Jeju dialect

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Jeju dialect

Jeju dialect (Korean

Korean language

Korean is the official language of North Korea and South Korea. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China....
: ?? ??, Hanja

Hanja

Hanja is the Korean language name for Chinese characters. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese language and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation....
: ????) or Jeju language (???; ???) is the dialect used on the island of Jeju

Jeju-do

Jeju-do is the only special autonomous province of South Korea, situated on and coterminous with the country's largest island. Jeju-do lies in the Korea Strait, southwest of Jeollanam-do Province, of which it was a part before it became a separate province in 1946....
in Korea

Korea

Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries, a civilization, and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia....
, with the exception of Chuja in former Bukjeju County

Bukjeju County

Bukjeju County was a Administrative divisions of South Korea in Jeju-do, South Korea until July 1, 2006, when it was merged with Jeju City....
area of Jeju City

Jeju City

Jeju is the capital of Jeju-do in South Korea and the largest city on the island of Jeju. Its geographical location is . The city is served by Jeju International Airport ....
. It differs greatly from the dialects of the mainland, and preserves many archaic words which have since been lost in the other Korean dialects

Korean dialects

A number of different Korean language dialects are spoken in the Korean peninsula. The peninsula is extremely mountainous, and each dialect's "territory" corresponds closely to the natural boundaries between different geographical Regions of Korea....
. It has also directly borrowed (not to be confused with a Sprachbund

Sprachbund

A Sprachbund , from the German language word for ?language union?, also known as a linguistic area, convergence area, diffusion area or language crossroads, is a group of languages that have become similar in some way because of geographical proximity and language contact....
-like assimilation of) some words from foreign languages, including about 240 words from Mongolian

Mongolian language

The Mongolian language is the best-known member of the Mongolic languages. It is the language of most residents of Mongolia and of many of the Mongolian residents of Inner Mongolia, totalling about 5.7 million speakers....
, 53 words from Chinese

Chinese language

Chinese or the Sinitic language is a language family consisting of language mutually unintelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the two branches of Sino-Tibetan languages of languages....
, 50 words from Japanese

Japanese language

IPA: [n?iho?go] is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is related to the Ryukyuan languages....
, and 22 words from Manchu

Manchu language

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Jeju dialect (Korean

Korean language

Hanja

Jeju-do

Korea

Bukjeju County

Bukjeju County was a Administrative divisions of South Korea in Jeju-do, South Korea until July 1, 2006, when it was merged with Jeju City....
area of Jeju City

Jeju City

Korean dialects

Sprachbund

Mongolian language

Chinese language

Japanese language

IPA: [n?iho?go] is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is related to the Ryukyuan languages....
, and 22 words from Manchu

Manchu language

Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus....
. There are also many words which appear to be original formations (possibly from the language of the ancient kingdom of Tamna

Tamna

The kingdom of Tamna or Tamna guk ruled Jeju-do from ancient times until it was absorbed by the Korean Joseon Dynasty in 1404. This kingdom is also sometimes known as Tangna , Seomna , and Tammora ....
).

Another difference is the slightly different intonation of words. The Jeju dialect tends to use more stress on certain syllables.

One large difference between the Jeju dialect and those of mainland Korea is the lack of formality and deference to elders. For example, while a speaker of the Seoul Dialect

Seoul dialect

The Seoul dialect is the basis of the standard language of Korean language in South Korea. It is spoken in the Seoul National Capital Area, which includes Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi....
might say ????? annyeonghaseyo (“Hello”) to an older person, a speaker of the Jeju dialect would say ???? ban-gapsio (“Howdy”). To many mainlanders, a child saying this to an adult would be appalling, but on the islands, a more “egalitarian” form of speech is used, perhaps a cultural idiosyncrasy

Idiosyncrasy

Idiosyncrasy, from Greek language ?d??s????as?a, idiosunkrasia, "a peculiar temperament", "habit of body" is defined as an individualizing quality or characteristic of a person or group, and is often used to express Eccentricity or peculiarity....
that has hung on after the incorporation of Jeju itself (under the Tamna kingdom, which, though having subjugated itself to Korean states since the 600's CE, was not brought under the full centralized control of a Korean state until 1404 CE) into Korea.

Phonemes

There are 9 vowels, ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? .

Phonological change

Middle Korean // > Jeju // (e.g. Middle Korean // > Jeju // "wave")
Middle Korean // > Jeju // (e.g. Middle Korean // > Jeju // "crab")

Vocabulary

Examples:

English English language English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...	Jeju dialect (in standard Hangul Hangul Hangul is the native alphabet of the Korean language, as distinguished from the logogram Sino-Korean vocabulary hanja system. It was created in the mid-fifteenth century, and is now the official writing system of both North Korea and South Korea, being co-official in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of China.... )	Jeju dialect (in the Revised Romanization of Korean Revised Romanization of Korean The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea, used as a replacement for the 1984 McCune-Reischauer?based romanization system.... [RR])	Standard Korean Seoul dialect The Seoul dialect is the basis of the standard language of Korean language in South Korea. It is spoken in the Seoul National Capital Area, which includes Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi.... (in standard Hangul Hangul Hangul is the native alphabet of the Korean language, as distinguished from the logogram Sino-Korean vocabulary hanja system. It was created in the mid-fifteenth century, and is now the official writing system of both North Korea and South Korea, being co-official in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of China.... )	Standard Korean Seoul dialect The Seoul dialect is the basis of the standard language of Korean language in South Korea. It is spoken in the Seoul National Capital Area, which includes Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi.... (in RR)	Notes
“Welcome!”	???????	h?njeo opseoye	?? ???	eoseo oseyo
“father”	??	abang	???	abeoji
“mother”	??	eomeong	???	eomeoni
“grandfather; old man”	???	hareubang	????	harabeoji
“grandmother; old woman”	??	halmang	???	halmeoni
“uncle; middle-aged man”	???	ajeubang	???, ????	ajeossi, ajubeoni
“aunt; middle-aged woman”	???	ajeumang	????, ???	ajumeoni, ajumma
“elder brother (of a female)”	???	orabang	??, ???	oppa, orabi
“daughter”	???	tt?l	?	ttal
“the wife's father; a man's father-in-law”	????	gasiabang	??	jang-in	Jeju dialect gasi- as in gasiabang is a fossilization of the genitive form of Middle Korean gat (or gas, means "wife")
“man”	?????	s?nai	??, ???	namja, sanai
“woman”	????	jijibai	??, ???	yeoja, gyejibae
“maiden”	???	bibari	??	cheonyeo
“not likely”	???	gamureo	??	seolma
“neck”	???	yagaegi	?	mok
“tree, shrub; wood”	?	nang	??	namu	Stem of the Korean word for "tree, shrub; wood" was namg- in Middle Korean; note the similarity with Classical Mongolian no?o?a(n) or no?u?a(n) and Modern Khalkha Khalkha File:MongolianRoyalty.jpgThe Khalkha, or Halh are a subgroup of the Mongols. They comprise the majority of the population of the independent state of Mongolia.... Mongolian nogaan ("green")
“zelkova Zelkova *Zelkova* is a genus of six species of deciduous trees in the elm family Ulmaceae, native to southern Europe, and southwest and eastern Asia. They vary in size from shrubs to large trees up to 35 m tall .... tree”	???	gulmungnang	????	neutinamu
“grass”	??	taeyeok	??	jandi
“vegetable”	??	songki	??	chaeso	Jeju dialect songki is similar to Manchu Manchu language Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus.... sogi ("vegetable")
“potato”	??	jisil	??	gamja
“puppy”	???	gangsaeng-i	???	gang-aji
“cat”	???	gonaeng-i	???	goyang-i
“roe deer Roe Deer The European Roe Deer is a deer species of Europe, Asia Minor, and Caspian Sea coastal regions. There is a separate species known as the Siberian Roe Deer that is found from the Ural Mountains to as far east as China and Siberia.... ”	??	nori	??	noru
“ax”	??	dochi	??	dokki	dosguy, dosgeuy, or dochy in Middle Korean
“mountain, hill, (esp.) parasitic cone Satellite cone Satellite cone is a geographical feature found around a volcano. When the vent is blocked by cooled and solidified lava, the molten lava beneath will be forced to flow out of the lines of weakness at the side of the volcano under pressure, forming a small satellite cone.... ”	??	oreum	?, ?	moe, me	oreum or orm is similar to Mongolian Mongolian language The Mongolian language is the best-known member of the Mongolic languages. It is the language of most residents of Mongolia and of many of the Mongolian residents of Inner Mongolia, totalling about 5.7 million speakers.... ula ("mountain") and Manchu Manchu language Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus.... alin ("mountain"). Although it rather sounds closer to the literal meaning of oreum itself; oreum literally means "an elevation" or its implied meaning: "an elevated space."
“ear of grain”	???	gogori	??	isak
“there”	??	geudi	??	geogi	Jeju dialect uses -di instead of -(eo)gi to form locational deictic pronouns
“here”	??	idi	??	yeogi
“crab”	??	ging-i	?	ge
“bird”	??	saeng-i	?	sae
“radish”	?? or ??	nomppi or musu	?	mu	Jeju dialect musu is cognate with Standard Korean muu but derived from a different Middle Korean variant. Note similarity with Manchu Manchu language Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus.... mursa ("large, white, globular Chinese radish"). The etymology of Jeju dialect nomppi is obscure.
“sock”	??	daebi	??	yangmal	Jeju dialect daebi < Japanese tabi ("traditional Japanese socks")
“pig”	???	dosaegi	??	dwaeji
“pork”	???	dotgoegi	????	dwaejigogi
“chicken egg”	???	doksaegi	?? or ??	dalgyal or gyeran
“lettuce”	??	buru	??	sangchu
“change (at the end of a monetary transaction)”	??	juri	????	geoseureumdon	Jeju dialect juri < Japanese tsuri (id.)
“wave”	?	jeol	?? or ??	mulgyeol or pado	Jeju dialect jeol < Middle Korean Middle Korean Middle Korean corresponds to the age from 10th century to 16th century, or from the era of Goryeo to the middle of Joseon.The language standard of this period is based on the dialect of Kaesong because the new Goryeo Dynasty moved its capital city to the north area of Korean Peninsula.... gyeol (id.); cognate with the second syllable of Standard Korean mulkkyeol
“purple eulalia Eulalia Eulalia may refer to:* Saint Eulalia -- several people, and places named after them* 495 Eulalia -- an asteroid* A Eulalia within the subtribe of the Andropogonodae tribe of the Panicoideae grasses... ”	??	eouk	??	eoksae
“early”	??	inchik	??	iljjik
“powder of roast grain”	??	gaeyeok	????	misutgaru
“buckwheat Buckwheat Buckwheat refers to plants in two genera of the dicot family Polygonaceae: the Eurasian genus Fagopyrum, and the North American genus Eriogonum.... ”	??, ??, ??	momul, momol, momeul	??	memil
“dust”	??	mondok	??	meonji
“chick”	???	bing-aegi	???	byeong-ari
“umbrella”	??	gasa	??	usan	Jeju dialect gasa is borrowed from Japanese kasa ("umbrella, parasol; wide-brimmed hat"), whereas Standard Korean usan is borrowed from Chinese ?? yusan ("umbrella").
“walking stick, staff”	???	mongdaeng-i	???	jipang-i	Jeju dialect mongdaeng-i is cognate with Standard Korean ??? mongdung-i ("club, cudgel, baton, stick").
“all, everything”	??	monddak	??	modu
“kitchen”	??	jeongji	??	bueok	this form is still used amoungst older residents of Jeju whereas younger people now all use "??".
“much, lots”	??	hayeong	??	mani
“a small quantity; a little”	??	hosseol	??	jogum

Jeju dialect

Phonemes

Phonological change

Vocabulary

See also