Encyclopedia
The Wall Street Journal is an influential international daily
newspaper published in
New York City,
New York with a worldwide average daily circulation of more than 2.6 million as of 2005. For many years it had the widest circulation of any newspaper in the
United States, although it is currently second to
USA Today is a national American [i] newspaper [i] published by the Gannett Corporation [i] ...
with the
Journal having a U.S. circulation of 1.8 million in November 2003. The Journal also publishes Asian and European editions. Its main rival as a daily financial newspaper is the
London-based
Financial Times is an international business newspaper printed on distinctive salmon pink broadsheet [i] ...
, which also publishes several international editions.
The Wall Street Journal is owned by
Dow Jones & Company.
The
Journal newspaper primarily covers U.S. and international
business and financial news and issues—the paper's name comes from
Wall Street, the street in New York City which is the heart of the financial district. It has been printed continuously since its founding on July 8, 1889 by Charles Dow, Edward Jones, and Charles Bergstresser. The newspaper has won the
Pulitzer Prize twenty-nine times, including the 2003 and 2004 Pulitzer Prize for explanatory journalism. The longest-serving managing editor is Paul E. Steiger .
Foundation to present day
Dow Jones & Company was founded in 1882 by reporters Charles Dow, Edward Jones and Charles Bergstresser. Jones converted the small Customers' Afternoon Letter into
The Wall Street Journal, first published in 1889 , and began delivery of the Dow Jones News Service via telegraph. The Journal featured the Jones 'Average', the first of several indexes of stock and bond prices on the New York Stock Exchange.
Journalist Clarence Barron purchased control of the company in 1902; circulation was then around 7,000 but climbed to 50,000 by the end of the 1920s.
A complement to the print newspaper, the
Wall Street Journal Online is the largest paid subscription news site on the Web — with 712,000 paid subscribers as of the fourth quarter of 2004.
In September 2005, the Journal launched a weekend edition, delivered to all subscribers, which marked a return to Saturday publication after a lapse of some 30 years. The move was designed in part to attract more consumer advertising.
In 2005 the
Journal reported a readership profile of about 60% top management, an average income of $191,000, an average household net worth of $2.1 million, and an average age of 55.
In 2006 the paper announced that it would be including advertising on its front page for the first time. This follows front page advertising on the European and Asian editions in late 2005.
The paper still uses ink dot drawings called
hedcuts, introduced in 1979 , rather than photographs of people, a practice unique among major newspapers. However, the use of color photographs and graphics has become increasingly common in recent years with the addition of more "lifestyle" sections.
Future plans
In January 2007 the Journal plans to decrease its
broadsheet width from 15 to 12 inches while keeping the length at 22 3/4 inches in order to save newsprint costs. The shrinking amounts to a full column. The paper has said it will keep the six column inside format but is uncertain about the effects on the paper's famous front page. Other newspapers owned by
Dow Jones & Company are also affected. Barron's Magazine, the journal's weekly edition, will shrink by three inches from top to bottom. The 33 newspapers in the Dow subsidiary Ottaway Community Newspapers converted to the new size between 2000 and 2003. Other newspapers in the country including the
The Washington Post is the largest newspaper [i] in Washington, D.C. [i], the capital of the United States [i] ...
are converting to the new standard broadsheet size. The Journal says it will save $18 million a year in newsprint costs across all the papers.
Sections
The
Journal features several distinct sections:
- Section One – features corporate news, as well as political and economic reporting
- Marketplace – includes coverage of health, technology, media, and marketing industries
- Money and Investing – covers and analyzes international financial markets
- Personal Journal – published Tuesday-Thursday, this section covers personal investments, careers and cultural pursuits
- Weekend Journal – published Fridays, explores personal interests of business readers, including real estate, travel, and sports
- Pursuits – published Saturdays, focusing on business readers' leisure-time decisions, including food and cooking, entertainment and culture, books, and the home.
On average, The
Journal is about 96 pages long. For the year 2004, the inclusion of 45 additional Special Reports is planned.
Editorial line
The editorial page of the
Journal summarizes its philosophy as being in favor of
free markets and free people. It is typically viewed as adhering to
American conservatism and economic liberalism. The page takes a free-market view of economic issues and an often
neoconservative view of
American foreign policy. The editorial board has long argued for a less-restrictive immigration policy. In a July 3, 1984 editorial, the board wrote:
If Washington still wants to 'do something' about immigration, we propose a five-word constitutional amendment: There shall be open borders. The editorial page commonly publishes pieces by U.S. and world leaders in government, politics and business.
The Journal won its first two Pulitzer Prizes for its editorial writing in 1947 and 1953. It describes the history of its editorials:
Its historical position was much the same, and spelled out the conservative foundation of its editorial page:
The Journal's editorial and news page staffs are completely independent from each other. Every
Thanksgiving the editorial page has two famous articles that have appeared there since 1961. The first is entitled "The Desolate Wilderness" and describes what pilgrims saw when they arrived in America. The second is entitled "And the Fair Land" and describes in romantic terms the "bounty" of America. It was penned by a former editor Vermont Royster, whose
Christmas article "In Hoc Anno Domini," has appeared every December 25 since 1949.
During the
Reagan administration the newspaper's editorial page was particularly influential as the leading voice for
supply-side economics. Under the editorship of Robert Bartley, it expounded at length on such economic concepts such as the
Laffer curve and how a decrease in taxes can in many cases increase overall tax revenue by generating more economic activity, many of which have now entered the mainstream of economic academia.
Its views are somewhat similar to those of the British magazine
The Economist is a weekly news and international affairs publication of The Economist Newspaper Ltd ...
with its emphasis on free markets. However, the
Journal does have important differences with respect to European business newspapers, most particularly with regard to the relative significance of, and causes of, the American budget deficit. .
Regarding personal freedoms, the
Journal editorial page stops short of agreeing with such
Economist-backed issues as the illegality of
Guantanamo Bay's enemy combatants. Regarding the
Guantanamo Bay prisoner abuse issue, in the
Journal editorial pages, there is justification of the use of torture against wartime enemies, while the Economist has opposed this, in consideration of both PR and of individual human rights.
In the economic argument of exchange rate regimes , the
Journal has a tendency to support fixed exchange rates over floating exchange rates in spite of its support for the free market in other respects. For example, the
Journal was a major supporter of the
Chinese yuan's peg to the dollar, and strongly opposed the American politicians who were criticising the Chinese government about the peg. It opposed the moves by China to let the yuan gradually float, arguing that the fixed rate benefited both the U.S. and China.
Study of Media Bias
"A Measure of Media Bias," a December 2004 study conducted by Tim Groseclose of the
University of California, Los Angeles and Jeff Milyo of the
University of Missouri, stated that:
Recurring Columns
- Tuesday - Global View by Bret Stephens
- Wednesday - Business World by Holman W. Jenkins Jr
- Thursday - Cross Country
- Friday - Wonder Land by Daniel Henninger and Americas by Mary O'Grady
- Weekend Edition - Rule of Law
Notable reporting
The
Journal has had several series of articles which have gone on to have significant impact. Many of these have been transformed into books.
Insider trading
In the
1980s,
Journal reporter James B. Stewart brought national attention to the illegal practice of insider trading, co-winning the
Pulitzer Prize in explanatory journalism in 1988, with Daniel Hertzberg , now the paper's senior deputy managing editor. Stewart expanded on this theme in his book,
Den of Thieves.
RJR Nabisco buyout
In 1987, a bidding war ensued between several financial firms for tobacco and food giant RJR Nabisco. This was documented in several
Journal articles by Bryan Burrough and John Helyar. These articles were later used as the basis of a bestselling book,
, and then into a made-for-TV film .
Enron
In 2001, the Journal was ahead of most of the journalistic pack in appreciating the importance of the accounting abuses at
Enron, and two of its reporters in particular, Rebecca Smith and John R. Emshwiller, played a crucial role in bringing these abuses to light.
See also
References
External links
- - Official site
- - James Taranto's daily column
- - The free executive career site from The Wall Street Journal
- - A free site from the Journal focusing on residential and commercial real estate
- - A free site from the Journal focusing on all aspects of starting, buying and running a small business.
- - website of Kevin Sprouls, Creator of the Wall Street Journal stipple portrait style.
- - Stipple drawings by lead Wall Street Journal stipple portrait artist Noli Novak
- - The Wall Street Journal’s distinctive portrait heads, known as “hedcuts”
- 8 January 2004
- 23 June 1989
- 2 January 1951
