Hannathon
Encyclopedia
Hannathon, and of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters
, Hinnatuna, or Hinnatuni/Hinnatunu, is the Biblical city/city-state
of Hannathon, (meaning: "the Gift of Grace"); in the Amarna letters correspondence
as Hinnatuna, it is a site in southern Canaan
, site uncertain.
').
EA 8, is a letter to Pharaoh
by Burna-Buriash of Karaduniyaš
-(i.e. Babylon
). The letter, entitled: "Merchants murdered, vengeance demanded", states near the letter beginning: "...Now, my merchant
s who were on their way with Ahu-tabu, were detained in Canaan
for business matters. After Ahu-tabu went on to my brother-(the pharaoh), –in Hinnatuna of Canaan, Šum-Adda, the son of Balumme, and Šutatna
, the son of Šaratum of Akka
-(modern Acre
), having sent their men, killed my merchants and took away [th]eir money."
Burna-Buriash continues, and states that he demands retribution, as well as he makes a warning to the pharaoh, that his own merchants/envoys are in danger.
, concerns the rebel, and mayor of Shechem
-(Amarna Šakmu), Labayu, and his cohort and protector: Surata of Akka-(modern Acre, Israel
).
EA 245 is the second tablet of a 2–Tablet letter-(Part 1 lost).
Letter Part 2 of 2:
Amarna letters
The Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
, Hinnatuna, or Hinnatuni/Hinnatunu, is the Biblical city/city-state
City-state
A city-state is an independent or autonomous entity whose territory consists of a city which is not administered as a part of another local government.-Historical city-states:...
of Hannathon, (meaning: "the Gift of Grace"); in the Amarna letters correspondence
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
as Hinnatuna, it is a site in southern Canaan
Canaan
Canaan is a historical region roughly corresponding to modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and the western parts of Jordan...
, site uncertain.
Amarna letters Hinnatuna
Hinnatuna is referenced in 2 Amarna letters, EA 8, and EA 245, (EA for (el AmarnaAmarna
Amarna is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site that represents the remains of the capital city newly–established and built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten of the late Eighteenth Dynasty , and abandoned shortly afterwards...
').
EA 8, is a letter to Pharaoh
Pharaoh
Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. The title originates in the term "pr-aa" which means "great house" and describes the royal palace...
by Burna-Buriash of Karaduniyaš
Karaduniyaš
Karduniaš, or Karduniash , is a Kassite term used for the kingdom centered on Babylonia and founded by the Kassite dynasty. It is used in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence, and is also used frequently in Middle-Assyrian and Neo-Assyrian texts to refer to the kingdom of Babylon...
-(i.e. Babylon
Babylon
Babylon was an Akkadian city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad...
). The letter, entitled: "Merchants murdered, vengeance demanded", states near the letter beginning: "...Now, my merchant
Merchant
A merchant is a businessperson who trades in commodities that were produced by others, in order to earn a profit.Merchants can be one of two types:# A wholesale merchant operates in the chain between producer and retail merchant...
s who were on their way with Ahu-tabu, were detained in Canaan
Canaan
Canaan is a historical region roughly corresponding to modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and the western parts of Jordan...
for business matters. After Ahu-tabu went on to my brother-(the pharaoh), –in Hinnatuna of Canaan, Šum-Adda, the son of Balumme, and Šutatna
Satatna
Satatna, or Sitatna, and also Šutatna/Shutatna-, was a 'Mayor'/Ruler of Akka, or Acco, modern Acre, Israel, during the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence....
, the son of Šaratum of Akka
Acre, Israel
Acre , is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. Acre is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the country....
-(modern Acre
Acre, Israel
Acre , is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. Acre is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the country....
), having sent their men, killed my merchants and took away [th]eir money."
Burna-Buriash continues, and states that he demands retribution, as well as he makes a warning to the pharaoh, that his own merchants/envoys are in danger.
Letter EA 245, title: "Assignment of guilt"
Letter EA 245, to pharaoh, letter no. 4 of 7 by BiridiyaBiridiya
Biridiya was the ruler of Megiddo in the 14th century BC. Biridiya authored five of the Amarna letters correspondence. He is also mentioned in the corpus from the city of 'Kumidu', the Kamid al lawz.-See also:...
, concerns the rebel, and mayor of Shechem
Shechem
Shechem was a Canaanite city mentioned in the Amarna letters, and is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as an Israelite city of the tribe of Manasseh and the first capital of the Kingdom of Israel...
-(Amarna Šakmu), Labayu, and his cohort and protector: Surata of Akka-(modern Acre, Israel
Acre, Israel
Acre , is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. Acre is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the country....
).
EA 245 is the second tablet of a 2–Tablet letter-(Part 1 lost).
Letter Part 2 of 2:
- (1-7)"Moreover, I urged my brothers, "If the god of the king, our lord, brings it about that we overcome Lab'ayuLabayaLabaya was a Habiru, possibly Canaanite, warlord who lived contemporaneously with Pharaoh Akhenaten . Labaya is mentioned in several of the Amarna Letters , which is practically all scholars know about him...
, then we must bring him alive: ha-ia-ma to the king, our lord." - (8-12)My mareHorseThe horse is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus, or the wild horse. It is a single-hooved mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today...
, however, having been put out of action: tu-ra (having been shot), I took my place behind him: ah-ru-un-ú and rode with Yašdata. - (13-20)But before my arrival they had struck him down: ma-ah-sú-ú,-(mahāsū). Yašdata being truly your servant, he it was that entered with me into batt[le] BattleGenerally, a battle is a conceptual component in the hierarchy of combat in warfare between two or more armed forces, or combatants. In a battle, each combatant will seek to defeat the others, with defeat determined by the conditions of a military campaign...
. - (21-47)(bottom/tablet and reverse)May ... [...] the life of the king, my [lord], that he may br[ing peace to ever]yone in [the lands of] the king, [my] lord. It had been Surata that took Lab'ayu from MagiddaMegiddo (place)Megiddo is a tell in modern Israel near Megiddo Kibbutz, known for its historical, geographical, and theological importance especially under its Greek name Armageddon. In ancient times Megiddo was an important city-state. Excavations have unearthed 26 layers of ruins, indicated a long period of...
and said to me, "I will send him to the king by boatShipSince the end of the age of sail a ship has been any large buoyant marine vessel. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size and cargo or passenger capacity. Ships are used on lakes, seas, and rivers for a variety of activities, such as the transport of people or goods, fishing,...
: a-na-yi." Surata took him, but he sent him from Hinnatunu to his home, for it was Surata that had accepted from him: ba-di-ú his ransom. - (?41-47)Moreover, what have I done to the king, my lord, that he has treated me with contempt: ia8-qí-ìl-li-ni and honored: ia8-ka-bi-id my less important brothers?
- (?41-47)It was Surata that let Lab'ayu go, and it was Surata that let Ba'l-mehir go, (both) to their homes. And may the king, my lord, know." -EA 245, lines 1-47 (complete, (minor 1-sentence lacunaLacuna (manuscripts)A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
))(Letter Part 2 of 2; Letter Part 1–lost)
See also
- BiridiyaBiridiyaBiridiya was the ruler of Megiddo in the 14th century BC. Biridiya authored five of the Amarna letters correspondence. He is also mentioned in the corpus from the city of 'Kumidu', the Kamid al lawz.-See also:...
of MegiddoMegiddo (place)Megiddo is a tell in modern Israel near Megiddo Kibbutz, known for its historical, geographical, and theological importance especially under its Greek name Armageddon. In ancient times Megiddo was an important city-state. Excavations have unearthed 26 layers of ruins, indicated a long period of... - Yašdata
- LabayaLabayaLabaya was a Habiru, possibly Canaanite, warlord who lived contemporaneously with Pharaoh Akhenaten . Labaya is mentioned in several of the Amarna Letters , which is practically all scholars know about him...
- Surata (Akka mayor), Akka/Acre, IsraelAcre, IsraelAcre , is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. Acre is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the country....
- Amarna lettersAmarna lettersThe Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
- Tel HanatonTel HanatonTel Hanaton is a Bronze Age Tel situated at the Western edge of the Beit Netofa Valley in The Western Lower Galilee region of Israel, 2 km South of the Town of Kfar Manda and 1 km ENE of the modern settlement which took its name, Kibbutz Hanaton.-Etymology of Hanaton:For much of the...
- HanatonHanatonHanaton is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located twelve kilometers north of Nazareth near the Arab town of Shefaram, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council...
Amarna letters (photos)
King of Babylon:
Tushratta Tushratta Tushratta was a king of Mitanni at the end of the reign of Amenhotep III and throughout the reign of Akhenaten -- approximately the late 14th century BC. He was the son of Shuttarna II... :
Rib-Hadda letters:
Abi-Milku:
|
Abdi-Tirši:
Biridiya Biridiya Biridiya was the ruler of Megiddo in the 14th century BC. Biridiya authored five of the Amarna letters correspondence. He is also mentioned in the corpus from the city of 'Kumidu', the Kamid al lawz.-See also:... :
Labaya:
Others:
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External links
- EA 245-(Obverse) EA 245-(Reverse); Article-1; Article-2; Note: Reverse up-side-down to Front.