioned by the New York publisher Lippincott. Translated into other languages including Japanese. ISBN 9780397011537
Lippincott New York 1977
Michael Joseph London 1977
2nd. Edition Panther (Granada) London 1978
7 Other editions: Germany, France, Spain, Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, Japan
3rd. Edition Pickwick Books London 1989
- THE P.L.O.:THE RISE AND FALL OF THE PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION
Weidenfeld & Nicolson London 1984 ISBN 0297782991 ISBN 978-0297782995
St. Martin’s Press New York 1984
- THE RED ARMY FACTION: ANOTHER FINAL BATTLE ON THE STAGE OF HISTORY Cultural Notes No. 12 ISBN 0-948317-54-X
Memoir
- GIVING UP:THE LAST DAYS OF SYLVIA PLATH
Ferrington London 2002 ISBN 1898490317 ISBN 978-1898490319
St. Martin’s Press New York 2003
- “No ordinary woman – Dr Thelma Gutsche: a memoir.” Contrast 15.3(1985)
- Simone Weil: A Saint for Our Time? Magazine article by Jillian Becker; New Criterion, Vol. 20, March 2002.
- Nadine GordimerNadine GordimerNadine Gordimer is a South African writer and political activist. She was awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature when she was recognised as a woman "who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity".Her writing has long dealt...
's Politics. Article in Commentary February 1992
As editor
- THE SOVIET UNION AND TERRORISM by Roberta Goren Unwin Hyman London 1984
Specialist publications
- THE SOVIET CONNECTION: STATE SPONSORSHIP OF TERRORISM Institute for European Defence & Strategic Studies, occasional paper No 13: 'The Soviet Connection': 'State Sponsorship of Terrorism' by Jillian Becker. London 1985 ISBN 0907967604 ISBN 978-0907967606
- EXPLODING THE MYTH OF THE PLO London 1986
- NEO-NAZISM: A THREAT TO EUROPE? Alliance for IEDSS London 1993 ISBN 0907967477 ISBN 978-0907967477
- THE STRUGGLE FOR WHAT? TERRORISM IN WEST GERMANY IST London 1988
- ANOTHER FINAL BATTLE ON THE STAGE OF HISTORY Libertarian Alliance London 1988 ISBN 1856374009 ISBN 978-1856374002
Biographical and Literary Entries in Reference Works
- Encyclopaedia Judaica (under: South African Literature)
- Proceedings of the Swinton circleSwinton circleThe London Swinton Circle is a British pressure group with links to the Conservative Party. It states that it stands for "traditional Conservative and Unionist principles"-History and membership:...
- Smith, Rowland, Leisure, Law, and Loathing: Matrons, Mistresses, Mothers in the Fiction of Nadine Gordimer and Jillian Becker, 28 World Literature Written in English 41 (Spring 1988).
- Rebecca WestRebecca WestCicely Isabel Fairfield , known by her pen name Rebecca West, or Dame Rebecca West, DBE was an English author, journalist, literary critic and travel writer. A prolific, protean author who wrote in many genres, West was committed to feminist and liberal principles and was one of the foremost public...
Papers review "HItler's Children" - Chapman, Michael. Southern African Literatures 1996) Longman Higher Education; ISBN 0582053072:
A characteristic of literary magazines in the
1950s, one that did not change much during the 1960s was the fact that these journals mainly
published works by white writers. Contrast presented stories and poems by many of the most
important white writers of this period. Among the contributors of fiction were Anthony Delius,
Nadine Gordimer, Jenny Hobbs, Laurence Lerner, Ruth Miller, Alan Paton, and the editor, Jack
Cope, himself. Cope, Gordimer, and Hobbs also wrote stories for the volumes edited by the PEN
Club, which featured Lionel Abrahams, Perseus Adams, Stephen Gray, Geoffrey Haresnape, and
Lewis Sowden as well. Finally, the best known writers who published short fiction in The Purple
Renoster were Jillian Becker, Myrna Blumberg, Yvonne Burgess, and Barney Simon.
- Contemporary Authors published by Thompson Gale
Other references and reviews
- What Terrorists Want: Understanding the Enemy, Containing the Threat by Louise Richardson (Hardcover - 5 Sep 2006) Excerpt - page 46: " ... revolutionary groups completely reject the past In her seminal book Hitler's Children Jillian Becker describes the members of the Baader Meinhof Gang the precursor to the RAF"
- The War That Never Was: Fall of the Soviet Empire, 1985-91 by David Pryce-Jones (Paperback - 20 Sep 2001) Excerpt - page 46: " ... packaging, not suburbs but only `labour storage facilities' (in a phrase of Jillian Becker's), no charities or clubs, no homes for stray animals, no ... "
- Can a State be 'Terrorist'? Paul Wilkinson International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 57, No. 3 (Summer, 1981), pp. 467–472 "Jillian Becker in her masterly study of the Baader Meinhof Gang..." doi:10.2307/2619580
- Political Studies Volume 26 Issue 4 Page 516 - December 1978 Jillian Becker is a distinguished novelist who brings great literary ...Hitler's Children
- Jillian Becker - "South Africa Now", 11 May 1980 Jillian Becker is a distinguished novelist, anti-apartheid exponent, and author of Hitler's Children, a study of the terrorist group the Baader Meinhof Red Army Fraction
- Proceedings of the Swinton Circle: Mrs. Jillian Becker, the highly-acclaimed author and expert on counter-terrorism, who gave a masterful overview of the current threats posed to the West by both “hard” and “soft” Islamic Jihad...
- The Death and Life of Sylvia Plath by Ronald Hayman (Paperback - 24 Jul 2003) Excerpt - page 5: "Jillian Becker uses the word `raving' for some of Sylvia's conversation, and this tallies with the evidence of the critic A. Alvarez, who uses the term `borderline psychotic ... "